AAFCS 200 COMPOSITE TEXES, TExES AAFCS Composite Exam (200) Review, AAFCS 200 composite exam
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
(level 1) Physiological Needs, (level 2) Safety and Security, (level 3) Relationships, Love and Affection, (level 4) Self Esteem, (level 5) Self Actualization
Angular lines (diagonal and zigzags)
-Break the monotony of V and H lines by expressing excitement and movement. -More difficult to use successfully
intense colors
-bright and clear -stimulating -make objects appear larger and closer
Aging cheese names: Mild
1-3 months
adolescence (5, EE)
11-18; identity vs. role confusion; attempts to find place in society and identify future goals and the skills and values necessary to achieve those goals; becomes concerned with perceptions; if unable to determine future goals can lead to confusion about what roles the child will play when he or she reaches adulthood
Dairy, Fats, and oils
2-3 servings
Associative play(stage 3)
3-4 years, occurs when children begin to participate in games or activites together. Increased interest in peers
Aging cheese names: Sharp
6-9 months
mildly obese
A person that is 20-40% heavier than their ideal weight is
Daily values listed on food packaging assume that
A person's daily diet consists of 2000 calories
In general, accepting a stepparent is most difficult for
Adolescent girls
Erik Erickson
Developed theory on specific social tasks that need to emerge for healthy development.
Equity
Difference btw. amount of $ owed on a house and the value of the house.
Bias
Direction in most woven fabrics that has the greatest give or stretch.
Golden Rule
Do unto others as you would have them do unto you
Goulash
Eastern European descent made primarily of beef, vegetables, and paprika.
Class C Fire
Electircal fire
Fat measuring method
Electrical current
Appropriate tactic for a retail salesperson
Give compliment on ugly color, give compliment when appropriate
one advantage of large classes
Greater access to resources
Extra Credit Opportunity Act
Illegal to discriminate the granting of credit based on sex, martial status, age, race, color, religion, national origin, or because person is on welfare
limitation of liability
Limit on the amount of money that a hotel must pay a guest for a loss of property. Texas hotels are responsible for lost valuables up to $50 max.
USDA's Myplate
Pros: -Improvement over the Food Pyramid -Idea is to convey to public that half of plate should contain fruits and vegetables -veggies and grains 30% each, fruits and proteins 20% each Cons: -Too much emphasis on protein -Others argue that dairy recommendation should be removed altogether
Amino acids
Protein is made up of these The essential AA cant be made up by the body so we get them from food
cobblestones
Stone that has more rounded shape. Great material for walkways, commonly used on walls
Issac newton discovered...
That color is in light and not in the object that the light is hitting.
Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt (TODDLER)
Toddler begins to push for independence. If a child is permitted and encouraged to do things for him/herself, a sense of independence or freedom develops. Questioning ones ability and dependence characterize a negative outcome for this stage.
Vitamin C
Water soluble, energy giving vitamin that is also known as "Ascorbic Acid"
psychomotor skill
ability to coordinate physical movements. Control over simple and complex motor functions.
cognitive skill
ability to gather and understand information allows to comprehend new situations and apply the knowledge that they gathered elsewhere
want
anything that a person desires
physiological needs
basic needs: food, water, air, sleep
yeast bread
bread leavened with yeast White, whole wheat, rye
Schaefer
conceived of parenting styles as existing across two dimensions: 1 along a continuum from love to hostility, and along a continuum from autonomy to control.
Children between the ages of 6 and 8 should be able to
count coins
safety needs
elements need to feel sense of security; job, good health, safe place to live
What does "Skipper" mean at a hotel?
guest has left the hotel without making arrangements to settle his or her account.
Proportion
how the various images, lines, and other attributes of the garment appear to fit the garment when they are compared with one another. How the individual design elements relate to the design as a whole. Ex: One large rose with a bunch of little roses incorrectly proportioned.
Beginning Stage
is the first stage of the family life cycle. This stage includes a married couple with no children. The husband and wife set-up their new home and usually acquire basic household furnishings. This stage can be expensive
four factors when selecting a piece of clothing
price, purpose, quality, overall appearance
color
shade of the garment and how bright or dull and how light or dark that shade is
line
the seams and lines that are inherent to the fabric, as well as any designs present in the garment
Puffery
- A claim that is so obviously false that the advertiser does not expect consumers to believe it but uses it wit the hope that they will buy the product anyway. -Distort the meaning of something. "going out of business","sale"
Material Resources
- Fertile soil, petroleum, minerals, rivers - and man-made resources (buildings, money, equipment, computers)
Authoritarian Parenting
- tend to be very demanding, but not responsive. -They don't express much warmth or nurturing. -utilize punishments with little or no explanation. -They don't give children choices or options -They have little to no patience for misbehavior. -don't trust their children to make good choices. -not willing to negotiate -They may shame their children to force them to behave.
conspicuous consumption
-"Keeping up with the Jonese's" - Spending and consuming on a lavish scale
Sins of Omissions
-- illegal, Not telling everything
Fat
-A concentrated source of energy -Provides more energy per gram than any other nutrient -carries fat soluble vitamins (ADEK) through the body -lipids
Social Security
-A federal program under the direction of the SS Administration. Designed to give retired or disabled individuals some source of income. -Benefits after paying into it as an employee.
Bait and Switch - illegal
-A tactic whereby a product or service is advertised at a low price (bait), but when the consumer offers to buy, the merchant deprecates the product or service and recommends a higher priced product or service (switch). - illegal, Goal to get you to buy higher priced items
Carding
-A technique for untangling, cleaning and straightening fibers to produce a continuous web ir silver suitable for processing into yarns. - is a mechanical process that will help to disentangle and mix the fibers. It is sort of like brushing in two directions at the same time with stiff brushes.
