A & P Chapter 1

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which area is not part of the trunk from the body: umbilical, frontal, lumbar, pectoral

frontal

what plane does this describe: divides the body into front and back portions

frontal section

which are the following is not an aspect of the anatomy of an organ

function

stability of the internal environment of the body

homeostasis

a feedback mechanism that contains its own brake is called

negative

the tissue that enables you to think and answer all of these questions is

nerve tissue

what tissue transmits impulses that regulate body functions; ex. spinal cord, brain

nerve tissue

organ systems: regulates body functions by means of impulses

nervous

what organ system is this organ apart of: eyes

nervous

what organ system is this organ apart of: spinal cord

nervous

the two organ systems that regulate body functions by means of impulses and hormones are the

nervous and endocrine

the most complex level of organization is the

organ system level

chemicals that contain carbon

organic

what must be cut to enter the abdominal cavity: lining of the abdominal cavity

peritoneum

study of how the body functions

physiology

what cavity does this describe: lined with the parietal pleura, contains the heart and lungs, the inferior boundary is the diaphragm

thoracic cavity

what must be cut to enter the abdominal cavity: part of the integumentary system

skin

the cutaneous area is superficial/deep to the muscles

superficial

opposite of inferior

superior

the volar area is superior/inferior to the plantar area

superior

the diaphragm separates the

thoracic and abdominal cavitites

the parietal pleura lines what

thoracic cavity

the organ level of organization includes all of the following except the

blood

what will happen to maintain homeostasis: cutting your finger

blood clots --> no more loosing blood

pulmonary vein

blood vessel in the lung

a compartment within the body

body cavity

what organ system is this organ apart of: pancreas

digestive, endocrine

the smallest living unit of the body

cell

the simplest living level of organization is what

cellular level

opposite of peripheral

central

cervical refers to the

neck

lines the abdominal cavity

peritoneal

cutaneous refers to the

skin

femoral refers to the

thigh

detailed x-ray images are produced using this method

CT scanning

3 examples of inorganic chemicals

H2O, O2, CO2

magnetic resonance imaging initials

MRI

what makes the following statement true: a group of cells with similar structure and functions is called an organ

a group of cells with similar structure and functions is called an (getting rid of organ)

which statement is not true of cells: the human body contains many different types of cells, cells are made of inorganic and organic chemicals, cells are the smallest living subunits of structure and function, a group of cells with similar structure and functions is called an organ

a group of cells with similar structure and functions is called an organ

with respect to the normal values of metabolism, the best way to describe them is with

a range of possible values, from low to high

the peritoneum lines what

abdominal cavity

what cavity does this describe: lined with the peritoneum, the superior boundary is the diaphragm, contains the liver and pancreas

abdominal cavity

the metabolism of the body includes: breathing, any chemical reaction, any physical damage, all of these

all of these

what is different about a positive feedback mechanism and a negative feedback mechanism

an external event stops a positive feedback mechanism

the following statements are true of body parts and areas in what position: the brachial area is to the upper limb as the femoral area is to the lower limb, the scapular area is both dorsal and posterior, the temporal areas are anterior to the occipital area, a midsaggital section of the trunk would separate the 2 iliac areas

anatomic position

study of body structure

anatomy

the structure of a tissue or cell or organ is called the _______________, the function of the tissue, cell, or organ is called its __________________

anatomy, physiology

a synonym for ventral is

anterior

lateral

away from the midline

occipital refers to the

back of head

the disadvantage of a positive feedback mechanism is that it may

become a self-perpetuating cycle that causes harm

umbilical refers to the

belly button

inferior

below, lower

describe one way the physiology of a bone (organ) is related to its anatomy

bones support because they're hard

3 examples of organic chemicals

carbohydrates, fats, proteins

a midfrontal section of the body would not separate the: inguinal area from the gluteal area, frontal area from the occipital area, pectoral area from the lumbar area, cervical area from the femoral area

cervical area from the femoral area

the simplest level of organization is the

chemical level

metabolism is all of the ___________ reactions and _____________ changes that take place in the body

chemical, physical

the correct sequence of the levels of organization of increasing complexity is

chemicals, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems

pectoral refers to the

chest

organ systems: transports oxygen and nutrients to tissues

circulatory

what organ system is this organ apart of: arteries

circulatory

what organ system is this organ apart of: heart

circulatory

proximal

closer to the origin

a tissue that supports body parts or transports materials within the body is a type of

