A & P test Three
How many bones does the foot contain?
26 bones
Mover
A muscle or muscles using concentric contractions that are the main force causing joint motion through a specified plane of motion
What is the source of energy required for muscle contraction?
ATP adenosine triphosphate
Excitability
Ability of a muscle to receive and respond to a stimulus
Elasticity
Ability of a muscle to recoil and resume its original length after being stretched
The limbs and their attachments make up which part of the skeleton?
Appendicular
The accessory movement at a joint the describes how articulations surfaces move within the joint capsule and contribute to joint play called ————
Arthrokinematics
What term refers to movements of the articulating surfaces of the bones at joint surfaces?
Arthrokinematics
What term means joint?
Articulation
What is a bursae and what does it do?
Bursae is a thin lubricated disc between a bone and its surrounding soft tissue.
The main component of bone that has piezoelectric quality is
Collagen
The main component of bone that has the piezoelectric quality is —————.
Collagen
What is the rounded projection at the end of a bone is called?
Condyle
What is the bony projection of a condyle called?
Epicondyle
What is the term for opening in a bone?
Foramen
Depression of the bone is called ————.
Fossa
Which term means depression in the surface or at the end of a bone?
Fossa
Which plane divides the body into front and back?
Frontal plane
Which plane divides the body into upper and lower?
Horizontal plane
tendinitis definition
Inflammation of a tendon
Avulsion
Injury to a ligament or tendon involving tearing off of its attachment
If the major function of a muscle is to stabilize, Then which muscle function is involved?
Isometric
What bone type contain a diaphysis?
Long
A client complains of lower back pain and you obeserve in excessive lumbar curve. This is called what?
Lordosis
The most complex joint design is likely to function in ———-.
Mobility
Ball and socket joint is also called a ————.
Multiaxial joint
Antagonist
Muscle that has the opposite action to the mover and usually is located opposite side of the joint ———
Neutralizer muscle
Muscle that stops an unwanted action of the mover
isometric action
Occurs when a muscle generates force and attempts to shorten but cannot overcome the external resistance
What bony landmark is located on the humerus?
Olecranon fossa
What are the bony landmarks of the humerus?
Olecranon fossa and lesser tubercle
Which aspect of bone structure provides the elastic quality of a bone?
Organic material
The proximal attachment of a muscle is also known as ———.
Origin
The external connective tissue covering the bone is called the ————-.
Periosteum
The external connective tissue covering the bone is called what ?
Periosteum
The quality of bones that allows them to deform slightly and vibrate when electric currents pass through is
Piezoelectricity
Which joint is responsible for pronation and supination?
Radioulnar
The term used to describe the movement of the scapula toward the spine is ________?
Retraction
Which of the joint movements are opposites?
Retraction and protraction
The costal angle is located where.
Rib
Which plane divides the body into right and left parts?
Sagital plane
What is the term for lateral curvature of the spine is _____.
Scoliosis
What type of bone develops in a tendon or joint capsule?
Sesamoid bone
Which joint type has the the most limited mobility?
Syndemosis
Which type of joint has the most limited mobility?
Syndesmosis
Eccentric action
Take place when the muscle lengthens while under tension and changes in tension the descent of the resistance.
Which bones form the structure of the nose?
Vomer
Movement toward the midline is _____.
adduction
What is the term for a muscle that causes or control joint motion through a specified plane of motion ?
agonist
What muscles has the opposite action of the prime mover?
antagonist
What type of muscle is usually located on the opposite side of a joint from the agonist and has an opposing action?
antagonist
What is broad, flat sheet of fibrous connective tissue?
aponeurosis
Biomechanics definition
application of mechanical principles in the study of living organisms
Which joint disorder is most common?
arthritis
Which term refers to accessory movements of the articulating surfaces of the bones described as roll. slide, and spin?
arthrokinematics
Which term means injury to a ligament or tendon in which an attachment is torn off?
avulsion
What kind of joint is the glenohumeral joint?
ball and socket
Which is a protein in the form of small fibrils that combine to create the connective tissue of fascae, tendons, and ligaments?
collagen
A muscle developing tension as it shortens to provide enough force to overcome resistance is known as what type of action?
concentric
What bony landmarks are most often seen at or around the joints?
condyles, heads and facets
Movement in two directions, but with one motion predominating, is performed by what type of joint?
condyloid
What is the function of a ligament?
connect bones and stabilize joints
The ability to shorten forcible with adequate stimulation is _______.
contractibility
What is it called when a muscle cell shortens forcibly?
contractibility
Which property sets muscles apart from all other tissues?
contractibility
What is the term for freely moveable joint?
diarthrosis
What type of forces results in movement in or of an object?
dynamic
A muscle lengthening with tone because it contractile force is less than the opposing force is known as ____.
eccentric
Which action is sometimes described as a negative contraction?
eccentric
The ability for a muscle to recoil and resume its original resting length after being stretched is _____.
elasticity
Which type of connective tissue fiber has properties that allow fibers to return to the original condition after being stretched?
elastin
Which muscle groups extend the trunk?
erector spinae
What is the ability of a muscle to receive and respond to a stimulus called?
excitability
What functional characteristic of muscle allows it to be stretched?