Protein
-A three dimensional polymer made of monomers of amino acids. -Necessary for growth,repair and maintenance of the body -Energy
Market Economy
-Active Economy -an economic system in which economic decisions and the pricing of goods and services are guided solely by the aggregate interactions of a country's individual citizens and businesses. There is little government intervention or central planning.
During metabolism the energy released is captured by
-Adenosine Triphoapate -the final pathway in energy metabolism that transports electrons from hydrogen to oxygen and captures the energy released in the bonds of ATP; also called the respiratory chain
Better Business Bureau (BBB)
-An organization focused on advancing marketplace trust. -Using an accredited Business system they rank business, charities, and non-profits.
unsaturated fat
-An unsaturated fat is a fat or fatty acid in which there is at least one double bond within the fatty acid chain. A fatty acid chain is monounsaturated if it contains one double bond, and polyunsaturated if it contains more than one double bond. -Fats that are solid at room temp and that tend to increase cholesterol in the blood.
Teritary
-Are those between the secondary and primary colors on the CW. -Essential role in harmony -one primary and one secondary Ex: yellow-green, blue-green
Adjusted Balance Method
-BEST -Interest rate is applied to the balance of the bill after payment has been applied. - This usually is the most advantageous method for cardholders. The issuer determines your balance by subtracting payments or credits received during the current billing period from the balance at the end of the previous billing period. This method gives you until the end of the billing period to pay a portion of your balance to avoid the interest charges on that amount.
formal operational stage (stage 4: 12+ years)
-Becomes able to think still More abstractly, using deductive logic and approaching decisions and problems with a systematic fashion. -They can now thunk about ideas as well as objects and imagine objects or events that they have never actually experienced themselves
Carbohydrates
-Body's main source of energy -Helps the body use protein and fat more efficiently -3 types -sugars,starches,cellulose
Bankruptcy
-Chapter 13 = 7 years ; Chapter 7 = 10 years - A federal court procedure that helps consumers and business get rid of their debt and repay their creditors. "liquidation" or "reorganization"
Consumer Product Safety Commission
-Charged to protect the consumers from unreasonable risks associated with consumer products, to assist consumers in voluntary comparative safety of consumer products and more. -Regulates the production and sale of products that are potentially hazardous, sets safety standards, can ban products that are deemed hazardous to consumers, can seize products from the market.
Quantity Food Preparation
-Defined as one preparing foods in quantity to serve people within a designated period of time. --Complete meal services are provided to large groups in residence halls, retirement homes, hospitals and commercial restaurants. -Special foods and highly individualized services are characteristics of a hospital and certain restaurants. -Other establishments serve lunch to students and workers. -Short order and specialty food places cater to specific demands for certain foods and a particular type of preparation. -Away from home meals may be as simple as a drive in snack or as elaborate as a dinner in a fine hotel. -Food production in quantity consists of three general steps. 1. Preparation 2. Cooking 3. Finishing and portioning for service
Less intense colors
-Dull and grayed, -calmer effects -objects seem small and far away.
How to become a certified Interior designer
-Earn a 4 year degree in Interior Design -NCIDQ Exam -2 year job/training
Vitamin A
-FS -Helps respiratory infections and toward off night blindness -antioxidant
Vitamin K
-FS Needed to make blood cot -helps stop bleeding and reduces the livelihood of hemorrhage -Not a dietary antioxidant.
Garment label requirements
-Fiber content - Country of primary manufacture (Country of origin) -Identifying # of the producer or importer -Basic care instructions 1972 care labeling Act
Fabric pilling
-Fuzzy fibers that ball up and adhere to the outside of a garment. -Surface defect of textiles that normally occurs when washing/wearing fabrics
Vitamin D
-Growth, Development of bones and teeth -sunshine vitamin -maintains the level of calcium needed in the blood for clotting and keeping the heart, muscles and nerves active.
sensorimotor stage (Stage 1: 0-2 years)
-Infant interacts with the world primarily through the senses and actions he or she can perform on objects. They don't have the ability yet to represent objects or people to themselves mentally. -world is based upon what the infant can see and act upon at the moment.
Average daily balance method
-Interest rate is applied to daily average balance during the current billing cycle - 30 days. -This is the most common calculation method. It credits your account from the day the issuer receives your payment.
Federal Reserve System
-MONEY -is the central banking system of the United States of America.
concrete operational stage (Stage 3: 6-12 years)
-Major step forward in the abstractness of thoughts -Conservation -think logically but still very concrete,
Space
-Most important of all the elements.
Food product labels
-Must show the identity of food by its common or usual name -the form of food -name,address , of manufacturer, packer or distributor -net content or net weight -size of the servings Ingredients in the order of quantity beginning with largest amount -nutrition labeling
Consumer Bill of Rights
-The Right to Safety -The Right to be Informed -The Right to Choose -The Right to be Heard
Intensity of color
-The degree of brightness, dullness,strength, or weakness of a color. -describes the degree of purity or strength
biscuit method
-The dry ingredients are combined first -A pastry blender is then used to cut the fat into the flour mixture. -liquid is added last —knead
Housing and Urban Development
-The government agency that concentrates on offering consumers information and education programs that focus on family related concerns is the: -administers programs that provide housing and community development assistance. The Department also works to ensure fair and equal housing opportunity for all.
Value
-The lightness or darkness of a color in reaction to Black or White. -Value of the color depends on the amount of light the color reflects -white added=tint, black added= shade
Programing Phase (#1 phase in Design process)
-The research phase -creating a client profile -establish basic guidelines -budget -schedule -consulting
Previous balance
-WORST -Interest is applied to total amount of bill. -This is the amount you owed at the end of the previous billing period. Payments, credits, and purchases made during the current billing period are not included. Some creditors exclude unpaid finance charges.
