A & P Chapter 1
which area is not part of the trunk from the body: umbilical, frontal, lumbar, pectoral
frontal
what plane does this describe: divides the body into front and back portions
frontal section
which are the following is not an aspect of the anatomy of an organ
function
stability of the internal environment of the body
homeostasis
a feedback mechanism that contains its own brake is called
negative
the tissue that enables you to think and answer all of these questions is
nerve tissue
what tissue transmits impulses that regulate body functions; ex. spinal cord, brain
nerve tissue
organ systems: regulates body functions by means of impulses
nervous
what organ system is this organ apart of: eyes
nervous
what organ system is this organ apart of: spinal cord
nervous
the two organ systems that regulate body functions by means of impulses and hormones are the
nervous and endocrine
the most complex level of organization is the
organ system level
chemicals that contain carbon
organic
what must be cut to enter the abdominal cavity: lining of the abdominal cavity
peritoneum
study of how the body functions
physiology
what cavity does this describe: lined with the parietal pleura, contains the heart and lungs, the inferior boundary is the diaphragm
thoracic cavity
what must be cut to enter the abdominal cavity: part of the integumentary system
skin
the cutaneous area is superficial/deep to the muscles
superficial
opposite of inferior
superior
the volar area is superior/inferior to the plantar area
superior
the diaphragm separates the
thoracic and abdominal cavitites
the parietal pleura lines what
thoracic cavity
the organ level of organization includes all of the following except the
blood
what will happen to maintain homeostasis: cutting your finger
blood clots --> no more loosing blood
pulmonary vein
blood vessel in the lung
a compartment within the body
body cavity
what organ system is this organ apart of: pancreas
digestive, endocrine
the smallest living unit of the body
cell
the simplest living level of organization is what
cellular level
opposite of peripheral
central
cervical refers to the
neck
lines the abdominal cavity
peritoneal
cutaneous refers to the
skin
femoral refers to the
thigh
detailed x-ray images are produced using this method
CT scanning
3 examples of inorganic chemicals
H2O, O2, CO2
magnetic resonance imaging initials
MRI
what makes the following statement true: a group of cells with similar structure and functions is called an organ
a group of cells with similar structure and functions is called an (getting rid of organ)
which statement is not true of cells: the human body contains many different types of cells, cells are made of inorganic and organic chemicals, cells are the smallest living subunits of structure and function, a group of cells with similar structure and functions is called an organ
a group of cells with similar structure and functions is called an organ
with respect to the normal values of metabolism, the best way to describe them is with
a range of possible values, from low to high
the peritoneum lines what
abdominal cavity
what cavity does this describe: lined with the peritoneum, the superior boundary is the diaphragm, contains the liver and pancreas
abdominal cavity
the metabolism of the body includes: breathing, any chemical reaction, any physical damage, all of these
all of these
what is different about a positive feedback mechanism and a negative feedback mechanism
an external event stops a positive feedback mechanism
the following statements are true of body parts and areas in what position: the brachial area is to the upper limb as the femoral area is to the lower limb, the scapular area is both dorsal and posterior, the temporal areas are anterior to the occipital area, a midsaggital section of the trunk would separate the 2 iliac areas
anatomic position
study of body structure
anatomy
the structure of a tissue or cell or organ is called the _______________, the function of the tissue, cell, or organ is called its __________________
anatomy, physiology
a synonym for ventral is
anterior
lateral
away from the midline
occipital refers to the
back of head
the disadvantage of a positive feedback mechanism is that it may
become a self-perpetuating cycle that causes harm
umbilical refers to the
belly button
inferior
below, lower
describe one way the physiology of a bone (organ) is related to its anatomy
bones support because they're hard
3 examples of organic chemicals
carbohydrates, fats, proteins
a midfrontal section of the body would not separate the: inguinal area from the gluteal area, frontal area from the occipital area, pectoral area from the lumbar area, cervical area from the femoral area
cervical area from the femoral area
the simplest level of organization is the
chemical level
metabolism is all of the ___________ reactions and _____________ changes that take place in the body
chemical, physical
the correct sequence of the levels of organization of increasing complexity is
chemicals, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
pectoral refers to the
chest
organ systems: transports oxygen and nutrients to tissues
circulatory
what organ system is this organ apart of: arteries
circulatory
what organ system is this organ apart of: heart
circulatory
proximal
closer to the origin
a tissue that supports body parts or transports materials within the body is a type of
connective tissue
what tissue supports, transports, or stores materials; ex. bone, blood
connective tissue
the meninges lines what
cranial cavity
