9 weeks test short answer

L3 1. Explain how maritime trade led to Aksum's growth. How did Aksum's location and interaction with other regions affect its development? Why did the kingdom of Aksum decline? According to legend, what is the connection between Israel's King Solomon and Arabia's Queen of Sheba?

Aksum was located perfectly for maritime and land trade. It was between the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. People traveling from one location to the other must go through Aksum for trade routes. They had access to new ideas and materials to expand their kingdom. The kingdom declined because the invasion of Muslims, isolation geographically, and the depletion of resources. They lost control of the Red Sea, forests, and their trading. Legend says that King Solomon and Queen of Sheba's son was the first Aksum King.

L4 2. Describe how Sundiata and Mansa Musa advanced Mali. What are some similarities between Sundiata and Mansa Musa? Why did the people of Mali most likely revere Sundiata?

Both are great/strong leaders, skilled in the military leaders, and had administrators. Sundiata was a great leader even in times of peace after taking over Ghana. He put administrators in charge of finance, defence, and foreign affairs. Mansa Musa took and expanded Mali and governed fairly. He built mosques and the city of Timbuktu. Both controlled the gold-salt trade.

L5 2. Explain how Islam influenced East African people. How is Swahili an example of cultural interaction? What did the Arab Muslims trade on the East African coast?

Introduction of Arabic speaking and Bantu speaking language. Asia and Africa mix. Easier to understand with a common language. Mosques and Sultans in cities. Merchants trade with local villages. Luxury goods being traded for enslaved persons of other Muslim nations for domestic servants. Places include Persia, China, India, and Iraq.

L5 3. Identify Great Zimbabwe and explain its significance. Based on the archaeological evidence, what was the society of Great Zimbabwe like? Why was the location that the Shona people chose for their civilization an ideal one?

Several social classes emerge. From archaeologists we know the elite lived in separate compounds and ate beef. Commoners raised cattle and farmed they ate sheep and goat. Area was between the Zambezi and Limpop rivers which provided fertile soil and water. In the center of trade routes and gold mines. Taxed traders who used the routes. Chose Zimbabwe because of economic, political, and religious center.

L3 2. What are the achievements of Aksum? What can be determined about Aksum based on its trading patterns? How did Aksum adapt to their geographical environment?

Some achievements include minting coins, writing system, built stone structures, etc. Aksum was rich in natural resources like salt, rhino horns, ivory, gold etc. but was less rich in human made resources like cloth, glass, and wine. Aksum traded with other peoples for the materials they wanted. To adapt to their mountainous location after the Muslims invade they used terrace farming, made dams, made canals, and cisterns to help with the environment they lived in.

L3 3. Explain the effects of the Muslim invasion of Aksum. What impact did Ezana's decision to become a Christian have on the kingdom of Aksum? Why was Aksum sparred invasion by the Muslims at first?

The Muslim invasion transformed the empire of Aksum. They were no longer a major trading partner, lost resources, and became unknown as a power. It started with Ezana converting to Christianity and made it the official religion. When the Muslims invaded they had no allies because they were all Islam. They did not originally attack Aksum because they supported the Muhammad family during their rise to power but soon they would not be immune to the invasion.

L4 3. Describe the Songhai Empire. How did the expansion of the Songhai Empire affect the people and the economy of West Africa? Why did other peoples find it easy to conquer the Songhai?

The Songhai Empire were a West African Empire whose people were a part of the Empire of Mali. The Songhai conquered Mali after Mali declined in power. Songhai Empire conquered smaller kingdoms and made them pay tribute, taxes, and took over three trade routes. They also built new cities with power and wealth shifting to the newer cities from older cities. New cities also brought with it new universities that helped increase education. Other people found it easy to conquer the Songhai because they did not have an advanced military while others such as the Moroccans who had gunpowder and overthrew the empire. It was a Sword vs. Cannon fight.

L5 1. Describe the role of east coast trade cities in the economy of East Africa. What were some of the effects of East African trade on different cultural groups? Compare the Portuguese who arrived in East Africa with the rulers of the Mutapa Empire. Why did Portuguese sailors round the southern tip of Africa in 1488?

The language Swahili is created mix of Bantu and Arabic, Islam is introduced, and Europeans are involved in politics, trade, and conquest. Both conquerors interested in dominating trade and acquiring wealth. They wanted to find a sea route to India. Kilwa is the wealthiest city-state because it is the city-state you can get to south during the monsoon season.Funneled trade through Kilwa and control Sofala gold mines.