connective tissue

what tissue supports, transports, or stores materials; ex. bone, blood

connective tissue

the meninges lines what

cranial cavity

the most superior body cavity is the

cranial cavity

what cavity does this describe: lined with meninges, contains the brain

cranial cavity

what plane does this describe: perpendicular to the long axis of an organ

cross section

opposite of superficial

deep

organ systems: changes food to simpler chemicals to be absorbed

digestive

what organ system is this organ apart of: esophagus

digestive

what organ system is this organ apart of: stomach

digestive

opposite of proximal

distal

organ systems: regulates body functions by means of hormones

endocrine

what organ system is this organ apart of: pituitary gland

endocrine

what organ system is this organ apart of: thyroid gland

endocrine

to describe abdominal locations more precisely, the abdomen may be divided into

four quadrants

a tissue found on the surface of an organ must be

epithelial tissue

what tissue covers or lines surfaces; ex. the lining of the stomach and the epidermis of the skin

epithelial tissue

gastric ulcer

erosion of the stomach lining

what will happen to maintain homeostasis: having a headache

excedrin

peripheral

extending from main part

opposite of internal

external

the ribs are internal/external to the pulmonary area

external

what makes the following statements true for metabolism: external changes do not affect it

external changes do affect it (get rid of not)

which statement is not true of metabolism: it describes body functioning as a whole, external changes do not affect it, energy and heat production are called metabolic rate, physical changes are part of it

external changes do not affect it

a midsagittal section of the head would cut through all of the following except these 2: nose, eyes, mouth, brain, ears

eyes, ears

what will happen to maintain homeostasis: eating lunch

food --> simple chemicals

a person who is in a state of homeostasis may also be said to be in a state of good

health

cardiac arrest

heart attack

plantar refers to the

heel

a cross section of an artery would look like a

hollow circle

what do the following statements describe: all aspects of metabolism contribute to homeostasis, changes inside the body may bring about further changes, changes outside the body may bring about changes inside the body, many aspects of body function have a range of normal values

homeostasis

what do the following statements describe: state of good health, external changes bring about specific responses by the body, internal changes do have effects on this, the proper functioning of all organ systems

homeostasis

which of the following statements are true of the levels of organization of the body: if an organ is shaped like a tube it probably transports something, the simplest living level of organization is the protein level, the nervous system is one of the major regulatory systems of the body, there are only four different kinds of human cells but they can be arranged into many kinds of tissues, the chemical level of organization includes minerals and organic chemicals, the traches is an organ, but an artery is not

if an organ is shaped like a tube it probably transports something, the nervous system is one of the major regulatory systems of the body, the chemical level of organization includes minerals and organic chemicals

which area is not part of the upper limb: palmar, brachial, antecubital, inguinal

inguinal

chemicals that do not contain carbon

inorganic

organ systems: is a barrier to pathogens and to chemicals

integumentary

what organ system is this organ apart of: skin

integumentary

what organ system is this organ apart of: sweat glands

integumentary

the two organ systems that are most responsible for protecting the body against pathogens are the

integumentary and lymphatic

the most superior body system is the

integumentary system

changes that affect the body may take place where? (2 answers)

internally or externally

renal failure

kidneys have stopped functioning

patellar refers to the

knee

an antonym for medial is

lateral

the deltoid area is medial/lateral to the cervical area

lateral

what quadrant is the following organ in: stomach

left upper quadrant

what plane does this describe: along the long axis of an organ

longitudinal section

which area is not part of the lower limb: popliteal, patellar, lumbar, femoral

lumbar

pulmonary refers to the

lungs

the visceral pleura covers what

lungs

organ systems: destroys pathogens that enter the body

lymphatic

what organ system is this organ apart of: spleen

lymphatic, circulatory

opposite of lateral

medial

membranes that cover the organs of the central nervous system

meninges

meningitis is a serious disease caused by certain bacteria. name the affected and the organs they cover: membranes, organs

meninges, brain and spinal cord

covers the abdominal cavity

mesentery

the amount of heat and energy produced by the body per unit of time is the

metabolic rate

the different environmental sites the human body provides, and the bacteria that inhabit them, are called ___________________; Give 3 examples

microbiomes; vagina, nasal cavity, and oral cavity

the collective name for all of the beneficial bacteria (and other microorganisms) that live on or in human beings is ______________ or _____________

microbiota, normal flora

lumbar refers to the

middle back

what section would separate the cervical area from the femoral area

midtransverse sections

a tissue that causes contractions of the stomach to mix food with gastric juice must be a type of