Formal balance
-When a design is exactly the same on both sides, orderly feeling -Symmetrical balance, equal weight on equal sides of central, identical objects
401K Plan
-You cannot use the money saved as a collateral for loans, They can invest in anything the wish, they match employee's contributions, pre-tax savings. -contribution plan where an employee can make contributions from his or her paycheck either before or after-tax, depending on the options offered in the plan. The contributions go into a 401(k) account, with the employee often choosing the investments based on options provided under the plan.
Neglectful/Uninvolved parents
-a lack of responsiveness to a child's needs. Uninvolved parents make few to no demands of their children and they are often indifferent, dismissive, or even completely neglectful. -They're emotionally distant from their children -They offer little or no supervision -They show little warmth, love, and affection towards their children -They have few or no expectations or demands for behavior -They don't attend school events and parent-teacher conferences -They may intentionally avoid their children -They're often too overwhelmed by their own problems to deal with their children
actuaries
-a person who compiles and analyzes statistics and uses them to calculate insurance risks and premiums. -which individuals in a large group will die in a given period of time
Decorative Design
-adds to the structural shape. it is decoration that is applied to the surface of the object. -Should not be used freely and should follow the shape of the object.
Scaled drawing
-allows an interior designer to show a client what a room will look like and how the furnishings will fit into phases.
Northern Climates
-because glass is not a good insulator and loses heat faster than most other building materials, any large windows should be facing south so that they capture winter sunlight. -houses should be small and compact, with small window openings for minimal heat loss. -Tudor, cottage, prairie houses
Factor that affect Preparing a menu
-cost -equipment -skill level -Food availability
Implementation Phase (#4 phase in Design process)
-design comes together -Designer is responsible for workers schedule to complete projects and supervise -help with move in
Design Development Phase (#3 phase in Design process)
-drawings are refined in more detail: floor plans, elevations, sections, and possibly perspectives. -select materials -purchase selected items -select colors and finishes -estimate costs -prepare final design -Make presentation to client.
Workers compensation
-form of insurance providing wage replacement and medical benefits to employees injured in the course of employment in exchange for mandatory relinquishment of the employee's right to sue their employer for the tort of negligence.
To be a good Restaurant:
-good service -food quality -atmosphere/environment -cost/price
Indulgent/Permissive parents
-low demands with high responsiveness -Have few rules or standards of behavior -When there are rules, they are often very inconsistent -Are usually very nurturing and loving towards their kids -Often seem more like a friend, rather than a parent -May use bribery such as toys, gifts and food as a means to get child to behave -Provide little in the way of a schedule or structure -Emphasize their children's freedom rather than responsibility -Ask their children's opinions on major decisions -Rarely enforce any type of consequences
Modular Home
-manufactured in a production facility and are built in two or more sections in a controlled factory setting that are then transported and assembled on location. The assemble process typically uses a traditional concrete foundation (permanent). Unlike a mobile home, a modular home cannot be moved once built
Softwoods
-needle bearing trees or evergreens that retain their leaves all year. -fir, pine,cedar, redwood, and spur e. -more readily available -shape more easily with basic tools -doesn't take finishes as easily as other woods.
Evaluation Phase (#5 phase in Design process)
-period following the completion of the project where the designer evaluates the completed project. And determines what adjustments are necessary.
Authoritative parents
-reasonable demands and high responsiveness. -They listen to their children. -They encourage independence. -They place limits, consequences, and expectations on their children's behavior. -They express warmth and nurturence -They allow their children to express opinions. -They encourage their children to discuss options. -They administer fair and consistent discipline.
Preliminary Phase (#2 phase in Design process)
-rough sketches -Brainstorming phase -concept development -Approve drawings and concept before moving to the nest phase.
Structural design
-the basic form created by the size, shape, color, and texture of an object. -Function determines its type of structural design .
analogous
-use of colors next to each other on the color wheel - 3 to 6 colors, 1 color is dominant and the other ones are used in smaller amounts
Family and Medical Leave Act
-which is a federal law that guarantees certain employees up to 12 workweeks of unpaid leave each year with no threat of job loss. -also requires that employers covered by the law maintain the health benefits for eligible workers just as if they were working.
Worsted wool
-wool that has been spun into a fine yarn from parallel threads -Worsted: Stronger, finer, and smoother. Imagine a nice suit fabric.
Fibonacci sequence
0,1,1,2,3,5,8,13
sensorimotor stage (Piaget's theory of cognitive development)
0-2 years; period during which a child uses their senses of sight, hearing, and touch to learn about and explore elements of the world. Using senses, able to discover new ways of solving simple problems. Begin to develop hand-eye coordination and ability to reason out a method of achieving goals.
Aging cheese names: Current
0-30 days
Conflict resolution techniques
1)identify the problem 2)recognize each memeber of the conflict's position while minimizing hostility 3)move toward compromise -during each step must remain as patient and understanding as possible
younger years (2, EE)
1-3; autonomy vs. shame and doubt; need to become independent and learn skills such as using toilet without assistance. If can't establish independence, will develop feelings of shame and doubt about their ability to function without assistance
A model for responsible decision-making to students
1.describe the situation requiring you to make a decision 2.list all of the decisions you could potentially make 3.share this list of potential decisions with an adult you trust 4.Evaluate what the consequences of each of decisions could be 5.determine which of the decisions you identified is the most appropriate and responsible one 6.take action on the decision you've chosen 7.evaluate the outcomes of the decision that you have made
Components of a business plan
1.description of business 2.marketing plan 3. Financial management plan 4. Management plan 5. Supporting documents 6. Financial projections
three universal concepts of well-constructed clothing
1.functional 2.inconspicuous 3.durable
Problem solving steps
1.identify problem and determine cause 2.develop list of solutions 3.attempt to determine benefits of each solution 4.choose one that best solves problem 5.monitor to make sure solved 6.decide whether worked or try something else
decision process before making a purchase
1.need recognition 2.information gather 3.evaluate choices 4.decide and purchase 5.post purchase evaluation
Serving size for cooked veggies and fruit
1/2 cup
formal operational stage (4, Piaget)
11-end of life; more abstract concepts and develops a logical way of thinking about those concepts. Ideas that are less concrete or absolute and that cannot necessarily be backed up by physical evidence or observation such as morality, advanced math, and a person's state of being. can understand all the variables in a problem and able to determine most, if not all, the possible solutions to a problem rather than just most obvious solutions.
