싸익 81~120 재욱,세은 121~160 민섭, 다현
Approximately _____ of people have an episode of depression at some time in their lives.
10%
Schizophrenia research indicates the identical twin of a schizophrenic is _____ times more likely to show schizophrenic than an unrelated person
46
Anita and Joan are both being treated for breast cancer. Anita is very optimistic about the treatment she is a cancer-recovery support group, while Joan is depressed and has withdrawn from personal contact. What does the research suggest about their survival?
Anita will out survive Joan.
Jonathan always seems relaxed, patient and he rarely gets angry. What might we infer about Jonathan?
He has a strong parasympathetic nervous system.
Which of the following results from giving a diagnostic label to a mental disorder?
Individuals may be treated in terms of their labels instead of as unique cases.
Margie's first reaction to a stressor is to feel sorry for herself. She usually, however, eventually tries problem-solving. What is the best conclusion we can make in regard to Margie?
Margie's use of problem-solving approach should enable her to cope effectively with the stressor.
Lola always seems to be in a hurry and frequently becomes impatient and angry. What might we infer about Lola?
She has a hyper-responsive sympathetic nervous system.
The personality characteristics of hardiness are summarized by the terms
control, challenge, and commitment.
Type A behaviors may be changed through cognitive and behavioral techniques, resulting in reduced risk of
coronary heart disease
A 25-year study of lawyers found that those who scored high on a hostility measure taken in law school were ____ times as likely to die before 50 as classmates who were not hostile.
five
Selye described set of physiological responses that is displayed by all organisms in response to stress called the
general adaptation syndrome.
Schizophrenic symptoms have been divided into positive and negative symptoms. Positive symptoms are characterized by symptoms such as _____, while negative symptoms are characterized by symptoms such as _____.
hallucinations and bizarre behaviors; emotional unresponsiveness and attentional difficulties.
People diagnosed as having personality disorders
have long-standing behavior or a loss of contact with reality.
Children who develop antisocial personality disorder often have parents who are non involved and
hostile
What seems to be the most dangerous emotional component of Type A behavior?
hostility
Biofeedback helps people control tension headaches and similar disorders by providing
immediate information concerning their physical state.
The effectiveness of the functioning of an individual's immune system would best be termed that person's
immuno-competence.
If you display a fearful facial expression during a difficult exam, this facial expression is likely to cause you to experience
increasingly intense feelings of fear.
If human emotional expression is both innately and culturally determined, you would expect a baby born blind to show
innate expressions, but not those that are culturally determined.
Which attributional style in response to negative events is linked to physical illness?
internal, stable, and global
Depression is considered abnormal when
it interferes with the normal conduct of life's business.
Craig is quite harsh in punishing his 6-year-old son. Often he makes fun of the boy and on occasion he has slapped the child for running away from a spanking. Craig may be provoking ____ in his son.
learned helplessness
People who find meaning or growth in traumatic events show ____ than those who do not find meaning or growth
less depression and anxiety
Research indicates that people under stress are more likely to eat poorly and drink alcohol than people not under stress. What effect will this have on the stress? It will make it
less manageable.
What was arbitrarily given a value of 50 and placed in the middle of the "Life Events Scale?"
marriage
Discussing traumas and expressing emotions about them
may help a person's health in a number of ways.
According to your text, biofeedback is effective in treating
migraine and tension headaches
Current biochemical research on schizophrenia focuses on
neurotransmitters.
If Robert became depressed after he lost his job, his reaction would be considered
normal.
Darwin considered that emotional expressions are
not subject to the forces of evolution.
Recent research on the relationship between stress and the likelihood of catching a cold has demonstrated that
people under stress are probably more likely to catch a cold.
The cognitive explanation of phobias maintains that
people with phobias tend to overestimate the degree and likelihood of harm.
The definition of stress is a
perception of threat to a person's well-being.
People with a pessimistic outlook may experience poorer health due to
perceptions of unphysiological reactions to stress which are linked to lowered immune system functioning.
People who react to specific objects in the environment with a fear out of all proportion to any real danger are showing a(n)
phobia.
Cognitive behavioral therapy attempts to help people recognize their ____ responses to stress and modify them.
physiological
Ruminating about stressors can be avoided with
positive social support.
Knowing that a tornado is approaching causes less stress than a tornado appearing without warning because the predictable tornado allows a person to relax before the tornado's onslaught. This is called the
predictability hypothesis
Which behaviors would NOT be considered characteristic of Type A behavior?
procrastinating in doing school work
Physical illness related to emotional stress are called ____ illnesses.
psychophysiological
The best example of a obsession is
recurring thoughts of being contaminated by a disease.