the most superior body cavity is the
cranial cavity
what cavity does this describe: lined with meninges, contains the brain
cranial cavity
what plane does this describe: perpendicular to the long axis of an organ
cross section
opposite of superficial
deep
organ systems: changes food to simpler chemicals to be absorbed
digestive
what organ system is this organ apart of: esophagus
digestive
what organ system is this organ apart of: stomach
digestive
opposite of proximal
distal
organ systems: regulates body functions by means of hormones
endocrine
what organ system is this organ apart of: pituitary gland
endocrine
what organ system is this organ apart of: thyroid gland
endocrine
to describe abdominal locations more precisely, the abdomen may be divided into
four quadrants
a tissue found on the surface of an organ must be
epithelial tissue
what tissue covers or lines surfaces; ex. the lining of the stomach and the epidermis of the skin
epithelial tissue
gastric ulcer
erosion of the stomach lining
what will happen to maintain homeostasis: having a headache
excedrin
peripheral
extending from main part
opposite of internal
external
the ribs are internal/external to the pulmonary area
external
what makes the following statements true for metabolism: external changes do not affect it
external changes do affect it (get rid of not)
which statement is not true of metabolism: it describes body functioning as a whole, external changes do not affect it, energy and heat production are called metabolic rate, physical changes are part of it
external changes do not affect it
a midsagittal section of the head would cut through all of the following except these 2: nose, eyes, mouth, brain, ears
eyes, ears
what will happen to maintain homeostasis: eating lunch
food --> simple chemicals
a person who is in a state of homeostasis may also be said to be in a state of good
health
cardiac arrest
heart attack
plantar refers to the
heel
a cross section of an artery would look like a
hollow circle
what do the following statements describe: all aspects of metabolism contribute to homeostasis, changes inside the body may bring about further changes, changes outside the body may bring about changes inside the body, many aspects of body function have a range of normal values
homeostasis
what do the following statements describe: state of good health, external changes bring about specific responses by the body, internal changes do have effects on this, the proper functioning of all organ systems
homeostasis
which of the following statements are true of the levels of organization of the body: if an organ is shaped like a tube it probably transports something, the simplest living level of organization is the protein level, the nervous system is one of the major regulatory systems of the body, there are only four different kinds of human cells but they can be arranged into many kinds of tissues, the chemical level of organization includes minerals and organic chemicals, the traches is an organ, but an artery is not
if an organ is shaped like a tube it probably transports something, the nervous system is one of the major regulatory systems of the body, the chemical level of organization includes minerals and organic chemicals
which area is not part of the upper limb: palmar, brachial, antecubital, inguinal
inguinal
chemicals that do not contain carbon
inorganic
organ systems: is a barrier to pathogens and to chemicals
integumentary
what organ system is this organ apart of: skin
integumentary
what organ system is this organ apart of: sweat glands
integumentary
the two organ systems that are most responsible for protecting the body against pathogens are the
integumentary and lymphatic
the most superior body system is the
integumentary system
changes that affect the body may take place where? (2 answers)
internally or externally
renal failure
kidneys have stopped functioning
patellar refers to the
knee
an antonym for medial is
lateral
the deltoid area is medial/lateral to the cervical area
lateral
what quadrant is the following organ in: stomach
left upper quadrant
what plane does this describe: along the long axis of an organ
longitudinal section
which area is not part of the lower limb: popliteal, patellar, lumbar, femoral
lumbar
pulmonary refers to the
lungs
the visceral pleura covers what
lungs
organ systems: destroys pathogens that enter the body
lymphatic
what organ system is this organ apart of: spleen
lymphatic, circulatory
opposite of lateral
medial
membranes that cover the organs of the central nervous system
meninges
meningitis is a serious disease caused by certain bacteria. name the affected and the organs they cover: membranes, organs
meninges, brain and spinal cord
covers the abdominal cavity
mesentery
the amount of heat and energy produced by the body per unit of time is the
metabolic rate
the different environmental sites the human body provides, and the bacteria that inhabit them, are called ___________________; Give 3 examples
microbiomes; vagina, nasal cavity, and oral cavity
the collective name for all of the beneficial bacteria (and other microorganisms) that live on or in human beings is ______________ or _____________
microbiota, normal flora
lumbar refers to the
middle back
what section would separate the cervical area from the femoral area
midtransverse sections
a tissue that causes contractions of the stomach to mix food with gastric juice must be a type of
muscle tissue
what tissue contracts and brings about movement ; ex. the heart and skeletal muscles
muscle tissue