Which individual has the highest demand for protein?
13 months - 12 years
early adulthood (6, EE)
18-34; intimacy vs. isolation; needs to begin establishing intimate relationships with others; If unable, will become more withdrawn and will isolate from others; prevents from forming lasting relationships
preoperational stage (2, Piaget)
2-7; children begin to use words, symbols, and pictures to describe what they have discovered about particular elements of the world around them. Begin to develop an understanding of language, and they can focus their attention on a particular subject or object. Have a faulty sense of logic when attempting to understand concepts like volume, mass, and number when some element is changed.
A mire poix is made of
25% celery, 25% carrots, 50% onions
What is the maximum percentage of income a family should spend on housing
25% to 30%
What percent of income is spent on nondurable goods?
25-30 percent
Vegetable serving size
3-5 or 2.5 ???
Nuts, seeds, and legumes are (high/low) in fiber.
3-5 servings
early childhood (3, EE)
3-5; initiative vs. guilt; need to discover the ambition necessary to continue functioning independently; strongly linked with moral development as they use make-believe to explore what kind of person want to be. If unable to explore ambitions, will develop feelings of guilt as begin to see ambitions, dreams, and goals as unattainable or inappropriate.
Aging cheese names: Medium
3-6 months
middle adulthood (7, EE)
35-60; generativity vs. stagnation; continuing genetic line before too late; generativity any act that gives something of value to the next generation such as teaching children to read; if unable to contribute, will feel sense of failure resulting from stagnation, lack of accomplishment
vegetables and fruits
4-5 servings
danger zone
40-140 degrees F
middle childhood (4, EE)
6-10; industry vs. inferiority; need to develop ability to complete productive tasks such as school work and working in groups; could develop a sense of inferiority as result of their inability to complete the tasks set before them that their peers are capable of completing
Grains
6-8 servings
later adulthood (8, EE)
60-end; ego integrity vs. despair; examine course of life by reflecting on kind of person have been; despair and fear death as end of further achievement
concrete operational stage (3, Piaget)
7-11; stage in which a child's thinking becomes more logical regarding concrete concepts; capable of understanding concepts of mass, volume, and number; begins to identify and organize objects according to shape, size, and color. Will not be able to understand more abstract concepts like calculus or algebra.
Aging cheese names: Extra
9 months to 5 yrs
Folic Acid
A B vitamin that aids in the synthesis of hemoglobin, which is required to transport oxygen throughout the bloodstream
Stylized design
A basic form but are much more simplistic in shape or form.
Disaccharide
A double sugar molecule made of two monosaccharides bonded together through dehydration synthesis. -sucrose,lactose and maltose -they are broken down into monosaccharides during digestion
What does "Sleep out" mean at a hotel?
A guest is registered to the room, but the bed has not been used.
Small Claims Court
A legal mechanism available in all states to solve legal problems involving small sums of money. -A Judge exercises broad powers in this court. HE or she decided the case and there is no jury. Judges ruing may be apealed to a higher court.
Chamber of Commerce
A local association to promote and protect the interests of the business community in a particular place.
Duopoly
A market situation in which 2 sellers dominate a specific market industry.
merely overweight
A person that is less than 20% heavier than their ideal weight is
severely obese
A person that is more than 100% heavier than their ideal weight is
moderately obese
A person who is 41-100% heavier than their ideal weight is
Consumer Reports
A publication that reports consumer product test results by brand name and model number and accepts no advertising
saturated fat
A saturated fat is a type of fat in which the fatty acid chains have all or predominantly single bonds. A fat is made of two kinds of smaller molecules: glycerol and fatty acids. Fats are made of long chains of carbon atoms.
Oligopoly
A situation in which few sellers (4 or less) control the majority of a supply or service produced.
Regressive Tax
A tax requiring a smaller fraction of income increases, tax is measured against what is spent. Ex. Sales Tax
Progressive Tax
A tax that requires a larger fraction of income as that income increases. Ex: Income Tax
Proportional Tax
A tax that requires the same fraction of income from tax payers of all income levels. Ex:
Fat soluble vitamins
A, D, E, K (can be stored)
Progression or Gradation (ID)
Accomplished by making gradual successive changes in design. sequence produced by increasing or decreasing one or more qualities.
PH
Acid and base content 0-14 -Below 7 indicates increasing acidity - 7:neutrality -above 7 indicates increasing alkalinity
What will help get the red stain out of a cashmere shirt?
Alkaline
Unrefined grains (whole-grain)
All 3 parts of the kernel are kept together Ex:whole wheat flour
flour
All purpose:8% to 11% of protein Bread flour: 12 to 14% Cake flour: 8% to 10% Pastry flour: 9 to 10%
Feature of a dress that makes you look taller.
An Empire waist.
Federal Trade Comission (FTC)
An agency whose basic responsibility is to help consumers find needed information or locate the appropriate agency to assist them with their problems.
