8 Steps of Policy Making Intro to Public Policy
Adoption can occur in 1 of 4 ways
1) Legislation - bills being passed 2) Executive orders and agreements 3) agencies can adopt them via regulations 4) judicial action
3 choices
1) leave unchanged 2) modification 3) termination
3 streams that arise in stage 2 (agenda building)
1) political stream - includes public opinion, recent elections, swings in public mood 2) problem stream - problem identification stage emerges 3) policy stream - consists of when both policy makers and members of a community voice their proposals
Steps in Order
1) problem Identification 2) agenda building 3) policy formulation 4) policy adoption 5) budgeting 6) implementation 7) policy evaluation 8) policy succession
2 most important things in problem identification (stage 1)
1) setting a clear definition - defining clearly what the problem is 2) perception - defined as registering or receiving an event
Step 2
Agenda Building
________s are how programs are enforced, can go into an existing one or create a new one.
Organization
The fourth step is
Policy Adoption
Third stage
Policy Formulation
5) Budgeting
Where it is determined how funds will be allocated within the proposed policy
Agenda building is the stage where
after identifying an issue, the issue is discussed and seriously considered among policy makers
7) Policy evaluation
analyze how well the policy has done its job
Under Policy evaluation: Systematic
generally considered to be the best; logic and facts
limits to policy formulation (3 A's)
have to be 1) affordable 2) available 3) acceptable
Appropriation Comittees
sets FINAL budget and what WILL be spent
Policy Succession
what happens next to the policy?
First Step
Problem Identification
Point at which streams meet, which is critical for passing policies
Window of Opportunities
6) Implementation
a legal obligation to award benefits to those who meet the established criteria
entitlements are included in budget, they are ____?
a legal obligation to award benefits to those who meet the established criteria
Policy formulation is the stage at which
remedies for the problems are formulated and determined. also considered "policy analysis".
Budget Committees
set targets for expenditures and revenues by passing a budget resolution
Policy adoption is the stage when
there is an emergence and acceptance of a proposal
Policy formulation also contains what tools and goals can be used
tools include 1) inducements 2) rules 3) rights 4) powers 5) facts 6) provisions of powers goals include: 1) security 2) liberty 3) efficiency 4)equity 5) welfare
Under Policy evaluation: Impressionistic or Nonsystematic
uses simple surveys, case studies; tendency to value emotion over data
Possible adopters can include (4)
Congress The President Courts Bureaucracy
Budgeting often utilizes three committees
1) Budgets 2) Authorization 4) Appropriations
Authorization Committees
reauthorize or authorize programs; set MAX that can be spent
