7.2

membrane

provide support and protection for the cell.

contractile vacuole

pump water out of cell

microfilament and microtubule

2 princilpal protein filaments make up cytoskeleton

ovum

A mature egg cell. inherited mitochondria

organelle

A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell

mitochondria

All cell. convert the chemical energy stored in food compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use. 2 membranes

vacuole

Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates

ribosome

small particles of RNA and protein found throughout cytoplasm in all cells. produce proteins by following coded instructions from DNA. small machines DNA(BOSS)

endoplamsic reticulum

Eukayotic cells internal membrane system. Where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled, along with proteins and other materials that are exported form the cell.

vesicle

Nearly all eukaryotic cells contain smaller membrane-enclosed structures call vesicles.Vesicles are used to store and move materials between cell organelles, as well as to and from the cell surface.

cytoskeleton

Helps maintain cell shape. Its primary importance is in cell motility. It makes the cell move internally and externally. transport materials between parts of the cell

rough ER

Newly made proteins leacve these ribosome and are inserted int othe rough ER, where they may be chemically modified. ribosomes

What's the role of cell nucleus?

The nuclus contains nearly all the cell's DNA and, with it,the coded instructions for making proteins and other important molecules.

nucleolus

The organelle where ribosomes are made, synthesized and partially assembled, located in the nucleus. Large,saclike,membrane-enclosed stuctures

cytoplasm

portion that ouside the nucleus,prokaytic have it as well.

Golgi apparatus

appears as a stack of flattened membranes.The proteins are bundled into tiny vesicles that bud from the ER and carry them to Golgi apparatus. Stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.

chlroplast

biological equivalents of solar power plants.They capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into food that contains chemcial energy in a process called photosynthesis. plant and some other organisms. Two membranes surround

lysosome

break down lipids,carbohydrates,and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell.They are also involved in breaking down organelles that have outlived their usefulness. enzyme. vital cuz remove "junk" otherwise, accumlate and clutter up the cell. Animal and specialized plant cell.

endosymbiotic theory

chloroplasts and mitochondria may have descended from independent microorganisms.

lipid bilayer

flexible double-layered sheet that makes up the cell membrane and forms a barrier between the cell and its surroundings Formed by hydrophobic tails cluster together, hydrophilic "heads"are attracted to water.

centriole

formed from tubulins near the nucleus and help to organize cell division. no in plant cells

mitotic spindle

help to separate chromosomes microtubule formed

microtubule

hollow made up proteins(tubulins) critical roles mantain cell shape. help to build projections from the cell surface. Enable cells to swim rapid ly through liquids. controlled move between cross-bridges.

microfilament

microfilament are threadlike structures made up of a protein called actin. They form extensive networks in some cells and produce a tough flexible framework that supports the cell. help cells move. Microfilament assembly and disassembly is responsible for the cytoplasmic movements that allow cells.Such as amoebas, crawl along surfaces.

smooth ER

no ribosomes contain enzymes perform speical tasks,detoxification of drugs and synthesis membrane lipids.

selectively permeable

property of biological membranes that allows some substances to pass across it while others cannot; also called semipermeable membrane