Echolalia
An infant imitating adult speech
Cash Card
Any electronic payment card that stores cash fro various types of payments Ex: Bank Debit Cards, prepaid debit cards, gift cards, and payroll cards
Semi-soft cheese
Anything that is whiter and not aged Ex:bleu, brick, Monterey, mozarella, muenster
Cotton
Appropriate type of fabric to wear in high humidity with temps in the upper 90s.
Filament Yarns
Are made by twisting together several strands of fiber -fabric made from these yarn has a smooth lustrous surface.
water soluble vitamins
B and C not stored, part of bodies waste
What level of education is needed to be a retail buyer in the textile industry?
Bachelors Degree
aerobic
Bacteria requiring oxygen to live
cephalocaudal growth
Body develops from the head downward
spousal dysfunction
Bowen; involves the partner pressuring the other to behave in certain ways, and the other acceding to that pressure. If tensions increase, the subordinate partner gives up enough self-control yielding to dominant partner to become significantly more anxious.
emotional distance
Bowen; occurs in relation to others; when interactions between family members become too intense, they develop emotional distance to decrease intensity. Can become overly isolated, and lose intimacy in their relationship
child impairment
Bowen; parents project their own anxieties onto their child; view child idealistically, either negatively or idealistically. Child reciprocated by focusing excessively on the parents, overreacting to parental expectations, need, and attitudes.
Schemas ( 1 of 3 components of Piagets theory)
Building blocks of knowledge
parallel play (stage 2)
By 18 months (toddlers)the child plays beside but not with, nearby children. Some watch others as they play some may not pay attention, focused more on toys that the children.
Intangible Resources
Cannot be touched - integrity, confidence, literacy
Checks that guarantee payment
Certified, cashiers and travelers
Complimentary color scheme
Colors opposite each other on the color wheel
Triad Color Scheme
Combines THREE colors that are equidistant on the color wheel
accented neutral color scheme
Combines white, gray, black, or beige with ONE other color as an accent
Common stock
Common stocks are one form of a piece of ownership of a corporation. They are the type of stock that most people are thinking of when they use the term "stock." Since stocks are partial ownership of a corporation, they are also known as "shares." Common stocks allow stockholders to vote on corporate issues, such as the board of directors and accepting takeover bids. Most of the time, stockholders receive one vote per share. Stockholders also receive a copy of the corporation's annual report.
Granite
Common type of natural rock used in the construction of walls and counters. Available in dark grays, pinks, greens, yellows, browns and blacks. I
Affective communication
Communication in which an individual demonstrates his or her feelings through facial expressions, motions, gestures, or by outright stating their feelings
Cellulose
Complex carbohydrate found in plant cells. -sometimes called fiber or roughage -made up of indigestible fibers -no energy to body -provides bulk to aid digestion and elimination of body wastes
Starches
Complex carbohydrates that are composed of many sugars linked together.
Vitamins
Compounds found in food that help regulate many body processes
competitive consumption
Consumers Irrational desire to compete with one another to prove financial superiority by paying higher prices.
monochromatic
Contains 2 or more variations of the same hue/color. Includes various shades, intensities and tints if that 1 color.
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability (HIPAA)
Creates national standards to protect individuals medical records and other personal heath info.
A person complains about a loud neighbor and the hotel staff moves him to another room what is it called?
Credit per Marilyn
When cutting out a pattern, notches should be
Cut out, away from the seam allowance
Medicaid
Designed by Federal Govt. as a state program to hep those who need and qualify for medical assistance. -nursing homes -ppl with limitations in daily activities.
work triangle
Developed to allow minimum and maximum distances between the sink, refrigerator, and the stove.
B.F. Skinner
Emphasized that almost all behavior is LEARNED and can be increased by positive consequences and decreased by negative consequences.
Industry vs. Inferiority
Erikson's stage between 6 and 11 years, when the child learns to be productive. They learn a sense of mastery or inadequacy
Trust vs. Mistrust
Erikson's stage during the first year of life, infants learn to trust when they are cared for in a consistent warm manner
Recipe is passed on a certain culture, what happens to it over time?
Evolves
Semi-hard cheese
Extensive aging process Ex: cheddar, Colby, gouda, edam,gruyer,provolone, Swiss
Wicking
Fabric used in athletic wear that keeps both the wearer and the clothing dry by moving moisture away from the skin.
Quick bread
Fast-acting leavening Bread leavened with air, steam, and/or carbon dioxide from baking soda or baking powder. Muffins, buiscuits, nutbread
Medicare
Federal Program that helps older ppl (65+) in paying their medical bills.
Class B Fire
Fire started with gas, grease or other liquid
Class A Fire
Fire started with wood, paper, or trash
Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP)
Food safety system that highlights potentially hazardous food and how it should be handled Monitor agriculture food production. Educate employees on their roles in producing safe food products. Help assist in prevention of food-borne illnesses. Ensure that unsafe food does not reach consumers.
Tones
Formed by adding both black and white to a hue. A tone can also be formed by adding some if the colors direct compliment.
Frame Houses
Frame construction means a Type of construction in which the structural parts are of wood or are dependent on a wooden frame for support and is built on site
carded
Garment made of short and thick cotton fibers
Abstract design
Generally familiar types of motifs or shapes but done in an unrecognizable ways.
What role does genes play in our development?
Genes determine our traits
wealth
Goods and Services that promote the well-being of consumers.
hard cheese
Grading cheeses Ex:Parmesan, romano
What does "On-Queue:" mean at a hotel?
Guest has arrived at the hotel, but the room assigned is not yet ready. In such cases, the room is put on Queue status in-order for the housekeeping staff to prioritize such rooms first.