muscle tissue

what tissue contracts and brings about movement ; ex. the heart and skeletal muscles

muscle tissue

the chemical level of organization of the body includes all of the following except

muscles

what must be cut to enter the abdominal cavity: provides for movement of the trunk

muscles of the abdomen

organ systems: moves the skeleton and produces heat

muscular

what organ system is this organ apart of: muscles

muscular

what organ system is this organ apart of: tendons

muscular

a group of tissues precisely arranged to accomplish specific functions

organ

a group of tissues that is arranged in a particular way to accomplish specific functions is called an

organ

muscles belong to which level of organization

organ

a group of organs that work together to perform specific functions

organ system

what will happen to maintain homeostasis: inhaling

oxygen --> cells

volar refers to the

palm

study of disorders of functioning

pathophysiology

the most inferior body cavity is the

pelvic cavity

what cavity does this describe: contains the internal reproductive organs and urinary bladder

pelvic cavity

membranes that surround the heart

pericardial

the nerves in the hand are part of the central/peripheral nervous system and the brain is part of the central/peripheral nervous system

peripheral, central

imaginary flat surface that separates the body

plane

the serous membranes of the thoracic cavity

pleural membranes

a feedback mechanism that requires an external brake is called

positive

opposite of anterior

posterior

the occipital and lumbar areas are on the anterior/posterior side of the body

posterior

the femoral area is proximal/distal to the patellar area

proximal

homeostasis means that the internal environment of the body is

relatively stable in spite of constant changes

organ systems: produces egg or sperm to continue the human species

reproductive

what organ system is this organ apart of: ovaries

reproductive, endocrine

what organ system is this organ apart of: testes

reproductive, endocrine

organ systems: exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and air

respiratory

what organ system is this organ apart of: lungs

respiratory

what organ system is this organ apart of: trachea

respiratory

what quadrant is the following organ in: liver

right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant

what quadrant is the following organ in: large intestine

right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, left lower quadrant

what quadrant is the following organ in: small intestine

right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, left lower quadrant

what plane does this describe: divides the body into right and left portions

sagittal section

to cut or divide the body or a part

section

what will happen to maintain homeostasis: going outside on a cold day

shivering --> produces heat

deltoid refers to the

shoulder

organ systems: supports the body and protects internal organs

skeletal

what organ system is this organ apart of: ribs

skeletal

what does muscle tissue do

specialized to contract

what does epithelial tissue do

specialized to cover or line body surfaces

what does connective tissue do

specialized to support, transport, or store material

what cavity does this describe: contains the spinal cord

spinal cavity

homeostasis means that despite constant changes, the body remains relatively

stable

negative feedback order of: stimulus, stimulus occurs again, response by the body increases, response by the body decreases, stimulus is decreased

stimulus, response by the body increases, stimulus is decreased, response by the body decreases, stimulus occurs again

the body is cut in a mid-transverse section and is now separated into two parts that may be called

superior-inferior

what makes the following statements true: the diaphragm separates the thoracic and pelvic cavities

the diaphragm separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities (switching pelvic with abdominal)

which statement is not true of body cavities: the diaphragm separates the thoracic and pelvic cavities, the cranial and spinal cavities are enclosed by bone, the thoracic cavity contains the pericardial cavity for the heart, the pleural membranes are the serous membranes of the thoracic cavity

the diaphragm separates the thoracic and pelvic cavities

which statement is not true of body parts or locations: the muscular system is external to the skeletal system, the orbital area is inferior to the oral area, the pectoral area is on the anterior side of the body, the cervical area is medial to the deltoid areas

the orbital area is inferior to the oral area

what makes the following statements true: the orbital area is inferior to the oral area

the orbital area is superior to the oral area (superior instead of inferior)

why are the eyes and ears not in the midsagittal section of the head

they are lateral to the midline of the head

a group of cells with similar structure and function

tissue

blood belong to which level of organization

tissue

when cells with similar structure and function are grouped and work together, they form

tissue

dorsal

toward the back

anterior

toward the front

superficial

toward the surface

what does nerve tissue do

transmit impulses

what plane does this describe: divides the body into upper and lower portions

transverse section

hepatic coma

unconscious state, liver disease

organ systems: removes waste products from the blood

urinary

what organ system is this organ apart of: kidneys

urinary

3 examples of the organ system level

urinary, respiratory, nervous

opposite of dorsal

ventral

the pectoral and umbilical areas are on the dorsal/ventral side of the body

ventral

internal

with, interior to


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