A level music, Vaughan Williams main features/ context/ wider listening
In OWE there is the use of ------ ----- scale ripples to give an impressionistic sound. In the opening, there is also use of ------- ------ chords ( similar to --- ----- ------ by Debussy).
whole tone, parallel quartal, La Cathedral Engloutie
VW spent --- months in ----- prior to composing "On Wenlock Edge" studying with ----- ------. Influences from his -------- style can be heard in OWE.
3, Paris, Maurice Ravel, impressionistic
There is a hint at the funeral march section in BH with the dissonant ---- (note)
Ab
Ralph Vaughan Williams was a ------ composer writing in the --- century. Much like European composers such as ------ and ------ ----- he wanted to move away from the ----- ----- style and often drew from traditional ----- music for his compositions.
British, 20th, Stravinsky, Rimsky-Korsakov, German Romantic, folk
In the dead man's verse in IMTP there is a block -- ----- chord, the harmony is ----- in this section.
D minor, static
The melodies on IMTP are based on a ------ mode on ---. The range is wide with the highest note being a top ---.
Dorian, D, Ab
------- --- --- ----- -- ----- ----- is a piece by VW which shows his great inspiration from folk music. There is use of ------ harmony and ----- melodies.
Fantasia on a theme by Thomas Thallis, parallel, modal
In the second verse of IMTP there is a ---- pedal underneath the sustained D minor chord.
G
BH has a generally bright sound apart from the funeral march which modulates to --- ------ , (suggested by --- ----- in the key sig)
G minor, two flats
VW was a good friend of ------ ----- and the two travelled England writing down folk melodies by ear.
Gustav Holst
In OWE there is lots of use of -------- in the strings and busy ------ rhythms in the piano part. This takes on the character of the storm and contributes to the stormy nature of the song (instruments taking on characters - typical of song cycle and lieder).
tremolo, sextuplet
The rhythms in the three songs are primarily ---------.
unsyncopated
In BH the instruments are used to imitate church bells, in the funeral march section there are both ----- and ------- notes played in the strings (captures the percussive and sustained parts of the bell's sound).
arco, pizzicato
In the static verses of OWE there is parallel ------ movement in the strings.
chromatic
In the live man's verse in IMTP there are lots of ------ chords, including ---- chords, ---- ------, ------- -----. Drawing from the chromaticism of Ravel etc
chromatic, augmented, Neapolitan sixth, diminished seventh
In the live man's verses in IMTP there are some cello ------- in the breaks of the vocal melody.
countermelody
The texture of BH is rather ------ but the dynamics are fairly soft for most of the song. This is reminiscent of ------'s piano writing.
dense, Ravel
There is a distinctive ----- ----- interval on the word ------ in OWE.
diminished fifth, uricorn
Just before the funeral march section in BH there is use of ghostly -------- (implications of death!). At the beginning of the song, the strings play with -----, to give a distant sound.
harmonics, mutes
Shortly after the static verse in OWE there is a ------- texture (vox + cello)
heterophonic
The harmony in BH is the most -------- of all the songs, there is use of stacked ------ and --- ----- chords over ---- ----- chords. The gentle ------ in the chords is reminiscent of church bells.
impressionistic, thirds, E minor, A minor, dissonance
The tenor melody in OWE is often doubled by the ---- hand of the ------ part,
left, piano
There are a few ------- in OWE (notably on the word "heaving").
melismas
The overarching texture in OWE is ------ ----- ------ and there are some moments of near -------- ( the opening falling + rising ------ chords for example).
melody dominated homophony, homorhythm, quartal
The melody in BH is based on a ----- mode on --.
mixolydian, G
In the dead man's verse of IMTP the strings use their ------ to create a soft and ghostly sound, there is a large ----- contrast between the dead verse vs live verse.
mutes, dynamic
At the realisation in IMTP the strings remove their ----- and make use of ------- to give a tense and unsettled atmosphere.
mutes, tremolo
IMTP opens with the strings playing in -------- ------- which is drawing from VW's renaissance influence.
parallel fifths
BH makes use of long ----- notes both at the top and bottom of the texture.
