A level music, Vaughan Williams main features/ context/ wider listening

In OWE there is the use of ------ ----- scale ripples to give an impressionistic sound. In the opening, there is also use of ------- ------ chords ( similar to --- ----- ------ by Debussy).

whole tone, parallel quartal, La Cathedral Engloutie

VW spent --- months in ----- prior to composing "On Wenlock Edge" studying with ----- ------. Influences from his -------- style can be heard in OWE.

3, Paris, Maurice Ravel, impressionistic

There is a hint at the funeral march section in BH with the dissonant ---- (note)

Ab

Ralph Vaughan Williams was a ------ composer writing in the --- century. Much like European composers such as ------ and ------ ----- he wanted to move away from the ----- ----- style and often drew from traditional ----- music for his compositions.

British, 20th, Stravinsky, Rimsky-Korsakov, German Romantic, folk

In the dead man's verse in IMTP there is a block -- ----- chord, the harmony is ----- in this section.

D minor, static

The melodies on IMTP are based on a ------ mode on ---. The range is wide with the highest note being a top ---.

Dorian, D, Ab

------- --- --- ----- -- ----- ----- is a piece by VW which shows his great inspiration from folk music. There is use of ------ harmony and ----- melodies.

Fantasia on a theme by Thomas Thallis, parallel, modal

In the second verse of IMTP there is a ---- pedal underneath the sustained D minor chord.

G

BH has a generally bright sound apart from the funeral march which modulates to --- ------ , (suggested by --- ----- in the key sig)

G minor, two flats

VW was a good friend of ------ ----- and the two travelled England writing down folk melodies by ear.

Gustav Holst

In OWE there is lots of use of -------- in the strings and busy ------ rhythms in the piano part. This takes on the character of the storm and contributes to the stormy nature of the song (instruments taking on characters - typical of song cycle and lieder).

tremolo, sextuplet

The rhythms in the three songs are primarily ---------.

unsyncopated

In BH the instruments are used to imitate church bells, in the funeral march section there are both ----- and ------- notes played in the strings (captures the percussive and sustained parts of the bell's sound).

arco, pizzicato

In the static verses of OWE there is parallel ------ movement in the strings.

chromatic

In the live man's verse in IMTP there are lots of ------ chords, including ---- chords, ---- ------, ------- -----. Drawing from the chromaticism of Ravel etc

chromatic, augmented, Neapolitan sixth, diminished seventh

In the live man's verses in IMTP there are some cello ------- in the breaks of the vocal melody.

countermelody

The texture of BH is rather ------ but the dynamics are fairly soft for most of the song. This is reminiscent of ------'s piano writing.

dense, Ravel

There is a distinctive ----- ----- interval on the word ------ in OWE.

diminished fifth, uricorn

Just before the funeral march section in BH there is use of ghostly -------- (implications of death!). At the beginning of the song, the strings play with -----, to give a distant sound.

harmonics, mutes

Shortly after the static verse in OWE there is a ------- texture (vox + cello)

heterophonic

The harmony in BH is the most -------- of all the songs, there is use of stacked ------ and --- ----- chords over ---- ----- chords. The gentle ------ in the chords is reminiscent of church bells.

impressionistic, thirds, E minor, A minor, dissonance

The tenor melody in OWE is often doubled by the ---- hand of the ------ part,

left, piano

There are a few ------- in OWE (notably on the word "heaving").

melismas

The overarching texture in OWE is ------ ----- ------ and there are some moments of near -------- ( the opening falling + rising ------ chords for example).

melody dominated homophony, homorhythm, quartal

The melody in BH is based on a ----- mode on --.

mixolydian, G

In the dead man's verse of IMTP the strings use their ------ to create a soft and ghostly sound, there is a large ----- contrast between the dead verse vs live verse.

mutes, dynamic

At the realisation in IMTP the strings remove their ----- and make use of ------- to give a tense and unsettled atmosphere.

mutes, tremolo

IMTP opens with the strings playing in -------- ------- which is drawing from VW's renaissance influence.

parallel fifths

BH makes use of long ----- notes both at the top and bottom of the texture.

