a dividing nation Lincoln
Lincoln
16th President of the United States, 16th President of the United States Felt slavery was not only a political issue but a moral issue.
Missouri Compromise
1820, (JMon) , The issue was that Missouri wanted to join the Union as a slave state, therefore unbalancing the Union so there would be more slave states then free states. The compromise set it up so that Maine joined as a free state and Missouri joined as a slave state. Congress also made a line across the southern border of Missouri saying except for the state of Missouri, all states north of that line must be free states or states without slavery.
Slavery in Washington
1830's abolitionist flooded the nations capital with anti-slavery petitions. Congress decided to "table" all anti-slavery petitions. THis means to set aside indefinately
Nat Turner slave rebellion
1831; Slaves wanted freedom; Nat Turner saw "vision" and attacked whites in Southampton County, VA;Turner, 70 slaves, & 55 whites killed; Turner caught; he was executed & hundreds of slaves were punished; Frightened South; Tightened slave codes; Restricted freedom for all blacks in South; South began to aggressively defend slavery as "positive good"
dred scott case
1857 Supreme court case that developed the fact that slaves were property not persons entitled to constitutional rights. It was the second Supreme Court decision to declare a law unconstitutional- Missouri Compromise
Lincoln Douglas debates
1858 Senate Debate, Lincoln forced Douglas to debate issue of slavery, Douglas supported pop-sovereignty, Lincoln asserted that slavery should not spread to territories, Lincoln emerged as strong Republican candidate
anaconda Plan
3-part Union strategy by Winfield Scott to win war: 1) naval blockade of S. ports 2) capture of Richmond 3) capture Mississippi R. 4) take an army through heart of south. Journalist called this strategy the Aaconda Plan because it resembled the crushing death grip of an anaconda snake.
Henery Clay compromise of 1850
>admitted Californis into Union as a free state >Utah and New Mexico organized as territories open to slavery >Ended slave trade in DC, they could keep slave but slaves could not be bought and sold >passage of fugitive slave law so slaveholders could reclaim runnaway slave.
dred scott decision
A Missouri slave sued for his freedom, claiming that his four year stay in the northern portion of the Louisiana Territory made free land by the Missouri Compromise had made him a free man. The U.S, Supreme Court decided he couldn't sue in federal court because he was property, not a citizen.
Battle of Bull Run
A smashing victory for the South and a shocking blow for the north., July 21, 1861. Va. (outside of D.C.) People watched battle. Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson: Confederate general, held his ground and stood in battle like a "stone wall." Union retreated. Confederate victory. Showed that both sides needed training and war would be long and bloody
California and Union
CA asks for admisssion, song was made, but slavery balance would be disrupted, so not admitted immediatly
civil war slavery
Free labor in the North slave labor in the South. Major reason for nullification: maintain slavery. Conflict over western lands: slavery. Major reason South seceeded: slavery. Reason Lincoln could not maintain union of states: slavery. Production of cotton demanded: slavery. It is more simplistic that so many in the South maintain that it was a fight over state's rights as indeed it was: a fight by the South to maintain slavery.
Shermans March through Georgia
He destroyed everything that was in the path of the army was destroyed, scorched earth.
john brown's raid
In 1859, the militant abolitionist John Brown seized the U.S. arsenal at Harper's Ferry. He planned to end slavery by massacring slave owners and freeing their slaves. He was captured and executed.
Northwest ordinance of 1787
It carved out republican states which would eventually be admitted to the Union; slavery was prohibited North of ohio river. As a result the three western states that were formed were Ohio, inidana and illinois Free states. The four states formed south of the ohio river Kentucky, Tennessee, Louisiana and Mississippi all permited slavery.
Reactions to Compromise
Kept the Union together but pleased no one.. Northern Congressmen who voted in favor of Compromise were considered traitors. In South slaveholders deeply resented ban on slavery in part of Lo. Territory.
emancipation Proclamation
Lincoln issued it and freed all the slaves in the Confederate states, but slaves in Border States loyal to the Union remained enslaved. It only applied to states in rebellion (Confederate states). It led to slaves rebelling and joining the Union army and increased sympathy from Europe.
Alabama and Missouri apply to be slave state
Located far south of ohio river in 1819 surrounded by slave states. Missouri and Alabama applied to be a slave state. Congress wanted to keep the number of slave, nonslave states equal. Accepting Illinois as a free state in 1818 upset balance by allowing Alabama as a slave state it would restore balance.
battle of Antietam
McClellan's men found a copy of Lee's plans and were able to stop the Confederates on one of the bloodiest days of the Civil War. No side won, but it was the Union display of power that Lincoln needed to announce his Emancipation Proclamation., Civil War battle in which the North suceedeed in halting Lee's Confederate forces in Maryland. Was the bloodiest battle of the war resulting in 25,000 casualties
Missouri Slave State
Most of Missouri lay north of the point where the Ohio river flows into mississippi. Eastern side of Missouri slavery was banned north of that point. If missouri was allowed to enter the union what would keep slavery from spreedingAs part of the Missouri Compromise, Missouri joined the union as what type of state?
lawrence raid
Quantrill. Took 300 men into Lawrence Kansas. Burned everything. $2,000,000 burned. $250,000 stolen. 2 buildings still standing. 2 houses still standing. Newspaper burned. 180 men were killed. Quantrill was pro-slavery.
slave compromises
Slave trade could continue for the next 20 years but then after that it would be illegal.
