HI 101 Unit 2

Lao-tse

270 BCE Founder of Daoism (Taoism), the "Old Master" who encouraged people to give up worldly desires in favor of nature; stressed that people should live in harmony with nature.

Sparta

A powerful Greek military polis that was often at war with Athens. Used slaves known as helots to provide agricultural labor, ruled by an oligarchy, discouraged the arts

the Parthenon

A temple dedicated to the goddess Athena, great example of Architecture

Mount Kilimanjaro

Africa's highest mountain

Pericles

Athenian leader noted for advancing democracy in Athens, leader in the Peloponnesian War, and for ordering the construction of the Parthenon.

Militiades

Athenian military leader during the Persian War who favored a frontal charge with the Persians at the battle of Marathon(1st battle of the Persian War)

Adoniram Judson

Father of American Foreign Missions

Hudson Taylor

Father of Faith Missions

William Carey

Father of Modern Missions, greatest missionary

Herodotus

Father of history, a Greek historian

Siddhartha Gautama

Founder of Buddhism

AD 35

Ethiopian eunuch becomes first-known African convert to Christianity

Heinrich Schliemann

German archaeologist who discovered the first Greek State Mycenae, a remarkable fortified site

Asoka

Greatest King of the Maurya dynasty. He ruled nearly the entire subcontinent of India. He also was instrumental in the spread of Buddhism after his conversion.

Thucydides

Greek historian. Considered the greatest historian of antiquity, he wrote a critical history of the Peloponnesian War with a rational approach, it also contains the funeral oration of Pericles

Socrates

Greek philosopher; (470-399 BCE) who thought that human beings could lead honest lives(truth does exist) and that honor was far more important than wealth, fame, or other superficial attributes. sentenced to death for corrupting Athens youth

Ionians

Greeks who inhabited the west coast of Asia Minor who revolted against the Persian Empire.

Brahmans

Hindu priests

Iliad

Homer's great epic that tells the story of the Trojan War

Nippon

Land of the Rising Sun (Japan)

Buddha

Means "Enlightened One." He is said to have found a path for overcoming suffering.

Phut

Means bow, this civilization settled in the Sahara desert

Knossus

Minoan Palace Complex, and capital

Sha Jahan

Mughal Emperor who built the Taj Mahal

Kshatriyas

The warrior and princes and aristocrat varna of the caste system.

Nirvana

a spiritual state of mind in which the soul is completely oblivious of the self and the world, an escape into nothingness

Delian League

an alliance headed by Athens that says that all Greek city-states will come together and help fight the Persians

Aristophanes

an ancient Greek dramatist remembered for his comedies (448-380 BC) wrote 'the clouds' had an element of personal attacks to others

pariah

an outcast in the caste system

Dorians

came from the north, and established themselves in southwestern Greece especially Peloponnesus as well as some Aegean islands including Crete and Rhodes

Sudras

farmers, laborers, servants in the caste system

Aeschylus

father of Greek tragedy

Mongols

fierce nomads from the northern steppes of Asia, they swept down into China in the 1200s. they were the largest continental empire in history

Jonathan Goble

first Baptist missionary to Japan

Oligarchy

form of government in which a few people have total power, Sparta

Mogul Empire

founded by Babar and ruled India until the 1700s

Prince Shotoku

founder of Japanese civilization, his great establishment was the establishment of a constitution

China

world's oldest living civilization

Attica

A peninsula in east-central Greece on the Aegean Sea on which Athens was built

Zheng He

Chinese naval explorer who sailed along most of the coast of Asia, Japan, and half way down the east coast of Africa before his death.

Mauryan Empire

Dynasty established in Indian subcontinent in 4th century BCE following invasion by Alexander the Great.

Yuan Dynasty

Dynasty in China set up by the Mongols under the leadership of Kublai Khan, replaced the throne (1279-1368)

Minoan Crete

Earliest civilization in the Aegean region

Mansa Musa

Emperor of the kingdom of Mali in Africa. He created Timbuktu a very important trading center of the Mali empire

Solon

Early Greek leader who eliminated all land debts to the aristocrats, freed the farmer slaves and outlawed new loans with humans as collateral

Bangladesh

East Pakistan became this country when it split up with West Pakistan bc of the Muslims

Alcibiades

( 450 - 404 BCE): Athenian nobleman who persuaded assembly to embark on the Sicilian expedition, a well-connected man often associated with controversy, was banished from Athens many times, switched sides during the Peloponnesian War from Athens to Sparta and back to Athens, latter helped by his infusion of Persian money, murdered in Thrace

Peloponnesian War

(431-404 BCE) The war between Athens and Sparta that in which Sparta won, but left Greece as a whole weak and ready to fall to its neighbors to the north.

