7-1 life is cellular vocabulary
Lysosomes
cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell
Mitochondrion
cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use
Vacuole
cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates
Cell theory
idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells
Endoplastic reticulum
internal membrane system in cells in which lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled and some proteins are modified
Cell
largest part of a typical neuron; contains the nucleus and much of the cytoplasm
Nuclear envelope
layer of two membranes that surrounds the nucleus of a cell
Cytoplasm
material inside the cell membrane—not including the nucleus
Cytoskeleton
network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement
Centriole
one of two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope
Chloroplasts
organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy
Eukaryotes
organism whose cells contain nuclei
Ribosomes
small particle in the cell on which proteins are assembled; made of RNA and protein
Nucleolus
small, dense region within most nuclei in which the assembly of proteins begins
Organelle
specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell
Golgi apparatus
stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum
Nucleus
the center of the atom which contains the protons and neutrons; in cells, structure that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls the cell's activities
Chromosome
threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next
Prokaryotes
unicellular organism lacking a nucleus