L4 4. How did the trans-Saharan trade practiced by Ghana, Mali, and Songhai work?Explain how the gold-salt trade led to the rise of Ghana.

The trans-Saharan trade routes crossed the savanna. Traders took salt and other goods from the Sahara, crossed the desert on camel, traded for gold, slaves, and other goods in the market of West Africa. West African empires kept order on the trade routes by providing safe passage for merchants. Gold was the key/most precious mineral while salt was used to preserve food. Soninke was the main region that started to tax the trade giving them control in West Africa and soon became the Ghana empire.

L5 4. Describe how the Mutapa Empire was established. Why were rivers and streams in the Mutapa Empire of particular importance to the rulers?

They were in the south east part of Africa by the gold trade. They had a great army that took over much land. They needed it for trade and travel throughout Africa and Asia. Forced conquered areas to mine gold for them. Sent gold to coastal city-states and traded for luxury items. Malato left Zimbabwe and founded the Mutapa Empire.

L4 1. Explain the effects of Islam in North Africa. Why did Berber leaders want to make changes to their society? What is the connection between the Islamic religion and the Islamic law?

United the Maghreb for the first time in history. Converted many people in the northwest part of Africa seen even today. African-Muslim rulers based their government off of Islamic law. Muslims do not separate their personal life from religious life. The Islamic law is practiced in government outside of the religious setting so it regulates all human life. The Islamic law and faith united and stabilize the area in northwest africa

L2 1. summarize the cause and effects of human migration. in early history or human life, what was the strongest factor affecting migration? how can effects of one migration become a cause of another migration? what is the difference between push factors and pull factors? how does migration shape the modern world?

cause: environment, economics, political, effects: clashes between people, new technology, redistrubution of population, blending languages, quality of life improved, resources, jobs, food became scarce. strongest cause environmental. stronger people move in on another people coming in. push= famine, war, disease - negative pull= farmland, rivers, religious tolerance - positive shapes new languages, spreads ideas, new clothing

2. how did early africans adapt to their environment? how did agriculture change the way africans lived?

got food by hunting and gathering. overtime they started to tame and raise food as nomadic people. agriculture let people stay in one place, farm more food, population could increase, people had more free time, people lived longer, social and political organizations came about like social classes, specialized workers, and government

L2 2. Describe the Bantu migrations into the southern half of Africa. What do experts believe caused the Bantu-speaking people to migrate? How did the Bantu deal with the problems they encountered in their migrations? How might the population of Africa be different today if the Bantu-speaking migrations had not taken place? Why did Bantu-speaking peoples of Africa use the slash-and-burn method of farming in the forests?

lack of farmland. with population increasing they depleted their farming resources to support the population. used slash and burn method which helped clear land and make it more fertile, didnt stop the depletion of farmland. when they migrated they took over conquered people. territorial problems arose because there was not ways into their new environment and also learn new culture aspects from the iron working to forge tools from copper and bronze, would not have developed as quickly. language in the area would not have had a unifying influence on the continent

3. describe how a stateless society is run. why were elders from each lineage responsible for solving disputes amongst lineages of stateless societies? why did african societies develop age set systems?

no centralized government. relied on lineage families to have power. lineages had most power with elders because they are seen as wise, experienced and respected. these all helped in solving disputes among the other lineages and stop fighting among lineages. age set system helped make young people from closer bonds. it helped the educate people especially with discipline, community service, important life skills and leadership needed when they become older

4. who were the djenne djeno people and how was their civilization discovered? what evidence shows that Djenne Djeno was a major trading city in west africa? what do the nok, Djenne Djeno and the Bantu speaking people have in common with one another?

oldest known city below the sahara discovered around 1977 by Archeologists. it is located by the niger river. Archeologists found pottery, toys, glass beads, and knives from other places. all 3 were by rivers and smelted iron. also found was evidence of camel trade between the Djenne Djeno people and other peoples.

1. what are the different geographic regions of africa? how did it develop diverse culture?how are the desert and rainforest similar and different?

savanna, desert, rainforest each region has diverse resources, climate, and people. both desert and rainforest are partially uninhabitable desert = little rain and vegetation rainforest = too much rain and vegetation, tstee fly = major medical problem event today most populated regions arr northern and southern coast cuase fertile soil and moderate climate