8 Steps of Policy Making Intro to Public Policy

Adoption can occur in 1 of 4 ways

1) Legislation - bills being passed 2) Executive orders and agreements 3) agencies can adopt them via regulations 4) judicial action

3 choices

1) leave unchanged 2) modification 3) termination

3 streams that arise in stage 2 (agenda building)

1) political stream - includes public opinion, recent elections, swings in public mood 2) problem stream - problem identification stage emerges 3) policy stream - consists of when both policy makers and members of a community voice their proposals

Steps in Order

1) problem Identification 2) agenda building 3) policy formulation 4) policy adoption 5) budgeting 6) implementation 7) policy evaluation 8) policy succession

2 most important things in problem identification (stage 1)

1) setting a clear definition - defining clearly what the problem is 2) perception - defined as registering or receiving an event

Step 2

Agenda Building

________s are how programs are enforced, can go into an existing one or create a new one.

Organization

The fourth step is

Policy Adoption

Third stage

Policy Formulation

5) Budgeting

Where it is determined how funds will be allocated within the proposed policy

Agenda building is the stage where

after identifying an issue, the issue is discussed and seriously considered among policy makers

7) Policy evaluation

analyze how well the policy has done its job

Under Policy evaluation: Systematic

generally considered to be the best; logic and facts

limits to policy formulation (3 A's)

have to be 1) affordable 2) available 3) acceptable

Appropriation Comittees

sets FINAL budget and what WILL be spent

Policy Succession

what happens next to the policy?

First Step

Problem Identification

Point at which streams meet, which is critical for passing policies

Window of Opportunities

6) Implementation

a legal obligation to award benefits to those who meet the established criteria

entitlements are included in budget, they are ____?

a legal obligation to award benefits to those who meet the established criteria

Policy formulation is the stage at which

remedies for the problems are formulated and determined. also considered "policy analysis".

Budget Committees

set targets for expenditures and revenues by passing a budget resolution

Policy adoption is the stage when

there is an emergence and acceptance of a proposal

Policy formulation also contains what tools and goals can be used

tools include 1) inducements 2) rules 3) rights 4) powers 5) facts 6) provisions of powers goals include: 1) security 2) liberty 3) efficiency 4)equity 5) welfare

Under Policy evaluation: Impressionistic or Nonsystematic

uses simple surveys, case studies; tendency to value emotion over data

Possible adopters can include (4)

Congress The President Courts Bureaucracy

Budgeting often utilizes three committees

1) Budgets 2) Authorization 4) Appropriations

Authorization Committees

reauthorize or authorize programs; set MAX that can be spent