Conventional Oven
Has a fan
Conduction
Heat transfer by direct contact
infared
Heat waves, travel in a straight line
Vitamin E
Helps protect cell membranes and protect vitamin A from being damaged by too much oxygen. -slows down aging process -heals scar
affective skill
How effectively an individual can recognize, understand and handle emotions and relationships. Allows an individual to feel appropriate emotion in response to certain situations or stimuli.
Ego Integrity vs. Despair (OLDER ADULT)
If the previous 7 crises have been successfully resolved, mature adults develop a sense of virtue. They see their lives as successful and worthwhile. They are proud of their work, their families, and they reap the benefits of a fulfilling life. The unsuccessful resolution is disappointment: a negative appraisal of ones life and the realization that it is too late to start over
Decision making process should identify relevant influences which involves finding those influences that are:
Important to goal attainment 1. State problem. 2. Set goals 3. Identify resources available 4. List alternatives to problem 5. Make the decision.
radial balance
In interior design, the arrangement of elements in a pattern around some central point.
Universal default clause
Increase the interest rate if just one late payment is made to ANOTHER creditor of any sort.
Benefits of family recreation
Increased stability of the family and of interactions within it, a way to maintain family relationships, and more
Clear communication
Individual explicitly states the information is trying to convey; ex: "I am upset bc Daniel is not home from the movies yet."
object permanence (2 of 3 stages of sensorimotor)
Infants do not know that An object exist if they cannot, see, feel, hear, smell, or tasted. 3later as memory abilities improve infants begin to develop object permanence
Basic Trust vs. Mistrust (INFANTS)
Infants forms first trusting relationships with caregiver. Warmth, affection, and consistency of care lead to a positive, secure attachment with primary caregiver. Inadequate care results in fear and mistrust. Since the relationship is the prototype for all others, those with a primarily negative resolution to this stage may struggle with forming close relationships for the rest of their lives.
Minerals
Inorganic matter, neither found in plant or animal. -in the diet come from plants or from animals that eaten the plants
Two-cycle or Double-cycle Balances
Issuers sometimes calculate your balance using your last two month's account activity. This approach eliminates the interest-free period if you go from paying your balance in full each month to paying only a portion each month of what you owe.
When heat is applied to protein
It Coagulates
Major criticism of Levinson's "seasons" of life model
It overstates the importance of the mid-life crisis
Caveat emptor
Latin phrase meaning "let the buyer beware". The buyer needs to be aware of products that might be defective.
Good Samaritan Law
Law that gives certain persons legal protection when giving aid to someone in an emergency
Fair Credit Reporting Act (FACT ACT)
Legislation giving consumers the right to know what information consumer reporting about them to creditors, insurance companies, and employers.
When substituting regular milk for buttermilk in a recipe, it is important to add
Lemon juice or vinegar
What happens when you add extra water to pastries?
Makes dough tough and leathery and it shrinks.
Fair Debt Collections Practices Act
Makes it a federal offense for a debt collector to threaten with violence, use obscene language, or contact consumer by telephone at inconvenient times
Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Maslow's pyramid of human needs; must satisfy levels below before reaching to next; can go up and down pyramid stages physiological needs safety love and belonging esteem self-actualization
Medical Asepsis
Means free from germs o bacteria that may cause infection.
Radiation
Method of cooking using wave action
Psychoanalytic Theories
Method of learning about mental processes and of treating some mental disorders through the use of techniques association.
Most important for a homeowner to consider when calculating the amount of $ needed in a budget.
Mortgage
Single ply yarns
Most fabrics are made from these
Jean Piaget
Most influential on early childhood education, described how children's thinking is unique in each of the 4 stages.
Wool pants
Most resistant to wrinkles
Which of the following characteristics gives wool it's resiliency
Natural cross links and crimps -Wool is the most resilient fiber because it has a natural crimp that helps it keep its shape. Wrinkles disappear when the garment or fabric is steamed. Good wool is very soft and resilient; poor wool is harsh.
Social Learning Theory
New behaviors are earned primarily through observing the behavior of others. Observational learning or Modeling.
Why is meat purple in the center
Not receiving enough oxygen
Hazard Communication Standard(HCS)
OSHA establishes the standard -right to know and to be trained
Preschoolers do what type of play?
Objective, solitary play, parallel
Publication of US Dept of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics is called
Occupational Outlook Handbook
Du' jour menu
Off the day
Monopoly
One seer controls the supply of a product or service.
Most important element of menu planning is:
Price of the ingredients
spun yarns
Produced by twisting many stable fibers together -fabrics made from these have a fuzzy surface
Most appropriate technique for evaluating students in laboratory-based course
Product or performance checklists based on established standards.
chalazae cords
Protein, hold the yolk in the center of the egg
Starch
Question about 6 major nutrients
Tangible Resources
Real, touchable, concrete, able to appraised - jewelry, land, houses
"The Golden Mean"
Refers to a formula for achieving perfect proportion.
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Regulates the labeling and safety of food, drugs, and cosmetics sold throughout the United States. -in charge of cereal boxes stating they are "high in Fiber"
USDAS Food safety and Inspection Service (FSIS)
Regulates the labeling if meat and pultrybfood products
Truth in Lending Act
Requires any organization issuing credit to a consumer to disclose the full terms of the lending arrangement and all costs associated with entering into that arrangement.
non-financial resources
Resources that are not cash or cannot be sold outright and turned into cash, can be extremely useful to a family that is experiencing financial problems. Can be used to produce income or reduce costs. Don't sell your house, but rent out a room to make some extra money. A family member who is a seamstress could lower a family's costs by mending everyone's clothing instead of throwing it away or buying new garments.
Cyclical stock
Risky Stock
Correct technique for rolling out pie crust.
