7.2
membrane
provide support and protection for the cell.
contractile vacuole
pump water out of cell
microfilament and microtubule
2 princilpal protein filaments make up cytoskeleton
ovum
A mature egg cell. inherited mitochondria
organelle
A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell
mitochondria
All cell. convert the chemical energy stored in food compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use. 2 membranes
vacuole
Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates
ribosome
small particles of RNA and protein found throughout cytoplasm in all cells. produce proteins by following coded instructions from DNA. small machines DNA(BOSS)
endoplamsic reticulum
Eukayotic cells internal membrane system. Where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled, along with proteins and other materials that are exported form the cell.
vesicle
Nearly all eukaryotic cells contain smaller membrane-enclosed structures call vesicles.Vesicles are used to store and move materials between cell organelles, as well as to and from the cell surface.
cytoskeleton
Helps maintain cell shape. Its primary importance is in cell motility. It makes the cell move internally and externally. transport materials between parts of the cell
rough ER
Newly made proteins leacve these ribosome and are inserted int othe rough ER, where they may be chemically modified. ribosomes
What's the role of cell nucleus?
The nuclus contains nearly all the cell's DNA and, with it,the coded instructions for making proteins and other important molecules.
nucleolus
The organelle where ribosomes are made, synthesized and partially assembled, located in the nucleus. Large,saclike,membrane-enclosed stuctures
cytoplasm
portion that ouside the nucleus,prokaytic have it as well.
Golgi apparatus
appears as a stack of flattened membranes.The proteins are bundled into tiny vesicles that bud from the ER and carry them to Golgi apparatus. Stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.
chlroplast
biological equivalents of solar power plants.They capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into food that contains chemcial energy in a process called photosynthesis. plant and some other organisms. Two membranes surround
lysosome
break down lipids,carbohydrates,and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell.They are also involved in breaking down organelles that have outlived their usefulness. enzyme. vital cuz remove "junk" otherwise, accumlate and clutter up the cell. Animal and specialized plant cell.
endosymbiotic theory
chloroplasts and mitochondria may have descended from independent microorganisms.
lipid bilayer
flexible double-layered sheet that makes up the cell membrane and forms a barrier between the cell and its surroundings Formed by hydrophobic tails cluster together, hydrophilic "heads"are attracted to water.
centriole
formed from tubulins near the nucleus and help to organize cell division. no in plant cells
mitotic spindle
help to separate chromosomes microtubule formed
microtubule
hollow made up proteins(tubulins) critical roles mantain cell shape. help to build projections from the cell surface. Enable cells to swim rapid ly through liquids. controlled move between cross-bridges.
microfilament
microfilament are threadlike structures made up of a protein called actin. They form extensive networks in some cells and produce a tough flexible framework that supports the cell. help cells move. Microfilament assembly and disassembly is responsible for the cytoplasmic movements that allow cells.Such as amoebas, crawl along surfaces.
smooth ER
no ribosomes contain enzymes perform speical tasks,detoxification of drugs and synthesis membrane lipids.
selectively permeable
property of biological membranes that allows some substances to pass across it while others cannot; also called semipermeable membrane