pedal
As OWE draws to a close, earlier melodies return in other parts of the texture- eg the initial ------- melody is in the ---- of the piano part.
pentatonic, LH
In BH, church bells are imitated with the falling ----- ------ (staccato strings) and with the descending ---- rhythm (compare to Debussy Sunken cathedral).
perfect fourths, triplet
As the ending of OWE dies away to ppp there is a repeated ----- cadence in -- minor. This is outlined with ------ in the piano.
perfect, G, octaves
The main instruments used in the songs are -----, a ---- ----- and ----- voice.
piano, string quartet, tenor
"The Lark Ascending" is perhaps the most famous VW piece which is named after a ---- of the same name. The piece has a generally ------ sound and draws on ------ music.
poem, nostalgic, folk
BH uses descending ----- chords in ----- in one of the verses.
quartal, triplets
At the end of OWE there is a modulation to the ----- minor key, which is --- minor. The opening of the piece is in ---- ------ and starts on a ----- chord, so is not initially settled.
relative, G, Bb major, IVb
At the end of IMTP there are ------- runs down the octaves using the initial strings idea in between runs.
septuplet
In the opening of OWE there are numerous ------ rhythms which slightly masks the --- time sig- the time sig is firmly established at the beginning of the -----.
sextuplet, 4/4, verse
OWE is a setting of -- poems from "-- ---- ----" by -- -- ------- who was also a fellow Trinity College member. The whole set of poems includes --- poems.
six, A Shropshire Lad, AE Housman, 63
There is some antiphony in OWW between the ------ vocal part and the ------ meander in the later verses.
static, chromatic
In later verses in OWE the melody is mainly ----- and includes some leaps of a ---- ------. There is word painting with an upward ------ leap on the word -----.
static, perfect fifth, octave, high
In IMTP the dead man has a rhythmically ------- verse whereas the live man's verse is more active, with lots of busy ----- rhythms.
static, triplet
The structure of each of the songs is -----, where the same/ similar melodies return with different words - very typical of folk song ( builds familiarity and recognisability)
strophic
Towards the end of OWE there is use of ---- ------- on the strings to give an icy sound (cold storm innit)
sul ponticello
The melody in OWE is mainly ------- and ------- , the large ----- are kept for the dramatic moments.
syllabic, conjunct, leaps
BH is played at an ------- tempo, with a ----- time sig. The ------ in the piano chords make ------- with the vocals.
adagio, 2/2, triplets, polyrhythms
After the moment of realisation in IMTP there is an ------- tempo marking which indicated to increase speed as if exited or agitated- adds to the drama innit
affretando
There is some use of a -------- texture in IMTP when the live man's melody and the cello notes seem similar (simplification type thing). There is also a brief ------- texture right at the end.
Heterophonic
The harmony in OWE is a mix of -------- and ------- harmony, drawing from influenced from composers such as ------ and ------.
Impressionistic, modal, Ravel, Tallis
The cycle draws from the German tradition of ------, an example of one of these is Schubert's --------- where 4 characters are portrayed (Son Father Narrator Horse (the character of the horse is taken on by the ----))
Lieder, Erlkonig, Piano
The melody in OWE is based on a ------- scale on ---, which draws from the -------- mode.
Pentatonic, G, mixolydian
VW studied at the ------ -- -------- ----- as well as ----- ---- -----, and was taught by ------ and ------. He was rather influenced by Tudor --------- and used lots of ------ harmonies (in line with his folk influences).
Royal College of Music, Trinity College Cambridge, Stanford, Parry, polyphony, modal
OWE is a ----- ------ which is a genre pioneered by ------ (--------- is an example of on of his) where multiple songs are grouped together and performed as one entity, often as settings of ----- to music,
Song cycle, Schubert, Winterreise, poetry
The piece ---- ----- ---- ----- by Ravel is an example of softly played but densely written piano music. There is use of impressionistic ------- and general ----- harmony.
Une Barque Sur L'Ocean, ripples, chromatic
OWE found popularity during ------ and was the first piece to bring VW widespread attention.
WW1