싸익 81~120 재욱,세은 121~160 민섭, 다현

Approximately _____ of people have an episode of depression at some time in their lives.

10%

Schizophrenia research indicates the identical twin of a schizophrenic is _____ times more likely to show schizophrenic than an unrelated person

46

Anita and Joan are both being treated for breast cancer. Anita is very optimistic about the treatment she is a cancer-recovery support group, while Joan is depressed and has withdrawn from personal contact. What does the research suggest about their survival?

Anita will out survive Joan.

Jonathan always seems relaxed, patient and he rarely gets angry. What might we infer about Jonathan?

He has a strong parasympathetic nervous system.

Which of the following results from giving a diagnostic label to a mental disorder?

Individuals may be treated in terms of their labels instead of as unique cases.

Margie's first reaction to a stressor is to feel sorry for herself. She usually, however, eventually tries problem-solving. What is the best conclusion we can make in regard to Margie?

Margie's use of problem-solving approach should enable her to cope effectively with the stressor.

Lola always seems to be in a hurry and frequently becomes impatient and angry. What might we infer about Lola?

She has a hyper-responsive sympathetic nervous system.

The personality characteristics of hardiness are summarized by the terms

control, challenge, and commitment.

Type A behaviors may be changed through cognitive and behavioral techniques, resulting in reduced risk of

coronary heart disease

A 25-year study of lawyers found that those who scored high on a hostility measure taken in law school were ____ times as likely to die before 50 as classmates who were not hostile.

five

Selye described set of physiological responses that is displayed by all organisms in response to stress called the

general adaptation syndrome.

Schizophrenic symptoms have been divided into positive and negative symptoms. Positive symptoms are characterized by symptoms such as _____, while negative symptoms are characterized by symptoms such as _____.

hallucinations and bizarre behaviors; emotional unresponsiveness and attentional difficulties.

People diagnosed as having personality disorders

have long-standing behavior or a loss of contact with reality.

Children who develop antisocial personality disorder often have parents who are non involved and

hostile

What seems to be the most dangerous emotional component of Type A behavior?

hostility

Biofeedback helps people control tension headaches and similar disorders by providing

immediate information concerning their physical state.

The effectiveness of the functioning of an individual's immune system would best be termed that person's

immuno-competence.

If you display a fearful facial expression during a difficult exam, this facial expression is likely to cause you to experience

increasingly intense feelings of fear.

If human emotional expression is both innately and culturally determined, you would expect a baby born blind to show

innate expressions, but not those that are culturally determined.

Which attributional style in response to negative events is linked to physical illness?

internal, stable, and global

Depression is considered abnormal when

it interferes with the normal conduct of life's business.

Craig is quite harsh in punishing his 6-year-old son. Often he makes fun of the boy and on occasion he has slapped the child for running away from a spanking. Craig may be provoking ____ in his son.

learned helplessness

People who find meaning or growth in traumatic events show ____ than those who do not find meaning or growth

less depression and anxiety

Research indicates that people under stress are more likely to eat poorly and drink alcohol than people not under stress. What effect will this have on the stress? It will make it

less manageable.

What was arbitrarily given a value of 50 and placed in the middle of the "Life Events Scale?"

marriage

Discussing traumas and expressing emotions about them

may help a person's health in a number of ways.

According to your text, biofeedback is effective in treating

migraine and tension headaches

Current biochemical research on schizophrenia focuses on

neurotransmitters.

If Robert became depressed after he lost his job, his reaction would be considered

normal.

Darwin considered that emotional expressions are

not subject to the forces of evolution.

Recent research on the relationship between stress and the likelihood of catching a cold has demonstrated that

people under stress are probably more likely to catch a cold.

The cognitive explanation of phobias maintains that

people with phobias tend to overestimate the degree and likelihood of harm.

The definition of stress is a

perception of threat to a person's well-being.

People with a pessimistic outlook may experience poorer health due to

perceptions of unphysiological reactions to stress which are linked to lowered immune system functioning.

People who react to specific objects in the environment with a fear out of all proportion to any real danger are showing a(n)

phobia.

Cognitive behavioral therapy attempts to help people recognize their ____ responses to stress and modify them.

physiological

Ruminating about stressors can be avoided with

positive social support.

Knowing that a tornado is approaching causes less stress than a tornado appearing without warning because the predictable tornado allows a person to relax before the tornado's onslaught. This is called the

predictability hypothesis

Which behaviors would NOT be considered characteristic of Type A behavior?

procrastinating in doing school work

Physical illness related to emotional stress are called ____ illnesses.

psychophysiological

The best example of a obsession is

recurring thoughts of being contaminated by a disease.

