8.L.1.2 Epidemic & Pandemic

The measles vaccine has greatly reduced the number of viral infections.

Epidemic measles outbreaks were once common, but their occurrence has greatly diminished. Which best explains this?

Quarantines keep infected individuals separate so they cannot pass the disease to others.

How are quarantines used to slow the spread of an epidemic?

by preventing transmission between people

How can the rate of an infectious disease be drastically reduced?

They use computer modeling, cell culture, animal models, and clinical trials in humans.

How do scientists best analyze data about epidemics and pandemics?

The monkey bites a human.

If a monkey is a vector for an infectious disease, which best describes how it transmits into the human population and becomes an epidemic?

The influenza outbreak was a pandemic. The plague outbreak was an epidemic.

In 1918, an outbreak of influenza infected 500,000 people all over the world. Tens of millions of those infected died. In 1994, an outbreak of pneumonic plague spread quickly through the city of Surat in India, killing 52 people. Which statement best describes the two events?

No, because cancer is not contagious.

Millions of people living all over the world have cancer. Is cancer a pandemic?

isolating all carriers

Which action would most quickly reduce the spread of an infectious disease?

penicillin

Which antibiotic was developed from a fungus and has been used to cure many illnesses that could have led to epidemics?

transportation

Which aspect of modern life could most likely cause an epidemic to turn into a pandemic?

An epidemic affects a small population of humans, while a pandemic affects a large population of humans.

Which best compares an epidemic and a pandemic?

Neither is easily treated because viral infections are easier to prevent than they are to treat.

Which best describes treatments for viral epidemics and viral pandemics?

Infectious diseases can be spread from one organism to another; noninfectious diseases cannot.

Which best distinguishes an infectious disease from a noninfectious disease?

lack of understanding as to how the disease is spread

Which best explains why a contagious disease is likely to become an epidemic?

HIV

Which disease would be an example of a current pandemic?

cholera

Which epidemic could best be treated by antibiotics?

water treatment

Which has made the most significant difference to reduce the spread of epidemics and pandemics worldwide?

increased global travel

Which has made the possibility of an epidemic becoming a pandemic much more likely in the 20th century?

dengue fever in an African village

Which is an example of an epidemic?

The virus must be inside a living cell.

Which is the best requirement for viruses to reproduce?

A mosquito can spread malaria but not be sick with the disease.

Which most accurately describes what makes a mosquito a vector?

contact with an infected animal

Which most likely spreads diseases such as rabies or Lyme disease?

number of food producers involved

Which poses the greatest challenge for researchers when attempting to locate the source of a nationwide food-based salmonella outbreak?

pandemic

Which term refers to the spread of disease across a large region or sometimes worldwide?

mosquito

Which vector could lead to a malaria epidemic?

A disease spreads through humans across multiple continents.

Which will most likely lead to a disease outbreak being classified as a pandemic?

increased use of pesticides

Which would be the most beneficial method of preventing a malaria epidemic in Africa?

Have all students wash their hands regularly with soap.

Which would most likely prevent a cold virus from spreading through a classroom?

vector

A mosquito can spread the West Nile Virus but remains unaffected by the disease. Which best describes the mosquito?

bacteria

Vinegar is often used as a household cleaning agent. Which will a solution of vinegar and water most likely kill?