Frank refuses to acknowledge that he has serious marital problems and pushes these thoughts out of conscious awareness. This coping style is called ____ coping.
repressive
When one denies that they have any negative emotions and push those emotions out of conscious awareness they are using
repressive coping.
Kelly has an important exam in her biology class tomorrow. Her sympathetic nervous system is fully active and she is staying up all night to try to cope with the stress of the situation. What phase of the general adaptation syndrome is she currently experiencing?
resistance
When we isolate ourselves to think about how bad we feel we may begin to ____ our problems
ruminate about
Distortion of reality and disorganization of thought, perception, and emotion are characteristic of
schizophrenia.
Anxiety is considered abnormal only when it occurs in
situations that most people can handle with little difficulty.
Air pollution, natural disasters, and the death of a loved one are all potential
stressors.
Problem-focused coping deals primarily with the ____, whereas emotion-focused coping methods concentrate more on the ____.
stressors; stress-response.
The underlying theme for all obsessive-compulsive behaviors is
the inability to trust one's senses and judgment.
Recent studies of the immune system show that
the system can be impaired by uncontrollable stress.
A false belief maintained despite contradictory evidence or experience is a(n)
delusion.
Current research suggests that people who take active steps to solve their problems are less likely to experience ____ following negative life events.
depression
Meditation may be an effective technique for reducing
depression
Although Nadia appears to be normal and successful, she may still be considered abnormal if she
deviates from social norms.
Research indicates that facial expression may exert its influence on emotional experience
directly, by providing cognitive feedback to the individual about the true nature of the emotion he or she is experiencing.
When person is frustrated by one source and directs an aggressive act toward an innocent person or object instead, the aggression is said to be
displaced.
Maria deals with stress by going to the movies with her friends. She is employing a ____ strategy for coping with stress.
distraction
Abnormalities of which neurotransmitter appear to be related to the symptoms of schizophrenia?
dopamine
The factory where Mark has worked for 30 years is closing. Mark attempts to reduce his anxiety by drinking more than usual. Mark's behavior illustrates
emotion-focused coping.
Adults and infants would differ in emotional expression in what way?
Basic details of expression are similar in adults and children, but adults have learned when and how to express emotions.
Research suggests that an adult who was assaulted as a child will be twice as likely as someone who was not assaulted to show
aggressive behavior.
Sandy feels intense anxiety if she leaves the safety of her own home. It began with Sandy feeling intense anxiety while she was in the parking lot of a local shopping mall, so she stopped going to the mall. Then she began feeling intense anxiety in her front yard when she went to get the mail, so she stopped going outside. Sandy's behavior can be classified as
agoraphobia.
It is sometimes useful to classify abnormal behaviors because it
allows mental health professionals to communicate quickly
You are having an hallucination if you believe that your tennis shoes
are actually dancing all by themselves.
Which of the following is the type of hallucination is most common in schizophrenia?
auditory
In the study addressing the effects on cognitive style and earthquakes, those who used rumination before an earthquake were more likely to ____ after the quake.
be depressed
Stress can be reduced if events are
believed to be controllable, even if we never exercise that control.
Genes, brain chemicals, neurotransmitters, and a variety of drugs are among the research interests of theorists holding a _____ view.
biological
A person whose mood, self-concept, and interpersonal relationships are all very unstable might be characterized as having
borderline personality.
Studies of people attempting to identify emotional reactions in photographs of individuals from other cultures have shown that
certain facial expressions have a universal meaning.
Which of the following is most consistent with the James-Lange theory of emotions?
We feel frightened because we tremble.
What stress-reduction techniques work best with Type A behavior?
a combination of behavioral and cognitive techniques
Most people who show bipolar disorder may have
a family history of the disorder.
The most important factor in hardiness appears to be
a feeling of control in life.
Lucy started remodeling the bathroom at 3:00 a.m. on Monday. It is now 11:00 p.m. on Tuesday and she is still going strong. She hasn't taken a break all day and says she doesn't intend to take one until the bathroom is completely finished. If Lucy's behavior continues, her diagnosis would most likely be
a manic episode.
Stan is terrified in social situations. He especially fears speaking and eating in public places. His behavior exemplifies
a social anxiety disorder.
What area of the brain is enlarged in patients with schizophrenia?
ventricles
Persons with panic disorder probably have a genetic or biochemical predisposition to show the disorder. When environmental conditions and cognitive factors combine with this predisposition, the person may show panic disorder. This description describes what model of mental disorders?
vulnerability-stress
Stringing meaningful words together in a nonsensical fashion is an example of the schizophrenic symptom known as
word salad.