Tallmadge Amendment
This 1819 amendment to the bill for Missouri's admission to the Union sought to prohibit the further introduction of slaves into Missouri and would have mandated the emancipation of slaves' children. The proposal was blocked by the Senate, but it sparked intense congressional debate over the balance of slave and free states. This debate ended with the MO Compromise.
Kansas Nebraska Act
This Act set up Kansas and Nebraska as states. Each state would use popular sovereignty to decide what to do about slavery. People who were proslavery and antislavery moved to Kansas, but some antislavery settlers were against the Act. This began guerrilla warfare.
Battle of Gettysburg
Turning point of the War that made it clear the North would win. 50,000 people died, and the South lost its chance to invade the North.
civil war 1861
War between the Union and Confederacy from 1861-1865, early in 1861 confederate seized all union arsenals, forts, and navy yards within the southern borders US refused to evacuate ft. sumter in charleston, south carolina Confederate forces opened fire the first shots at ft. sumter was the beggining of the civil war 1861 - 1865
Harriet Stowe
Wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin, a book about a slave who is treated badly, in 1852. The book persuaded more people, particularly Northerners, to become anti-slavery., United States writer of a novel about slavery that advanced the abolitionists' cause (1811-1896)
abolitionist
a person who wanted to end slavery. The more the abolitionist faught slavery the more the slaveholders defended it.
Fugitive slave
a slave who had escaped from his/her master
vicksburg A besieged City
a. The Merrimac and the Monitor The confederacy began the war with no navy. They covered their previously abandoned warship The Merrimac with iron plates and added a ram to its prow. US navy built its own ironclad shop in less than 100 days called the Monitor. It was said to resemble a Cheese box on a raft. i. First two iron-clad warships fought to a draw but ended the age of wooden warships. 1. Cannonballs could not penetrate the iron. b. Control of the Mississippi i. Now only needed control of Vicksburg, TN to move shipping freely along river. c. Vicksburg i. Farragut knew he needed an army to take the city located high on a bluff over the river. ii. Grant battled toward city while gunboats shelled the city for over 6 weeks. iii. City surrendered as it ran out of food—completed the division of the Confederacy. d. Problems on the Confederate Home Front i. Union armies destroyed fields and cut transportation lines. ii. South was slowly running out of supplies.
Gag rule
adopted by the house of representatives in 1836 and informal rule which remained in force until 1844, antislavery petitions were automatically tabled so that they could not become the subject of debate in the house
Webster
agreed to help push Clays compromise through Congress. Took 9 moths but in 1850 congress finally adopted Clay's plan
Representative Henry Clay of Kentucky
crafted the Missouri COmpromise
charles sumner
gave a speech in may 1856 called " the Crime Against Kansas" militant opponent of slavery, beat with a cane by Preston Brooks after the speech, collapsed unconscious and couldn't return to senate for 4 years, symbol throughout the north.
A noble surrender by general lee
general Lee surrendered to General Grant at the Appomattox Courthouse in Virginia. Grants terms were generous. Confederate soldiers were allowed to go home if they promised to fight no longer. officers could keep swords and weapons. Grant was generous to Lee's soilders letting them keep their horses and gave them food.
border ruffians
pro-slavery Missourians who traveled in armed groups to vote in Kansas' election during the mid-1850's, in order to make it a pro-slavery government
John Quincy Adams
recognized that the Compromise had not settled the future of slavery. believed if the union was going to break slavery is precisely the question it should break on.
election of 1860
set the stage for the American Civil War. The nation had been divided throughout most of the 1850s on questions of states' rights and slavery in the territories. In 1860 this issue finally came to a head, fracturing the formerly dominant Democratic Party into Southern and Northern factions and bringing Abraham Lincoln and the Republican Party to power without the support of a single Southern State.
secession
the withdrawal of eleven Southern states from the Union in 1860 which precipitated the American Civil War
fugitive slave law
this law was strengthened as a result of the Compromise of 1850; a person caught helping a slave was fined, all citizens had to assist in the return of slaves, and a commission was established to oversea the law, Enacted by Congress in 1793 and 1850, these laws provided for the return of escaped slaves to their owners. The North was lax about enforcing the 1793 law, with irritated the South no end. The 1850 law was tougher and was aimed at eliminating the underground railroad.