Frank refuses to acknowledge that he has serious marital problems and pushes these thoughts out of conscious awareness. This coping style is called ____ coping.

repressive

When one denies that they have any negative emotions and push those emotions out of conscious awareness they are using

repressive coping.

Kelly has an important exam in her biology class tomorrow. Her sympathetic nervous system is fully active and she is staying up all night to try to cope with the stress of the situation. What phase of the general adaptation syndrome is she currently experiencing?

resistance

When we isolate ourselves to think about how bad we feel we may begin to ____ our problems

ruminate about

Distortion of reality and disorganization of thought, perception, and emotion are characteristic of

schizophrenia.

Anxiety is considered abnormal only when it occurs in

situations that most people can handle with little difficulty.

Air pollution, natural disasters, and the death of a loved one are all potential

stressors.

Problem-focused coping deals primarily with the ____, whereas emotion-focused coping methods concentrate more on the ____.

stressors; stress-response.

The underlying theme for all obsessive-compulsive behaviors is

the inability to trust one's senses and judgment.

Recent studies of the immune system show that

the system can be impaired by uncontrollable stress.

A false belief maintained despite contradictory evidence or experience is a(n)

delusion.

Current research suggests that people who take active steps to solve their problems are less likely to experience ____ following negative life events.

depression

Meditation may be an effective technique for reducing

depression

Although Nadia appears to be normal and successful, she may still be considered abnormal if she

deviates from social norms.

Research indicates that facial expression may exert its influence on emotional experience

directly, by providing cognitive feedback to the individual about the true nature of the emotion he or she is experiencing.

When person is frustrated by one source and directs an aggressive act toward an innocent person or object instead, the aggression is said to be

displaced.

Maria deals with stress by going to the movies with her friends. She is employing a ____ strategy for coping with stress.

distraction

Abnormalities of which neurotransmitter appear to be related to the symptoms of schizophrenia?

dopamine

The factory where Mark has worked for 30 years is closing. Mark attempts to reduce his anxiety by drinking more than usual. Mark's behavior illustrates

emotion-focused coping.

Adults and infants would differ in emotional expression in what way?

Basic details of expression are similar in adults and children, but adults have learned when and how to express emotions.

Research suggests that an adult who was assaulted as a child will be twice as likely as someone who was not assaulted to show

aggressive behavior.

Sandy feels intense anxiety if she leaves the safety of her own home. It began with Sandy feeling intense anxiety while she was in the parking lot of a local shopping mall, so she stopped going to the mall. Then she began feeling intense anxiety in her front yard when she went to get the mail, so she stopped going outside. Sandy's behavior can be classified as

agoraphobia.

It is sometimes useful to classify abnormal behaviors because it

allows mental health professionals to communicate quickly

You are having an hallucination if you believe that your tennis shoes

are actually dancing all by themselves.

Which of the following is the type of hallucination is most common in schizophrenia?

auditory

In the study addressing the effects on cognitive style and earthquakes, those who used rumination before an earthquake were more likely to ____ after the quake.

be depressed

Stress can be reduced if events are

believed to be controllable, even if we never exercise that control.

Genes, brain chemicals, neurotransmitters, and a variety of drugs are among the research interests of theorists holding a _____ view.

biological

A person whose mood, self-concept, and interpersonal relationships are all very unstable might be characterized as having

borderline personality.

Studies of people attempting to identify emotional reactions in photographs of individuals from other cultures have shown that

certain facial expressions have a universal meaning.

Which of the following is most consistent with the James-Lange theory of emotions?

We feel frightened because we tremble.

What stress-reduction techniques work best with Type A behavior?

a combination of behavioral and cognitive techniques

Most people who show bipolar disorder may have

a family history of the disorder.

The most important factor in hardiness appears to be

a feeling of control in life.

Lucy started remodeling the bathroom at 3:00 a.m. on Monday. It is now 11:00 p.m. on Tuesday and she is still going strong. She hasn't taken a break all day and says she doesn't intend to take one until the bathroom is completely finished. If Lucy's behavior continues, her diagnosis would most likely be

a manic episode.

Stan is terrified in social situations. He especially fears speaking and eating in public places. His behavior exemplifies

a social anxiety disorder.

What area of the brain is enlarged in patients with schizophrenia?

ventricles

Persons with panic disorder probably have a genetic or biochemical predisposition to show the disorder. When environmental conditions and cognitive factors combine with this predisposition, the person may show panic disorder. This description describes what model of mental disorders?

vulnerability-stress

Stringing meaningful words together in a nonsensical fashion is an example of the schizophrenic symptom known as

word salad.