Confucius

(551-479 BCE) A Chinese philosopher known for his philosophies in Chinese history about the ancestors of one's family.

karma

(Hinduism and Buddhism) the effects of a person's actions that determine his destiny in his next incarnation

Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu

4 main islands of Japan

Aristotle

A Greek Philosopher, taught Alexander the Great, studied with Plato at the school of Athens. He believed in involving our senses and reason to interact with things. He pointed to science and technology. Politics was about Individualism and his beliefs were Descriptive

Homer

A Greek poet, author of the Iliad and the Odyssey

Polis

A city-state in ancient Greece.

Tyranny

A consequence of aristocratic power and a widening gulf between the rich and the poor in Greece

Athens

A democratic Greek polis who accomplished many cultural achievements, and who were constantly at war with Sparta.

Phalanx

A military formation of foot soldiers armed with spears and shields, tight and rectangular unit of soldiers

Cleisthenes

An aristocrat, created a council of 500 and helped form Athenian democracy

Aeropagus

Aristocratic council of nobles who met on the hill, it is of lifetime membership, most influential body in early republic, responsible for all the political and religious policy.

700 BC

Beginning of Hellenic (Classical) Age of Greece

Animism

Belief that objects, and forces are inhabited by mostly malignant spirits

Arthur Evans

British archaeologist who excavated the palace of Knossos in Crete to find what he called Minoan civilization (1851-1941)

Chou Dynasty

China's longest ruling dynasty, began using iron and metal coins. The two great philosophers lived and taught under this dynasty

1100 BC

Decline of Egypt/Rise of Kingdom of Cush

Guptas

Inaugurated India's "golden age" AD 320-535

Dravidians

One of the main groups of people in India; probably descended from the Indus River culture that flourished but were chased out by the Aryans. They lived very conveniently

431-404 BC

Peloponnesian War

Aeolians

People from northern and central Greece who colonized the large island of Lesbos and the adjacent mainland, one of the four major ethnic groups of Classical Greece (Thessaly, Boeotia, Lesbos)

1500 BC

Rise of Huang He Valley civilization in China

2000 BC in India

Rise of Indus Valley civilization in India

2000 BC in Greece

Rise of Minoan Civilization

Plato

Socrates' most well known pupil. Founded an academy in Athens. He believed that reality was in ideas only. wrote the 'Republic' about what he thought politics should be. His beliefs were Prescriptive

helots

Spartan slaves

Ming Dynasty

Succeeded Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted huge trade expeditions to southern Asia and elsewhere, but later concentrated efforts on internal development within China.

Ch'in Dynasty

The dynasty that gives China its name. Most remarkable achievement was the construction of the Great Wall.

Odyssey

The first "epic" style greek tragedy written - story of Odysseus a greek soldier journeying back to his home after the Trojan War

Shinto

a religion of nature worship, is the oldest surviving religion in Japan

Pisistratus

Tyrant who took land from nobles and gave it to peasants, reduced privileges of the nobles

Genhis Khan

the leader who created the largest Empire in the world after uniting the Mongol tribes

Mycenaeans

a group of people who settled on the Greek mainland around 2000 B.C.; leading city called Mycenae which could withstand any attack; nobles lived in splendor; these people invaded many surrounding kingdoms including the Minoans

clan

a group of related families

Hindustani

a mix of Arabic and HIndi, a hybrid tongue language, also known as Urdu

hoplites

heavily armed Greek infantrymen who marched and fought in close ranks; most of the recruits were middle-class citizens

Mount Olympus

highest mountain in Greece home of the Greek gods

Aryans

hordes of fierce barbarians who invaded India from the Northwest, they created the caste system and Hinduism

Perioikoi

in ancient Sparta, free inhabitants but not citizens who were required to pay taxes and perform military service

Africa

known as the dark continent

Vaisyas

land owners, merchants in the caste system

Lycurgus

legendary ruler of Sparta; tradition credits him with the constitution that changed Sparta into a military state.

Han Dynasty

marked the height of ancient China's power and glory, when the silk road was created

Democracy

means 'power to the people'

Sophocles

the most successful writer of Greek tragedies

Brahma

the one absolute universal spirit in the Hindu religion

the Himalayan Mountains the Northern Plains Deccan Plateau

the three major land regions in India

Tigris-Euphrates Indus Valley Hwang He

three of the great riverine civilizations in Asia

Shang Dynasty

one of the first Chinese dynasties, contributed Bronze, and silk to the world. the most important is they developed a system of Writing

Peloponnesus

peninsula that forms the southern part of Greece

Xerxes

son of Darius; became Persian king. He vowed revenge on the Athenians. He invaded Greece with 180,000 troops in 480 B.C.

Damascene steel, Arabic Numerals

the contributions from India, Arabs obtained this from India for weapons

Cush

the greatest ancient civilization in Africa's interior, Sudan, Ethiopia or Nubia