BSC1005 EXAM 4

the three domains of life are

Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya

which of the following is the correct way to write a scientific name

Homo sapien (italicized)

a feature that sets animals apart from the plants and fungi is

animals can move while plants and fungi cannot

what are the yellowish orange structures that produce pollen

anthers

in deuterstomes, the ___________ develops from the blastopore

anus

plants need additional support to adapt to life on land. roots and stems grown from a special tissue known as

apical meristem

during a dramatic shift in climate, a new species evolved from an ancestral species. this would be an example of a

branch point

all nonvascular plants are collectively known as ____________

bryophytes

Canis lupus is the scientific name for the gray wolf. What category of classification is Canis?

canis latrans

name the female reproductive part of a flower consisting of the stigma, style, and ovary.

carpel

members of the phylum __________ have bilaterally symmetrical larvae but exhibit secondary radial symmetry as adults, usually organized around five rays, or "arms"

echinodermata

members of the phylum _____________ have bilaterally symmetrical larvae but exhibit secondary radial symmetry as adults, usually organized around five rays, or "arms"

echinodermata

deuterostomes include the phyla

echinodermata and chordata

all chordates possess the following characteristics at some point during their life EXCEPT

endoskeleton composed of bone

amphibia include

frogs, caecilians, and salamanders

fungal filament composed of one or more cells

hypha

what taxonomic rank is the second largest number of organism?

kingdom

order primates of class mammalia includes

lemurs, monkeys and the apes, and tarsiers

which of the following are seedless and nonvascular, and likely appeared early ini land plant evolution?

liverworts, bryophytes, mosses and hornworts

a characteristic seen ONLY in mammals is

mammary glands

the first land plants most likely colonized environments that were __________ in order to prevent drying out.

moist

which of the following best describes respiration of adult amphibians

most amphibians lack lungs and must respire through their skin

in protostomes, the _______ develops from the blastopore

mouth

most animals possess specialized tissues. this makes animals __________ organisms

multicellular

term that describes the close association of a fungus with the root of a tree

mychorrhiza

bryophytes lack xylem and phloem, therefore, they are tested to as _________ plants.

nonvascular

in the Linnaean system, families are grouped into

order

what do scientists in the field of systematics accomplish?

organize and classify organisms

the producer of antibiotic, penicillin is

penicillium notatum

saprobes are essential to life on earth because they

recycle dead organic material to produce inorganic compounds

what are the characteristics feature of reptiles?

reptiles lay shelled eggs on land, reptiles are ectotherms, reptiles converse valuable body water by excreting nitrogen in the form of uric acid paste

which of the following structures are not found in bryophytes?

root

which statement about the taxonomic classification system is correct?

species are the most specific category of classification

example of an asymmetrical animal

sponge

a valencia orange comes from a tree with 9 pairs of chromosomes, since the plant's chromosomes are paired, you know that the plant bearing fruit must be a _____________ representing the dominant stage in this organism.

sporophyte

in seedless vascular plants, ________ is the dominant stage of the cycle, while in seedless nonvascular plants, the __________ is the dominant stage.

sporophyte, gametophyte

true or false. the Linnaean system of classification consists of a hierarchy of groupings in which the taxons are organized hierarchically.

true

true/false. the amniotes include reptiles, birds, and mammals

true

the scientist credited for developing the modern system of classification is

Linnaeus

fungi benefits the soil by

adding bulk and help retain water and nutrients

plants had to evolve ways to move the male gametes through the ____________ since swimming was no longer an option.

air

which of the following must be true to be considered a chordate?

all chordates must have gill slits at some point during their life

which of the following categories of plants has a dominant sporophyte stage?

all vascular plantts

the first terrestrial animals were the

amphibians

which of the following is not a feature common to most animals

asexual reproduction

which of the following are similar regarding the regulation of body temperature

aves and mammalia

only organisms that exhibit ____________ _____________ can be a protostome or deuterostome

bilateral symmetry

in your biology lab, it was discovered that students from a previous term were not careful with their microscope slides and some of the slides lost their labels or were illegible. since you are such a bright student, your instructor asks you to first sort the unlabeled slides into plant vs animal cells. which of the following features could be used to positively identify animal cells over plant cells?

cell membrane, mitochondria, cytoplasm/cytosol, and nucleus

what statement best describes the relationship between chimpanzees and humans?

chimpanzees and humans evolved from a common ancestor

which polysaccharide is usually found in the cell walls of fungi?

chitin

echinoderms are mere closely related to the phylum __________ than any other phylum

chordata

deuterostotmes

chordates and echinoderms

all life on earth evolved from a

common ancestor

the ________ part of the flower would be brightly colored to attract pollinators.

corolla

the ___________ are often mistaken for tropical palm trees

cycads

alternation of generations in plants refers to the alternation of _____________ and ____________ stages.

diploid, haploid

hierarchy of classification, from high to low.