extensibility
What is the ability of a muscle to be stretched or extended called?
extensibility
The term for a muscle located at a joint or body part that contracts to stabilize the area. enabling another limb or body segment to extend to exert force and move is ______.
fixator
What is the most mobile joint in the body?
glenohumeral joint
Which type of joint allows sliding motion in various planes? q
gliding
What is a condition of arthritis?
gout
Which muscle is found in the inner thigh?
gracilis
Which muscle group is the antagonist to the extension of the knee?
hamstrings
What type of joint is the elbow?
hinge
Which type of joint allows flexion and extension in one plane changing the angle of the bones at the joint?
hinge
The movement of the humerus in the horizontal plane away from the midline of the body is ______.
horizontal abduction
The movement of a limb through the transverse plane toward and across the midline of the body is ____.
horizontal adduction
A range of motion of a joint greater than what would be permitted normally by the structure and results in _________.
hypermobility
What term means the range of motion of a joint less than what would be permitted normally by the structure?
hypomobility
Where is the xyphoid process located?
inferior end of sternum
What is the distal attachment of a muscle called?
insertion
The muscle staying the same length with tone because its contractile force equals that of the opposing force describes what type of action?
isometric
involuntary movement that occurs between articular surfaces, seperate from the range of motion of a joint produced by muscles is _______?
joint play
Which joint is actually three in one?
knee
What is an example of a hinge joint?
knee and elbow
Which condition is most indicated for massage therapy?
lordosis
The location where the motor neuron enters the muscle and where a visible contraction can be elicited with a minimum amount of stimulation is what type of point?
motor
What is the term for a group of muscle fibers that receive nerve stimulation from one neuron?
motor unit
Concentric action
muscle develops sufficient tension to overcome resistance, so that it shortens and changes the angle at a joint
Isotonic action
muscle shortens and movement occurs
What is an example of a pivot joint?
neck
A kinematic chain describes the association between joints as they____.
operate in relation to one another
The part of the muscle that attaches closest to the midline fo the body, and the least moveable part of a muscle is its ____?
origin
The movement of bones by the action of muscles is _____.
osteokinematics
Which condition is related to deficiencies in nutritional intake, absorption or assimilation of protein and minerals, cigarette smoking, and inactivity?
osteoporosis
knowledge of bony landmarks is incorporated into massage assessment by ??
palpating muscle attachments
A bony projection from one bone that fits into a ring formed by another bone and ligament structure to allow rotation around its own axis describes what type of joint?
pivot
The radioulnar joints provide which movements?
pronation and supination
The Coracoid process is located on which bone?
scapula
The coracoid process is located on which bone?
scapula
What is the only direct connection between the axial skeletal and shoulder girdle and arm?
sternoclavicular joint
What type of joint is limited movement and nonsynovial?
synarthrosis
A joint in which the material used for connecting the two components is hyaline cartilidge is called a _____.
synchondrosis
The term for a muscle that aids or assists the action of the agonist but is not primarily responsible for the action is the ____.
synergist
What provides nourishment to the structures within a freely moveable joint?
synovial fluid
What is an example of a saddle joint?
thumb
Which stress produced by mechanical force has the potential for the most serious joint injury?
torsion
What is one of the two large bony processes found only in the humerus?
trochanter
The term for a large, rounded protuberance on a bone is called??
tuberosity
What is an example of a gliding joint?
wrist and ankle
What is the exaggeration of the thoracic curve?
Kyphosis
What is the exaggeration of the normal lumbar curve?
Lordosis
What is the spinal deformity has the concavity in the lumbar and the convex it's in the thorax?
Lordosis
The bone disorder in which lack of calcium and other minerals and a decrease in bone protein leave the bones brittle, fragile, and more likely to break is ??
Osteoporosis
Which joint is most likely to first develop osteoartritis?
hip
On which bone are lateral and medial epicondyles, and greater and lesser tubercles located?
humerus
Tenosynovitis
inflammation of a tendon sheath
Tension developing in the muscle while it shortens or lengthens describes what type of action?
isotonic
Articulation
joint
What is another term for adduction of the spine?
lateral flexion
Internal rotation is known as what other type of rotation?
medial
What is a motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it controls called?
motor unit
What is the structural unit of contraction in skeletal muscle fibers?
sacomere
Convex in one plane and concave in the other, with the surfaces fitting together, describes what type of joint?
saddle
What is a nutritional disorder due to a vitamin C deficiency?
scurvy
What classification of bone is the patella?
sesamoid
What is an example of ball and socket?
shoulder and hip
Kinesiology definition
study of human movement
What is small, rounded process of a bone?
tubercle
The scapular motion that moves the interior angle of the scapula superiorly and laterally away from the vertebral column is ______.
upward rotation
What are the main functions of the skeletal system? (8)
Support soft tissues and serve as framework provide attachment points for muscles and ligaments protect delicate internal organs, such as brain, spinal cord, heart and lungs serves as levers to provide movement created by the attached muscles
Extensibility
The ability of a muscle to be stretched or extended
What type of fracture occurs when a fragment of bone tears away from the main mass of a bone?
avulsion
What is the subcutaneous tissue that connects the skin to the muscles?
fascia
