6.8 Progressivism
Which is true with regard to the commission plan favored by many municipal reformers and adopted by many cities?
An elected commission replaced the mayor and city council.
True or false: It was virtually impossible for a single woman to find a place in the front ranks of the progressive movement.
False
True or false: Progressivism was based closely on the doctrines of laissez-faire and Social Darwinism.
False
Tammany Hall, the nation's oldest and most notorious city machine, was located in...
New York City.
Which of the following faiths were involved in the "Social Gospel" movement?
Protestantism, Catholicism, and Judaism
How did the leaders of Tammany Hall react to pressure from progressives?
They tried to preserve their influence by agreeing to some reforms.
True or false: In the wake of a devastating fire at the Triangle Shirtwaist factory in New York City, politicians from Tammany Hall put aside their longstanding opposition to the progressive movement and supported new laws to protect workers.
True
True or false: It was a common belief among progressives that nonscientific problems could be analyzed and solved scientifically.
True
The progressive movement in the West was led primarily by...
U.S. senators.
The guiding spirit of the NAACP in its early years was...
W. E. B. Du Bois.
All of the following were major components of progressivism EXCEPT...
a deep distrust of the natural and social sciences.
Progressivism was...
a diverse movement that included a variety of reform impulses.
Who was Thorstein Veblen?
a social scientist who believed the economy should be run by engineers
Elizabeth Cady Stanton was...
a strong supporter of woman suffrage.
Through what means was the right to vote extended to women throughout the country?
an amendment to the Constitution
Which of the following occupations was not a major component of the new middle class that arose in the late nineteenth century?
artist
The "Social Gospel" movement, driven largely by American Protestants but also to some extent Catholics and Jews, was focused primarily on meeting the spiritual and material needs of...
city dwellers.
The women's clubs of the progressive era generally began as...
cultural organizations for women from the middle and upper classes.
Adopted by most states in the 1880s and 1890s after efforts by progressives, secret ballots ______ the power of the major political parties.
decreased
On which level of government did western progressives focus most of their efforts?
federal government
In the late nineteenth century, reformer Booker T. Washington urged African Americans to work for...
immediate self-improvement.
Progressives believed that...
improving society required direct, purposeful human intervention.
By the end of the nineteenth century, "respectable" citizens of the nation's large cities had ______ local politics.
increased their involvement in
The term "muckraker" was reserved for progressive...
journalists.
On what did the NAACP focus in its initial efforts to win civil rights for African Americans?
lawsuits in the federal courts
Among African Americans at the beginning of the twentieth century, Booker T. Washington's ideas were ______ they had been at the end of the nineteenth century.
less popular than
By the end of the progressive era, the commission plan had been adopted by ______ the city-manager plan.
more cities than
As mayor of Cleveland, Tom Johnson believed utilities should be ______ owned.
municipally
In 1920, ______ American doctors belonged to the American Medical Association.
nearly two-thirds of
Progressives generally considered political institutions in the United States to be...
outmoded and corrupt.
The Niagara Movement was a...
progressive initiative based closely on W. E. B. Du Bois's plans for African American empowerment.
Women's clubs ______ raised overt challenges to prevailing assumptions about the proper role of women in society.
seldom
The referendum and other progressive initiatives ______ the power of state legislatures.
served to decrease
In the late nineteenth century, middle-class families were typically ______ they had been in previous generations.
smaller than
Who were the most determined opponents of lynching?
southern women
Founded in 1901, the American Medical Association ______ the medical profession.
spearheaded efforts to professionalize
In the late nineteenth century, the vast majority of professional women worked as...
teachers.
Which region of the country was the first to extend suffrage to women?
the West
In their efforts to reform the political system, progressives first targeted...
the dominant role of political parties.
Match the following muckrakers with the subjects for which they are best known.
-Charles Francis Adams Jr.- railroad corruption -Ida Tarbell- Standard Oil -Lincoln Steffens- urban politics
Which of the following represent efforts to reform business professions in the late 19th century and early 20th century?
-Formation of the National Farm Bureau Federation -Creation of the National Association of Manufacturers
Which of the following accurately describe Hull House, the most famous of the settlement houses?
-It was generally free of condescension and moral disapproval. -It was founded by social worker Jane Addams. -It was one of the earliest institutions of its kind in the country.
Which of the following represent arguments by supporters of woman suffrage in the late 1800s and early 1900s?
-Since the 15th Amendment expanded suffrage to African American men, common sense suggested educated women should have the right to vote too. -Expansion of suffrage to women would help the temperance movement because it would give women, temperance's greatest supporters, a political voice. -Giving women the right to vote would also end the need for war, since women would have a calming effect on men.
Which of the following are associated with the decline in party influence during the Progressive Era?
-The use of the secret ballot -A decline in voter turnout
Which of the following accurately describe opponents of woman suffrage?
-They emphasized the "natural order" of civilization. -They included women. -They associated suffrage with divorce.
Which of the following correctly describe settlement houses of the late 19th century in the United States?
-They relied heavily on educated, middle-class staffers. -They were based originally on similar programs in England. -They focused on helping immigrants adapt.
Match the African American reformers with their approach to reform.
-W.E.B. Du Bois- Had never experienced slavery and encouraged African Americans to fight for their civil rights -Booker T. Washington- Born into slavery and advocated self-improvement for African Americans through industrial education
In which of the following ways did the Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire impact reforms?
-Women's groups and New York City labor unions pushed for major reforms. -It paved the way for pioneering labor laws that regulated factory owners.
Members of which of the following groups aided city bosses in their efforts to block reform?
-business leaders -saloon owners -immigrants
Which of the following reforms were widely introduced by progressives at the state level?
-direct primaries -recalls -programs to assist injured workers
Governor Robert M. La Follette of Wisconsin successfully championed which of the following reforms during the Progressive Era?
-direct primaries -referendums -graduated taxes on inherited fortunes
Reformer W.E.B. Du Bois argued that the ideas of rival Booker T. Washington served to do which of the following?
-discourage African Americans from actively seeking their civil rights -limit African-American aspirations
Which of the following conditions were of key importance to the development of the professions in the late 19th century?
-the growth of cities -advances in technology -the growth of industry
By what date had professional bar associations been established in all existing U.S. states?
1916
How many members, roughly, did the National American Woman Suffrage Association have in 1917?
2 million
What percentage of American physicians, roughly, were female in 1900?
5%