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species

both members of the phylum echinodermata and phylum chordata are

dueterostomes

what does the term phylogeny describe?

evolutionary history

true or false. scientists recognize organisms in three domains: plants, animals, and protists.

false

which of the following contain vascular tissue?

ferns

which of the following illustrates a major advantage of angiosperms over gymnosperms?

flowers evolved as a way to attract animals to help in pollen dispersal

the angiosperms' success can be attributed to the production of _________ and _________ .

flowers, fruits

as more and more species of plants colonized the land, they provided a source of _____________ for animals, and evolved strategies to protect themselves from the animals.

food

plants are a source of

food, fuel, and medicine

after spores are released and settle in a habitable environment, they can begin dividing and growing into a ______________

gametophyte

the _________ gamete generation is dominant in bryophytes

gametophyte

the characteristic features of chordata are

pharyngeal slits and a post anal tail, a notochord, and a dorsal hollow nerve cord

leaves are the sites of photosynthesis in many plants. leaves require water from the roots for photosynthesis but other non-photosynthetic cells contained in stems and roots require sugars that are produced by photosynthesis. which tissue is responsible for transporting the photosynthetic products to other non-photosynthetic cells?

phloem

a "map" of organismal evolutionary relationships is called?

phylogenetic tree

which of the following statements best describes the term branch point?

point on a phylogenetic tree where a single lineage splits to a distinct new ones

bryophytes such as mosses and pterophytes such as ferns require water for gamete dispersal since only their male gametes can spread by swimming through water using their flagellum. gymnosperms use ______________, which is resistant to drying out and can spread easily through air as a way to disperse their gametes.

pollen

which of the following were adaptations acquired by gymnosperms that were not acquired ini bryophytes such as mosses and pterophytes such as ferns?

pollen

how is pollen different than a seed?

pollen contains cells that only have one copy of all the genetic material of the organism, while seeds contain cells that have two copies of all the genetic material of the organism.

why were plants important to the evolution of animals?

produce oxygen and provide the ultimate source of food

the terrestrial echinoderm does not include

sand dollars, sea stars, and brittle stars

________ reproduction provides adaptive advantage to the survival of population by increasing genetic variation

sexual

pistil is to a female as a _________ is to a male.

stamen

red structures here are part of the female reproductive organ and can be harvested to be used as a spice. what is the name of the structure at the very tip of the red stalk?

stigma

the _________ is sticky, so pollen will attach to the pistil

stigma

the ability to grow great heights allowed plants to compete for

sunlight

the larval stage of a frog is ____________

tadpole

as plants evolved, some plants gained adaptations allowing them to grow taller. this provides an advantage primarily because

tall trees have access to greater amounts of sunlight

what the discipline of assigning scientific names to organisms is called?

taxonomy

many plant derived drugs including caffeine, cocaine, and opium are just some of the alkaloids produced by plants. collectively alkaloids serve as an evolutionary adaptation...

that deters animals from consuming them due to unpleasant or even lethal side effects.

the success of reptiles on land can be attributed to

the amniotic egg, which allows reproduction to occur independent of water

pollen grains develop in which structure?

the anther

which of the following traits characterizes gymnosperms?

the plants carry exposed seeds on modified leaves

which are the following structures in a flower is not directly involved in reproduction?

the sepal

which of the following is not a characteristic found in most plants?

they do not stop growing, they have chloroplasts in at least some of their cells, they reproduce sexually, and most but not all produce seeds.

most bryophytes never formed forests [mats maybe, but not forests] because:

they have limited adaptations for preventing drying out

why are fungi important decomposers?

they recycle carbon and inorganic minerals by the process of decomposition

saccharomyces cerevisiae is important to humans because it

uses sugars to produce CO2 during bread making

______________ tissue evolved as an efficient way to transport material throughout a plant's body.

vascular

as plants adapted to life on land, specialized tissue to transport material throughout the plant. this is known as ___________ tissue.

vascular

seedless __________ plants were able to grow very tall due to the presence of xylem and phloem

vascular

which of the following describes an adaptation that contain tubelike structures which have evolved for the efficient transport of liquid material throughout a plant's body?

vascular tissue

the sperm cells of bryophytes contain flagella. this means that ____________ is required for reproduction

water

let's say you were a multicellular photosynthetic protist living in a pond 400 million years ago and many of your neighbors began moving onto land and suggested you should come too. which of the following would not be a valid reason to stay in water?

water magnifies light so I get more sun underwater than on land.

which of the following traits of land plants protects the leaves and stems from drying out?

way cuticle

the seedless vascular plants include ____________

whisk ferns, club mosses, horsetails and ferns

pollen from the male pine cone reaches the ovule in the female pine cone with the help of

wind

leaves are the sites of photosynthesis in many plants. leaves require water from the roots for photosynthesis. which tissue is responsible for transporting water for this purpose?

xylem

____________ transports water and dissolved minerals, while ________ transports the products of photosynthesis.

xylem, phloem