A & P CHAPTER 25 REVIEW

The production of ATP provides energy to support anabolism as well as other cell functions. Which of the following is NOT supported by energy from ATP?

All of the listed functions are supported by ATP.

When considering the chemicals in the nutrient pool, which chemical is LEAST likely to be broken down to supply energy for the cell?

Amino acids

Which nutrient in the nutrient pool is most often used to replace structural and functional components of the cell?

Amino acids

Cells in our body are constantly building new molecules to replace worn-out structures. This process is what part of cellular metabolism?

Anabolism

In the nutrient pool, which chemical is best suited for storage of energy content?

Fatty acids

What happens to a glucose molecule as a result of the reactions of glycolysis?

Formation of two molecules of pyruvic acid

Which process in the aerobic metabolism of glucose takes place in the cytosol?

Glycolysis

Which process in the metabolism of glucose is NOT part of aerobic metabolism?

Glycolysis

What happens to oxygen when it functions as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport system?

It becomes part of a water molecule.

What chemical in the catabolism of glucose enters the mitochondria?

Pyruvate

What is the primary role of the citric acid cycle in the production of ATP?

Removal of electrons from substrates

Metabolism refers to __________.

all the chemical reactions in the body

The first step in a sequence of enzymatic reactions in the tricarboxylic acid cycle is the formation of __________.

citric acid

The flow and transformation of energy is called __________.

energetics

All the chemical reactions that occur in an organism are called __________.

metabolism

A cell with excess carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids will break down carbohydrates in order to __________.

obtain energy

In terms of the movement of electrons, the gain of electrons is called reduction, whereas the loss of electrons is called __________.

oxidation

For each glucose molecule processed during aerobic cellular respiration, the cell gains __________.

36 molecules of ATP

The efficiency rate for the complete catabolism of glucose is about __________.

42 percent

Where in the cell does the electron transport system occur?

Inner mitochondrial membrane

Which part of the cell is most heavily involved in energetics?

Mitochondria

Where in the cell does the citric acid cycle occur?

Mitochondrial matrix

All nutrients can be used by the mitochondria to provide energy. In what form are these nutrients "fed" into the mitochondria?

Two-carbon fragments

The process that breaks down organic substrates, releasing energy that can be used to synthesize ATP or other high-energy compounds, is __________.

catabolism

For each glucose molecule converted to two pyruvates, the anaerobic reaction sequence in glycolysis provides a net gain of __________.

two ATP for the cell