BSC1005 EXAM 4
the three domains of life are
Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya
which of the following is the correct way to write a scientific name
Homo sapien (italicized)
a feature that sets animals apart from the plants and fungi is
animals can move while plants and fungi cannot
what are the yellowish orange structures that produce pollen
anthers
in deuterstomes, the ___________ develops from the blastopore
anus
plants need additional support to adapt to life on land. roots and stems grown from a special tissue known as
apical meristem
during a dramatic shift in climate, a new species evolved from an ancestral species. this would be an example of a
branch point
all nonvascular plants are collectively known as ____________
bryophytes
Canis lupus is the scientific name for the gray wolf. What category of classification is Canis?
canis latrans
name the female reproductive part of a flower consisting of the stigma, style, and ovary.
carpel
members of the phylum __________ have bilaterally symmetrical larvae but exhibit secondary radial symmetry as adults, usually organized around five rays, or "arms"
echinodermata
members of the phylum _____________ have bilaterally symmetrical larvae but exhibit secondary radial symmetry as adults, usually organized around five rays, or "arms"
echinodermata
deuterostomes include the phyla
echinodermata and chordata
all chordates possess the following characteristics at some point during their life EXCEPT
endoskeleton composed of bone
amphibia include
frogs, caecilians, and salamanders
fungal filament composed of one or more cells
hypha
what taxonomic rank is the second largest number of organism?
kingdom
order primates of class mammalia includes
lemurs, monkeys and the apes, and tarsiers
which of the following are seedless and nonvascular, and likely appeared early ini land plant evolution?
liverworts, bryophytes, mosses and hornworts
a characteristic seen ONLY in mammals is
mammary glands
the first land plants most likely colonized environments that were __________ in order to prevent drying out.
moist
which of the following best describes respiration of adult amphibians
most amphibians lack lungs and must respire through their skin
in protostomes, the _______ develops from the blastopore
mouth
most animals possess specialized tissues. this makes animals __________ organisms
multicellular
term that describes the close association of a fungus with the root of a tree
mychorrhiza
bryophytes lack xylem and phloem, therefore, they are tested to as _________ plants.
nonvascular
in the Linnaean system, families are grouped into
order
what do scientists in the field of systematics accomplish?
organize and classify organisms
the producer of antibiotic, penicillin is
penicillium notatum
saprobes are essential to life on earth because they
recycle dead organic material to produce inorganic compounds
what are the characteristics feature of reptiles?
reptiles lay shelled eggs on land, reptiles are ectotherms, reptiles converse valuable body water by excreting nitrogen in the form of uric acid paste
which of the following structures are not found in bryophytes?
root
which statement about the taxonomic classification system is correct?
species are the most specific category of classification
example of an asymmetrical animal
sponge
a valencia orange comes from a tree with 9 pairs of chromosomes, since the plant's chromosomes are paired, you know that the plant bearing fruit must be a _____________ representing the dominant stage in this organism.
sporophyte
in seedless vascular plants, ________ is the dominant stage of the cycle, while in seedless nonvascular plants, the __________ is the dominant stage.
sporophyte, gametophyte
true or false. the Linnaean system of classification consists of a hierarchy of groupings in which the taxons are organized hierarchically.
true
true/false. the amniotes include reptiles, birds, and mammals
true
the scientist credited for developing the modern system of classification is
Linnaeus
fungi benefits the soil by
adding bulk and help retain water and nutrients
plants had to evolve ways to move the male gametes through the ____________ since swimming was no longer an option.
air
which of the following must be true to be considered a chordate?
all chordates must have gill slits at some point during their life
which of the following categories of plants has a dominant sporophyte stage?
all vascular plantts
the first terrestrial animals were the
amphibians
which of the following is not a feature common to most animals
asexual reproduction
which of the following are similar regarding the regulation of body temperature
aves and mammalia
only organisms that exhibit ____________ _____________ can be a protostome or deuterostome
bilateral symmetry
in your biology lab, it was discovered that students from a previous term were not careful with their microscope slides and some of the slides lost their labels or were illegible. since you are such a bright student, your instructor asks you to first sort the unlabeled slides into plant vs animal cells. which of the following features could be used to positively identify animal cells over plant cells?
cell membrane, mitochondria, cytoplasm/cytosol, and nucleus
what statement best describes the relationship between chimpanzees and humans?
chimpanzees and humans evolved from a common ancestor
which polysaccharide is usually found in the cell walls of fungi?
chitin
echinoderms are mere closely related to the phylum __________ than any other phylum
chordata
deuterostotmes
chordates and echinoderms
all life on earth evolved from a
common ancestor
the ________ part of the flower would be brightly colored to attract pollinators.
corolla
the ___________ are often mistaken for tropical palm trees
cycads
alternation of generations in plants refers to the alternation of _____________ and ____________ stages.
diploid, haploid
hierarchy of classification, from high to low.
domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species
both members of the phylum echinodermata and phylum chordata are
dueterostomes
what does the term phylogeny describe?
evolutionary history
true or false. scientists recognize organisms in three domains: plants, animals, and protists.
false
which of the following contain vascular tissue?
ferns
which of the following illustrates a major advantage of angiosperms over gymnosperms?
flowers evolved as a way to attract animals to help in pollen dispersal
the angiosperms' success can be attributed to the production of _________ and _________ .
flowers, fruits
as more and more species of plants colonized the land, they provided a source of _____________ for animals, and evolved strategies to protect themselves from the animals.
food
plants are a source of
food, fuel, and medicine
after spores are released and settle in a habitable environment, they can begin dividing and growing into a ______________
gametophyte
the _________ gamete generation is dominant in bryophytes
gametophyte
the characteristic features of chordata are
pharyngeal slits and a post anal tail, a notochord, and a dorsal hollow nerve cord
leaves are the sites of photosynthesis in many plants. leaves require water from the roots for photosynthesis but other non-photosynthetic cells contained in stems and roots require sugars that are produced by photosynthesis. which tissue is responsible for transporting the photosynthetic products to other non-photosynthetic cells?
phloem
a "map" of organismal evolutionary relationships is called?
phylogenetic tree
which of the following statements best describes the term branch point?
point on a phylogenetic tree where a single lineage splits to a distinct new ones
bryophytes such as mosses and pterophytes such as ferns require water for gamete dispersal since only their male gametes can spread by swimming through water using their flagellum. gymnosperms use ______________, which is resistant to drying out and can spread easily through air as a way to disperse their gametes.
pollen
which of the following were adaptations acquired by gymnosperms that were not acquired ini bryophytes such as mosses and pterophytes such as ferns?
pollen
how is pollen different than a seed?
pollen contains cells that only have one copy of all the genetic material of the organism, while seeds contain cells that have two copies of all the genetic material of the organism.
why were plants important to the evolution of animals?
produce oxygen and provide the ultimate source of food
the terrestrial echinoderm does not include
sand dollars, sea stars, and brittle stars
________ reproduction provides adaptive advantage to the survival of population by increasing genetic variation
sexual
pistil is to a female as a _________ is to a male.
stamen
red structures here are part of the female reproductive organ and can be harvested to be used as a spice. what is the name of the structure at the very tip of the red stalk?
stigma
the _________ is sticky, so pollen will attach to the pistil
stigma
the ability to grow great heights allowed plants to compete for
sunlight
the larval stage of a frog is ____________
tadpole
as plants evolved, some plants gained adaptations allowing them to grow taller. this provides an advantage primarily because
tall trees have access to greater amounts of sunlight
what the discipline of assigning scientific names to organisms is called?
taxonomy
many plant derived drugs including caffeine, cocaine, and opium are just some of the alkaloids produced by plants. collectively alkaloids serve as an evolutionary adaptation...
that deters animals from consuming them due to unpleasant or even lethal side effects.
the success of reptiles on land can be attributed to
the amniotic egg, which allows reproduction to occur independent of water
pollen grains develop in which structure?
the anther
which of the following traits characterizes gymnosperms?
the plants carry exposed seeds on modified leaves
which are the following structures in a flower is not directly involved in reproduction?
the sepal
which of the following is not a characteristic found in most plants?
they do not stop growing, they have chloroplasts in at least some of their cells, they reproduce sexually, and most but not all produce seeds.
most bryophytes never formed forests [mats maybe, but not forests] because:
they have limited adaptations for preventing drying out
why are fungi important decomposers?
they recycle carbon and inorganic minerals by the process of decomposition
saccharomyces cerevisiae is important to humans because it
uses sugars to produce CO2 during bread making
______________ tissue evolved as an efficient way to transport material throughout a plant's body.
vascular
as plants adapted to life on land, specialized tissue to transport material throughout the plant. this is known as ___________ tissue.
vascular
seedless __________ plants were able to grow very tall due to the presence of xylem and phloem
vascular
which of the following describes an adaptation that contain tubelike structures which have evolved for the efficient transport of liquid material throughout a plant's body?
vascular tissue
the sperm cells of bryophytes contain flagella. this means that ____________ is required for reproduction
water
let's say you were a multicellular photosynthetic protist living in a pond 400 million years ago and many of your neighbors began moving onto land and suggested you should come too. which of the following would not be a valid reason to stay in water?
water magnifies light so I get more sun underwater than on land.
which of the following traits of land plants protects the leaves and stems from drying out?
way cuticle
the seedless vascular plants include ____________
whisk ferns, club mosses, horsetails and ferns
pollen from the male pine cone reaches the ovule in the female pine cone with the help of
wind
leaves are the sites of photosynthesis in many plants. leaves require water from the roots for photosynthesis. which tissue is responsible for transporting water for this purpose?
xylem
____________ transports water and dissolved minerals, while ________ transports the products of photosynthesis.
xylem, phloem