pedal

As OWE draws to a close, earlier melodies return in other parts of the texture- eg the initial ------- melody is in the ---- of the piano part.

pentatonic, LH

In BH, church bells are imitated with the falling ----- ------ (staccato strings) and with the descending ---- rhythm (compare to Debussy Sunken cathedral).

perfect fourths, triplet

As the ending of OWE dies away to ppp there is a repeated ----- cadence in -- minor. This is outlined with ------ in the piano.

perfect, G, octaves

The main instruments used in the songs are -----, a ---- ----- and ----- voice.

piano, string quartet, tenor

"The Lark Ascending" is perhaps the most famous VW piece which is named after a ---- of the same name. The piece has a generally ------ sound and draws on ------ music.

poem, nostalgic, folk

BH uses descending ----- chords in ----- in one of the verses.

quartal, triplets

At the end of OWE there is a modulation to the ----- minor key, which is --- minor. The opening of the piece is in ---- ------ and starts on a ----- chord, so is not initially settled.

relative, G, Bb major, IVb

At the end of IMTP there are ------- runs down the octaves using the initial strings idea in between runs.

septuplet

In the opening of OWE there are numerous ------ rhythms which slightly masks the --- time sig- the time sig is firmly established at the beginning of the -----.

sextuplet, 4/4, verse

OWE is a setting of -- poems from "-- ---- ----" by -- -- ------- who was also a fellow Trinity College member. The whole set of poems includes --- poems.

six, A Shropshire Lad, AE Housman, 63

There is some antiphony in OWW between the ------ vocal part and the ------ meander in the later verses.

static, chromatic

In later verses in OWE the melody is mainly ----- and includes some leaps of a ---- ------. There is word painting with an upward ------ leap on the word -----.

static, perfect fifth, octave, high

In IMTP the dead man has a rhythmically ------- verse whereas the live man's verse is more active, with lots of busy ----- rhythms.

static, triplet

The structure of each of the songs is -----, where the same/ similar melodies return with different words - very typical of folk song ( builds familiarity and recognisability)

strophic

Towards the end of OWE there is use of ---- ------- on the strings to give an icy sound (cold storm innit)

sul ponticello

The melody in OWE is mainly ------- and ------- , the large ----- are kept for the dramatic moments.

syllabic, conjunct, leaps

BH is played at an ------- tempo, with a ----- time sig. The ------ in the piano chords make ------- with the vocals.

adagio, 2/2, triplets, polyrhythms

After the moment of realisation in IMTP there is an ------- tempo marking which indicated to increase speed as if exited or agitated- adds to the drama innit

affretando

There is some use of a -------- texture in IMTP when the live man's melody and the cello notes seem similar (simplification type thing). There is also a brief ------- texture right at the end.

Heterophonic

The harmony in OWE is a mix of -------- and ------- harmony, drawing from influenced from composers such as ------ and ------.

Impressionistic, modal, Ravel, Tallis

The cycle draws from the German tradition of ------, an example of one of these is Schubert's --------- where 4 characters are portrayed (Son Father Narrator Horse (the character of the horse is taken on by the ----))

Lieder, Erlkonig, Piano

The melody in OWE is based on a ------- scale on ---, which draws from the -------- mode.

Pentatonic, G, mixolydian

VW studied at the ------ -- -------- ----- as well as ----- ---- -----, and was taught by ------ and ------. He was rather influenced by Tudor --------- and used lots of ------ harmonies (in line with his folk influences).

Royal College of Music, Trinity College Cambridge, Stanford, Parry, polyphony, modal

OWE is a ----- ------ which is a genre pioneered by ------ (--------- is an example of on of his) where multiple songs are grouped together and performed as one entity, often as settings of ----- to music,

Song cycle, Schubert, Winterreise, poetry

The piece ---- ----- ---- ----- by Ravel is an example of softly played but densely written piano music. There is use of impressionistic ------- and general ----- harmony.

Une Barque Sur L'Ocean, ripples, chromatic

OWE found popularity during ------ and was the first piece to bring VW widespread attention.

WW1