Rolling the dough from the center out with a floured rolling pin, and turning dough occasionally.
cooperative play (stage 4)
Seen in middle childhood (5+), in this play children work together to compete against another team.
Human Resources
Skills, talents, and abilities that people possess
Third Degree Burn
Skin Partially destroyed FA: Cover entire area with a dry sterile dressing.
First Degree Burn
Skin Reddened but unbroken FA: Place under cold Water
Second Degree Burn
Skin Reddened, blisters formed FA: Place under cod water, cover with a dry sterie dressing.
market segment
Small identifiable groups of customer or guests who share a specific set of needs or expectations
Proximodistal Growth
Starts at the center of the body and outward
Convectional oven
Stationary from bottom
soft cheese
Still sift, some moisture, spreadable Ex:brie,cream,cottage
Ashlar
Stone that is cut to have more uniform rectilinear or straight shape. Great material to utilize for interior and exterior walls.
Hemoglobin
Substance in red blood cells that carries oxygen to all cells -also absorbs carbon dioxide from cells and return to lungs
Enzymes
Substances that help the body digest and use food
Ethics
Systems of moral values, duties, or obligations that deal with what is right or wrong. Rules, standards ,codes
Muffin method
Technique for making quick breads by lightly mixing liquid ingredients into dry -Lumpy batter
Peter Principle
The Peter principle is a concept in management theory formulated by educator Laurence J. Peter and published in 1969. It states that the selection of a candidate for a position is based on the candidate's performance in their current role, rather than on abilities relevant to the intended role. Thus, employees only stop being promoted once they can no longer perform effectively, and "managers rise to the level of their incompetence".
Genetavity vs. Stagnation (MIDDLE AGE ADULT)
The ability to give of oneself, in the sense of marriage and parenthood as well as work, is the positive outcome of this stage. Selfishness, the inability to give of oneself, is the negative outcome
Seration
The ability to put things into an order Ex-large to small
Cash value
The amount of money received if an insurance policy is surrendered before maturity or before death of insured party.
Hue
The basic color identity or the specific name of a color such as red, blue or green -does not imply color purity
preventative consumerism
The best remedy for fraud is:
preoperational stage (Stage 2: 2-6 years)
The child can now represent things to himself internally, but he is still focusing his attention on such external characteristics of objects or people as size shape, color and clothing. still uses these features to categorize in groups. Egocentric still can't think logically, memory is improving, identities and function. the ability to imagine the mental lives of others (sympathy) emerges
Identity vs. Role Confusion (ADOLESCENT)
The critical issue for this stage is the development of a consistent personality or sense of self. The positive outcome involved the ability to answer the questions: "who am i? what will i become?" In contemporary society, this stage often extends into young adulthood as a person typically experiments with many behaviors, roles, and identities before achieving a lasting and satisfying one
Couture
The design and manufactures of fashionable clothes to a clients specific requirements and measurements
What does "on change" mean at a hotel?
The guest has departed, but the room has not yet been cleaned and ready for sale.
isolation
The lack of exposure to new ideas or practices of specific groups is known as
Scale
The law of proportion when applied to the size relations of objects used together. -size relationships
OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration)
The organization responsible for health and safety in the workplace.
Designing a house with small children.
The placement of bedrooms is important.
White represents
The presence of all colors
Hydrogenation
The process of converting vegetable oil into a solid.
food irradiation
The process of using radioactive materials to disinfect and preserve certain types of food; reduces consumer's risk of food borne illness
Individuation
The process through which a person comes to think of themselves as a distinct person despite being a member of a family is known as
Trademark
The protection of a name or logo.
What does "Vacant and ready" mean at a hotel?
The room has been cleaned and inspected and is ready for an arriving guest.
Cake method
The shortening is creamed with the sugar and eggs. Then the sifted ingredients are added alternately with the liquids.
rack rate
The standard rate for a room in a hotel; also known as the walk-in rate.
Intimacy vs. Isolation (YOUNG ADULT)
The successful young adult, for the first time, can experience true familiarity with others, the sort of acquaintances that makes possible good marriage or a genuine and enduring friendship. The unsuccessful outcome is aloneness and despair. Prior achievement of a consistent sense of self is crucial to a successful resolution of this stage
Convection
The transfer of thermal energy by the circulation or movement of a liquid or gas
Adaptation Process (2 of 3 components of Piagets theory)
The transition from one stage to another -Equilibrium -Assimilation -accommodation
what determines the type of care you would provide?
The type of finish. -consider the source of the stain -the kind of surface to be cleaned. -mildest cleaning agent.
Jean Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development
Theorizes that children will learn more effectively if they are allowed to actively adapt to the world around them through play and exploration. Four stages are: 1) sensorimotor stage - ages 0-2 2) preoperational stage -ages 2-7 3) concrete stage - ages 7-11(concrete operational stage where child's thinking becomes more logical regarding concrete concepts.) 4) formal operational stage - ages 11 and up (formal operational stage...during this stage, an individual understands more abstract concepts and develops a logical way of thinking about those concepts. This is important to the study of child development because it was the first theory that recognized that children can actively and effectively learn on their own rather tan being dependent on another person for learning to occur.
Horizontal Lines
They are not as strong as vertical lines, but they create a sense of rest. These lines are comforting as in the horizon. They suggest serenity, repose, and relaxation. Width if an object.
Vertical Lines
They are the strongest. They give an impression of dignity, formality, and strength. They create a structural impression suggesting vertical supports used in buildings. They add height to a room whether found in walls, doorways, windows, wallpaper, or furnishings.
Symbolic thought and Language Development (3of 3 stages of sensorimotor)
They can start separating reality and imagination, symbols, words to represent ideas Both a social and mental skill involves physical development.
