- 7th TX Flashcards Total
Causes of the Great Depression
-Uneven spread of wealth -Farmers faces rough times -Foreign grade slowed
How did the Adams-Onis Treaty affect Spain and the United States?
-ended border dispute Florida to us -Sabine eastern borders of Texas
Identify the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments
13th- slavery abolished 14th- citizenship for freed slaves 15th- all citizens allowed to vote
What year did the Civil War officially end?
1865
James L. Farmer Jr.
1920-1999; *Born in Marshall, TX* and became an important *leader in the civil rights movement* of the 20th century. *His frustration with segregation and his belief in the non-violent passive resistance ideas of Gandhi from India led him to found the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE).* CORE organized various forms of nonviolent protests including *boycotts, sit-ins, and freedom rides.*
What number state was Texas to join the United States?
28
Old Three Hundred
300 American families recruited and lived in Texas
Lyndon B. Johnson
36th U.S. President. 1963-1969. Democratic
Presidio
A Spanish fort built in order to protect their missions and villages from raids by Native Texans.
Colonization
A group of people moving from their homeland to a new area in large numbers.
Expedition
A journey undertaken by a group of people
Mestizos
A person of mixed Native American and European ancestry
Bill of Rights
A section of the constitution that protects individual freedoms.
1718
Alamo and San Antonio established
Antiono Margil de Jesus
An early roman catholic missionary to Texas
Viceroy
An official who rules in the name of the king or queen
George Childress
Chosen to write the draft of the Declaration of Independence from Mexico along with 5 other people
Define the term "republic"
Citizens vote for representatives
James L. Farmer Jr.
Civil rights leader who founded C.O.R.E. which promoted nonviolent ways to protest for civil rights and equality.
what river valleys did Austin choose as the location of his colony
Colorado River and Brazos River
What form of government was developed to oversee rebuilding Galveston?
Commission form
1876
Current Texas Constitution is adopted
Oveta Culp Hobby
Director of the WAC
Oveta Culp Hobby
Director of the Women's Army Corps during World War II; she held the rank of colonel and later became the second woman cabinet member, serving as secretary of health, education, and welfare.
What problems to farmers have in the 1920s?
Drought, debt, dust bowls.
Caddo Indians
East Texas, farming, trading and making pottery; Large beehive looking homes
What was a major area of reform by Texas governors in the 1910s and 1920s?
Education
Who was Lorenzo de Zavala and how did he contribute to Texas?
Empresario of Spanish descent, who became a liberal Mexican and later Texan politician.
Describe the expedition of Hernando de Soto.
Explored the east and then died
Moses Austin
First Anglo American to secure permission from the Spanish to bring settlers to Texas.
Describe the voyage if Coronado
Found Cobola, no gold. Turk told of Quivera,nothing. Turk killed. Humpback cow
Hector P. Garcia
Founder of American GI Forum, Hispanic Civil rights, veteran WWII
Jose Gutierra de lora
He became an ardent supporter of Mexican Independence from Spain
Who was William B. Travis and how did he contribute to Texas?
He commanded the outnumbered forces at the Alamo and chose to fight to the death rather than surrender to Santa Anna's massive army.
Who was Father Damian Massanet and how did he contribute to Texas?
He established the San Francisco de los Tejas mission in East Texas.
Who was Jose Bernardo Gutierrez and how did he contribute to Texas?
He helped Mexico organize the Gutierrez- Magee Expedition, which captured Nacogdoches, La Bahia, and San Antonio and resulted in Mexico achieving independence.
Who was James Fannin and how did he contribute to Texas?
He surrendered at Coleto Creek where he and his men became prisoners of the Mexican Army. They were held at Goliad, where Urrea reluctantly carried out Santa Anna's order to execute them all on Easter Sunday, 1836.
What kind of storm struck Galveston in 1900?
Hurricane
Missions
Intended to Christianize Native Americans, but became a tool for exploiting their labor. Colonial society in New Spain centered around missions.
Chief Bowles
Known as "The Bold Hunter"
Stephen F.Austin
Known as the "Father of Texas".
Stephen F. Austin
Known as the Father of Texas, led the second and ultimately successful colonization of the region by bringing 300 families from the United States.
Plains Indians
Lived on the Great Plain; Hunted buffalo and lived in tepees; nomadic Tribes: Comanches, Apaches and Kiowas
Broad flat-topped land form with steep sides
Mesa
Who was Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna and how did he contribute to Texas?
Mexican dictator and Army General who ordered the deaths of countless Texans he viewed as traitors, but was defeated at San Jacinto and signed the Treaties of Velasco in 1836.
Criollos
Mexican-born descendants of Spaniards during the period of Spanish colonial rule
San Antonio de Valero
Mission established in 1718 in San Antonio. Later known as the Alamo.
3 impacts of Spindletop:
Oil boom, towns boomed, lumber booms
Denton Arthur Cooley
One of the leading heart surgeons in the world.
Causes of the Dust Bowl
Over farming, destruction of grass, severe drought, strong winds
How did the economy lead to calls for reform in the late 1800s?
People wanted to fix problems caused by industrialization.
1519
Pineda maps the Texas coastline, and Cortes conquers the Aztecs
Areas united by one or more common characteristics
Region
What was the importance of Sam Houston's tactical retreat?
