7.03 Unit Test: Investigate Informative Texts
Read the second to last paragraph from the article. That's powerful, people! Mothers can be healthier. Young girls have more time to go to school. Forests grow again. People can feed themselves without risking their lives to cook a meal. Which idea does this paragraph develop?
Clean cookstoves will have a significant positive effect on people's lives and the environment.
Read Paragraph 3 from the article. Think about it: For Americans, turning on the stove means simply turning a knob or switch. For people living in developing countries, particularly women and children, it means hours of collecting fuels like firewood, dung, or coal to burn in a rudimentary, smoky cookstove or over an open fire. The result is a constant source of toxic smoke that families breathe in daily, causing diseases like child pneumonia, heart disease, and lung cancer, not to mention taking a child away from her education. Which idea does this paragraph develop?
In developing countries, the common method for heating food is problematic for people and for the environment.
What is the effect of this quote on the tone of the passage? . . . I'm proud to support an effort to bring clean cookstoves and fuels to millions of people . . .
It contributes to a passionate tone.
Read this paragraph from the excerpt. And the environment suffers, too. When people collect wood every day from their local forests to create charcoal or fuel for wood-burning stoves, it creates an unsustainable pace of deforestation that leads to mudslides, loss of watershed, and other environmental consequences. These stoves also contribute up to 25 percent of black carbon emissions, a pollutant that contributes directly to climate change. How does this paragraph contribute to the development of the author's argument?
It presents the environmental effects of cooking so they appear slightly less important than the effects on human health.
Read Paragraph 10 from the article. Just last month, India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced his plan to connect 50 million Indian families to clean cooking gas over the next three years. This is an important step being taken at an unprecedented scale, and it could help protect the lives of millions, while also improving India's environment. Why does the author place this paragraph after he describes the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves and the Obama administration's efforts?
Paragraph 10 supports the previous two paragraphs by showing that another country's leader is investing in clean cookstoves.
Read Paragraph 4 from the article. In fact, diseases caused by smoke from open fires and stoves claim 4.3 million lives every year. That's more than AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis combined. Why does the author place this paragraph immediately after he explains that cookstoves create toxic smoke that causes disease?
Paragraph 4 builds on the point the author made in Paragraph 3, emphasizing just how deadly cookstoves are.
Read Paragraph 7 from the article. It's also why I'm proud to support an effort to bring clean cookstoves and fuels to millions of people in developing countries. Why does the author state his support of the clean-cookstove effort in the middle of the article?
The author explains the issue before he discusses a solution because the audience is likely not familiar with cookstoves and their negative effects.
Read Paragraph 4 from the article. In fact, diseases caused by smoke from open fires and stoves claim 4.3 million lives every year. That's more than AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis combined. Which idea does this paragraph develop?
The effects of using cookstoves are much more deadly than people may realize.
The author begins the second paragraph with the phrase "As a chef." How does that choice affect the meaning of the article?
The phrase establishes the author as having expertise on the topic of cooking.
In Paragraph 3, the author uses the phrase "simply turning a knob or switch." How does that phrase affect the meaning of the article?
The plain, precise language emphasizes how easily it is for Americans to start a stove.
Read these paragraphs from the excerpt: Together with the United Nations, the U.S. government, and partners around the world, the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves focuses on working with local communities and organizations to develop a market for cookstoves and fuels that significantly reduce emissions, cook more efficiently, and fit with local customs and culture.... The Obama administration's investment goes a long way toward achieving our goal of bringing access to clean cookstoves and fuels to 100 million households in places like China, Guatemala, Kenya, and India by 2020. Why does the author place these paragraphs after the one-sentence paragraph, "It's also why I'm proud to support an effort to bring clean cookstoves and fuels to millions of people in developing countries"?
The two paragraphs provide details about the solution that the previous paragraph introduces.
In Paragraph 3, the author uses the words "rudimentary" and "smoky" to describe the cookstoves used in developing countries. How do those words affect the meaning of the article?
The words imply that cookstoves are something negative.
Read these paragraphs from the excerpt. Cooking: it's a simple act that has brought families around the world together for thousands and thousands of years. As a chef, I can think of few things more beautiful than that. However, I also know how deadly such a simple act can be , not only to our health, but to our environment. Why does the author place these paragraphs first in his argument?
They attempt to get the reader interested in the topic.
Read these paragraphs from the excerpt. Together with the United Nations, the U.S. government, and partners around the world, the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves focuses on working with local communities and organizations to develop a market for cookstoves and fuels that significantly reduce emissions, cook more efficiently, and fit with local customs and culture.... The Obama administration's investment goes a long way toward achieving our goal of bringing access to clean cookstoves and fuels to 100 million households in places like China, Guatemala, Kenya, and India by 2020. How do these paragraphs contribute to the development of the author's argument?
They explain a solution to the negative effects of cooking in the developing world that appears in earlier paragraphs.
How do the phrases "loss of watershed" and "black carbon emissions" affect the passage?
They give specific details about damage caused by rudimentary cooking.
Read these paragraphs from the excerpt: Cooking: it's a simple act that has brought families around the world together for thousands and thousands of years. As a chef, I can think of few things more beautiful than that. However, I also know how deadly such a simple act can be , not only to our health, but to our environment. Think about it: For Americans, turning on the stove means simply turning a knob or switch. For people living in developing countries, particularly women and children, it means hours of collecting fuels like firewood, dung, or coal to burn in a rudimentary, smoky cookstove or over an open fire. How do these paragraphs contribute to the development of the author's argument?
They provide personal support for the global solution to the problems of cooking that the author presents in the article.
Read this sentence from the passage. You see, from what we cook to how we cook, our food connects with our lives on so many levels. What is the effect of the pronouns we and our in the sentence?
They remind readers that they, too, cook, which makes readers feel connected to the article.
Read this paragraph from the excerpt: And the environment suffers, too. When people collect wood every day from their local forests to create charcoal or fuel for wood-burning stoves, it creates an unsustainable pace of deforestation that leads to mudslides, loss of watershed, and other environmental consequences. These stoves also contribute up to 25 percent of black carbon emissions, a pollutant that contributes directly to climate change. Why does the author place this paragraph immediately after the two paragraphs about diseases?
This paragraph makes a related but broader point about environmental harm rather than harm to individuals.
