A & P 1 Chapter 6 Review
What is the function of osteosclasts?
Chewing bone or bone resorption (dissolves bones) puts more calcium in the blood
What is the function of parathyroid hormone?
(PTH) raises calcium levels in the blood
How are the trabeculaes in spongy bone oriented?
towards the lines of stress
What signifies the end of bone growth in a bone?
appearance of an epiphyseal line
How do empty lacunae form?
area where osteocytes used to live
What type of cartilage covers the epiphysis of long bones?
articular cartilage
What must be taken in adequate amounts for normal bone formation and growth?
calcium phosphate & vitamin D
What takes place in the epiphyseal plate?
cartilage cells are replaced with bone
What cells are responsible for endochondral ossification?
chondrocytes (cartilage cells)
What method accounts for cranial bone development?
develop from a fibrous membrane called intramembranous ossification
Where does secondary ossification take place in long bones?
end of bones or the epiphysis
In what direction in a long bone does cartilage grow in the epiphyseal plate?
epiphysis > diaphysis
What is the composition of yellow bone marrow?
fat
What type of bones undergo intramembranous ossification?
flat bones
What kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones?
hyaline cartilage
What type of cartilage is the most abundant skeletal cartilage?
hyaline cartilage
What relationship does the thyroid gland have to calcium levels?
increases calcium (PTH up) & decreases calcium (calcitonin down)
What type of bone would you classify vertebrae?
irregular
What is the name of the organic compound that makes up 65% of the bone mass?
it should say inorganic (T & F question)
Do new born infants contain yellow bone marrow?
no, it is all red marrow (until adulthood)
What is the functional unit of bone?
osteon
What type of hormones could cause a premature closing of the epiphyseal plate in long bones in youngsters?
sex hormone (overproduction)
What are canaliculi?
small canals or small channels that radiate through the matrix
Which type of bones are adopted to withstand stress?
spongy bones
What is periosteum and its characteristics?
structure that nourishes bone & supplies it with nerves & blood vessels
What part of the skeletal system do thoracic vertebrae belong to?
vertebral column