Sam Houston did not have enough troops. Additionally, his men lacked the discipline and training of a regular army and some had no guns or ammunition. Houston knew that he could not fight Santa Anna's army with this small, untrained force. As a result, he organized a pullback of his troops from the enemy in order to gain an advantage. Houston wanted to fight Santa Anna in the Anglo part of Texas. He believed the Texans had a better chance in that area. He hoped that volunteers from the Anglo region would swell the ranks of his small army. Houston also thought that the region's many rivers could give him an advantage. It had been a rainy spring, so the rivers were high. Houston could destroy river crossings after he used them to slow down Santa Anna's soldiers. While Santa Anna's forces were being delayed, General Houston taught his soldiers basic skills they would need to fight as a unit.
what was the capital of Austin's colony
San Felipe
Who was Cabeza de Vaca and how did he contribute to Texas?
Spanish explorer who began the Age of Contact by surviving among the Texas natives by trading and practicing as a surgeon.
Corpus Christi de Ysleta
Spanish mission established in 1682 near El Paso.
Friar-
Spanish priest
Conquistador
Spanish soldier and expolorer
Peninsulares
Spanish-born, came to Latin America; ruled, highest social class.
1821
Stephen F. Austin bring the Old 300 to Texas, and Mexico gains independence from Spain
who is considered the father of Texas and why
Stephen s Austin
Who was Juan Seguin and how did he contribute to Texas?
Tejano brothers who believed in the cause of Texas and fought alongside Texans.
1836
Texas gains independence from Mexico
1845
Texas is annexed to the United States
Why was the Alamo a strategic place to hold during the Texan Revolutionary War?
The Alamo was close to the Old San Antonio Road which was one of the two main roads connecting Mexico to the interior of Texas. The fort stood as the only barrier between the Mexican enemy and the Anglo towns north of San Antonio.
Pueblo Indians
The Pueblo Indians lived in the Southwestern Texas. They were Farmers; Their houses were multi-storied buildings made of adobe. Tribes: Tiguas & Jumanos
Why did people in Texas have limited supplies of goods during World War I?
The army needed the supplies.
The "Old 300"?
The first 300 settlers brought to Texas by Stephen F. Austin in 1821
Moses Austin
The first man to obtain permission to bring anglos to America
Why did Texas farmer suffer in the 1920s?
They had rising that and falling prices
Exploration
Travel undertaken in order to discover new resources
Who were the Karankawa Indians and how did they contribute to Texas?
Tribe of the Coastal Plains who built canoes and were skilled fishermen.
Who were the Caddo Tribe and how did they contribute to Texas?
Tribe with dome (beehive) shaped homes and their word for tayshas (friends) is where we got Texas.
Who was Moses Austin and how did he contribute to Texas?
Tried to become the first empresario of Texas, but died before he could fulfill his contract with the Spanish government. His son Stephen went to the Mexican government after his father's death to become an empresario in his place.
Franciscan friar-
a Spanish Catholic priest who lived at a mission
Missionary
a Spanish settlement run by Catholic priests. Native Americans lived there and learned the Spanish way of life
Constitution
a set of rules that guides how a country or state works.
what is the main role of empresarios in Texas
bring the new settlers into an area
why did Moses Austin go to Texas
establish a colony
Battle of Gonzales
fought near Gonzales, Texas on October 1, 1835
Hector P. Garcia
founder of the american GI forum
from what region of the United States did most new settlers come from
southern region
Goliad Massacre
took place in Goliad, Texas on March 27, 1836
Battle of the Alamo
took place in San Antonio, Texas from February 23 to March 6, 1836
Battle of San Jacinto
took place near the San Jacinto River at Buffalo Bayou on April 21,1836
Juan Seguin
was a Tejano political and military leader who helped to establish the independence of Texas and signed its declaration of independence. He lead a group of Tejano scouts who provided information about movements of the Mexican army in Texas and a company of Tejano cavalry and fought with Sam Houston at the Battle of San Jacinto. Sequin was typical of Tejanos who supported Anglo Texans in their revolt against Mexico. He was part of an old established ranching family and had long opposed the consolidation of political power in Mexico City.
Jim Bowie
was a frontiersman and military leader who did not want to abandon the Alamo because the fort stood as the only barrier between the Mexican enemy and the Anglo towns north of San Antonio. He was chosen to lead the militia volunteers at the Battle of the Alamo but fell ill and urged the volunteers to follow William Travis. He was too ill to fight and Mexican soldiers killed him in his bed.
Davy Crockett
was a frontiersman and politician who fought and died at the Battle of the Alamo. His death for the cause of Texas independence gave the rebel movement momentum when it needed it the most.
William Travis
was a lawyer and military leader who was responsible for several acts of agitation against the Mexican government in Texas. He was in command of the Texan forces at the Battle of the Alamo, where he was killed along with all of his men. He held the defenders together in the face of overwhelming odds and did what he could to defend the Alamo.
Sam Houston
was commander of the forces fighting for Texas' independence. He led the Texan Army to victory in the Battle of San Jacinto which effectively ended the war with Mexico and granted Texas its independence. He became the First President of the Republic of Texas.