the chemical level of organization of the body includes all of the following except
muscles
what must be cut to enter the abdominal cavity: provides for movement of the trunk
muscles of the abdomen
organ systems: moves the skeleton and produces heat
muscular
what organ system is this organ apart of: muscles
muscular
what organ system is this organ apart of: tendons
muscular
a group of tissues precisely arranged to accomplish specific functions
organ
a group of tissues that is arranged in a particular way to accomplish specific functions is called an
organ
muscles belong to which level of organization
organ
a group of organs that work together to perform specific functions
organ system
what will happen to maintain homeostasis: inhaling
oxygen --> cells
volar refers to the
palm
study of disorders of functioning
pathophysiology
the most inferior body cavity is the
pelvic cavity
what cavity does this describe: contains the internal reproductive organs and urinary bladder
pelvic cavity
membranes that surround the heart
pericardial
the nerves in the hand are part of the central/peripheral nervous system and the brain is part of the central/peripheral nervous system
peripheral, central
imaginary flat surface that separates the body
plane
the serous membranes of the thoracic cavity
pleural membranes
a feedback mechanism that requires an external brake is called
positive
opposite of anterior
posterior
the occipital and lumbar areas are on the anterior/posterior side of the body
posterior
the femoral area is proximal/distal to the patellar area
proximal
homeostasis means that the internal environment of the body is
relatively stable in spite of constant changes
organ systems: produces egg or sperm to continue the human species
reproductive
what organ system is this organ apart of: ovaries
reproductive, endocrine
what organ system is this organ apart of: testes
reproductive, endocrine
organ systems: exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and air
respiratory
what organ system is this organ apart of: lungs
respiratory
what organ system is this organ apart of: trachea
respiratory
what quadrant is the following organ in: liver
right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant
what quadrant is the following organ in: large intestine
right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, left lower quadrant
what quadrant is the following organ in: small intestine
right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, left lower quadrant
what plane does this describe: divides the body into right and left portions
sagittal section
to cut or divide the body or a part
section
what will happen to maintain homeostasis: going outside on a cold day
shivering --> produces heat
deltoid refers to the
shoulder
organ systems: supports the body and protects internal organs
skeletal
what organ system is this organ apart of: ribs
skeletal
what does muscle tissue do
specialized to contract
what does epithelial tissue do
specialized to cover or line body surfaces
what does connective tissue do
specialized to support, transport, or store material
what cavity does this describe: contains the spinal cord
spinal cavity
homeostasis means that despite constant changes, the body remains relatively
stable
negative feedback order of: stimulus, stimulus occurs again, response by the body increases, response by the body decreases, stimulus is decreased
stimulus, response by the body increases, stimulus is decreased, response by the body decreases, stimulus occurs again
the body is cut in a mid-transverse section and is now separated into two parts that may be called
superior-inferior
what makes the following statements true: the diaphragm separates the thoracic and pelvic cavities
the diaphragm separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities (switching pelvic with abdominal)
which statement is not true of body cavities: the diaphragm separates the thoracic and pelvic cavities, the cranial and spinal cavities are enclosed by bone, the thoracic cavity contains the pericardial cavity for the heart, the pleural membranes are the serous membranes of the thoracic cavity
the diaphragm separates the thoracic and pelvic cavities
which statement is not true of body parts or locations: the muscular system is external to the skeletal system, the orbital area is inferior to the oral area, the pectoral area is on the anterior side of the body, the cervical area is medial to the deltoid areas
the orbital area is inferior to the oral area
what makes the following statements true: the orbital area is inferior to the oral area
the orbital area is superior to the oral area (superior instead of inferior)
why are the eyes and ears not in the midsagittal section of the head
they are lateral to the midline of the head
a group of cells with similar structure and function
tissue
blood belong to which level of organization
tissue
when cells with similar structure and function are grouped and work together, they form
tissue
dorsal
toward the back
anterior
toward the front
superficial
toward the surface
what does nerve tissue do
transmit impulses
what plane does this describe: divides the body into upper and lower portions
transverse section
hepatic coma
unconscious state, liver disease
organ systems: removes waste products from the blood
urinary
what organ system is this organ apart of: kidneys
urinary
3 examples of the organ system level
urinary, respiratory, nervous
opposite of dorsal
ventral
the pectoral and umbilical areas are on the dorsal/ventral side of the body
ventral
internal
with, interior to