Initiative vs. Guilt (PRESCHOOLER)
This stage occurs during the preschool years of early childhood when children begin exploring their environments, first develop awareness of the different social roles existing around them and experience feelings of either purpose and accomplishment or guilt and inhibition.
Iodine
Thyroid gland function, growth, metabolism Ex: salt, seafood
Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978
To amend Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to prohibit sex discrimination on the basis of pregnancy.
conservation
To understand that even though one property of an object changes, other properties stay the same Ex: OJ in a wide cup to a long cup
Behaviorism
Traditional earning theory that credits environment as primary source of development factors only born with reflexes.
Active listening
Trying to understand what the others are saying and why, identify feelings.
Foundation
Type of plan that shows location of house on a site indicates such as garages, walks, walls
solitary play (1st stage)
Up to months of age a child plays alone with toys . No attempts to play with others
Rhythm
Use patterns of repetition/contrast to create visual interest of moving the eye around the room.
Braising
Uses both dry and moist heat.
Geometric design
Using lines, curves, circles, squares, or any other geometrical shape.
What affect does food allergies have on children:
Vomiting, Hives, Diarrhea, stomach cramps...
Order of Washing dishes:
Wash, rinse, sanitize
Net cash flow
What is left over after all the the income is totaled and all expenditures are subtracted. If the net is positive number, then business is making a profit.
direct communication
When a person who is attempting to convey a given piece of information SIMPLY STATES that information to the person he or she wants to receive the information Ex: Jimmy, go set the table.
instrumental communication
When an individual informs another member of the family of a piece of factual information that is necessary to carry out the normal day to day functions of a family; Ex: Mother telling child where to find their socks
Myoglobin
When it's exposed to oxygen, it becomes the dominant pigment -Myoglobin is a water-soluble protein that stores oxygen for aerobic metabolism in the muscle. It consists of a protein portion and a nonprotein porphyrin ring with a central iron atom. The iron atom is an important player in meat color. The defining factors of meat color are the oxidation (chemical) state of the iron and which compounds (oxygen, water or nitric oxide) are attached to the iron portion of the molecule. -Thus, myoglobin can change from a dark purple color to a bright red color simply from oxygenation or to a brown color by losing electrons.
Gluten
When liquid is mixed with flour this is formed from the protein in flour. It is the elastic framework that starches and holds the gas bubbles formed by the leavening as it rises.
indirect communication
When the person communicating the information states the information but not to anyone in particular. Ex: We need to set the table.
role
a collection of social rights, behaviors, and obligations that are assigned to a particular individual; ex: mother= provider
split complementary color scheme
a color and two colors on each side of its complement
Financial Counselor/ Debt Manager
a community worker who acts without a conflict of interest, as a negotiator and an advocate on behalf of people experiencing financial hardship or who are unable to manage their debts.
liability
a financial obligation of a business that is required to pay in the future -loans -wages -taxes
business plan
a formal written document that describes the nature of a business and how it will operate
Extended Family
a grandparent lives with the parents and children
law of increasing costs
a principle that states that once all factors of production (land, labor, capital) are at maximum output and efficiency, producing more will cost more than average. As production increases, the opportunity cost does as well.
A rechaud is
a stand, heated by a flame below, that cooks food
trans fat
a type occurring in margarines and manufactured cooking oils as a result of the hydrogenation process, having a trans arrangement of the carbon atoms adjacent to its double bonds. Consumption of such acids is thought to increase the risk of atherosclerosis.
hypertension
abnormally high blood pressure; can impact virtually every part of the body as increased force of blood against the artery walls can severely damage the body's organs; eliminate excessive drinking and smoking -healthy: 90/50-120/80 -prehypertension: 120/80-140/90 -hypertension: 140/90
unity
achieved when all of the other principles and elements of design are brought together to create the desired image
The Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES)
advance agriculture, the environment, human health and well-being, and communities" by supporting research, education, and extension programs at land-grant universities and other organizations
Iron
aids in proper functioning of virtually all the muscles and organs; allows body to form hemoglobin: protein in blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. Lack of iron: anemia, condition in which unable to make hemoglobin; oatmeal, spaghetti, green beans, chicken, green leafy veggies
Radiation (ID)
all components of a composition are balanced around a center.
fats
allow certain vitamins A,D,E, and K to be digested and absorbed by the body; can only be broken down and used when enough fat is present; help maintain body's temperature, promote hair, skin, and overall cell health, protect body's organs, protect against some diseases, and act as a means of storing energy for body to use later
RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowance)
amount of each vitamin, mineral, or other nutrient that health professionals believe an individual needs to receive daily in order to stay healthy; replaced by RDI
fiscal year
an accounting period that is one year long
General Services Administration
an independent agency of the United States government, was established in 1949 to help manage and support the basic functioning of federal agencies0
circular reaction (1 of 3 stages of sensorimotor)
an infant's repetition of a reflexive action that results in a pleasurable experience
Fair Housing Act
anti-discrimination act that prevents a seller or organization offering financing for a home from denying to sell, rent, or finance a residence on the basis of race, color, gender, religion, family status, national origin, or handicap
drug
any chemical substance that changes the way a person acts or feels; according to WHO drug abuse is any excessive drug use that is not approved by medical profession
emphasis
any designs, details, or parts of the garment that draw people's attention to the garment. Shouldn't be too flashy or gaudy.
natural fibers
any fibers that are taken from plants or animals
capital and capital goods
any financial and human-made resources, including money, tools, equipment, buildings, and houses
family
any group of people who live together in the same household even if they are not related by blood or legal ties
information resources
any resources that allow an indiv or org to find, compile, and put to use knowledge that might help in achieving a particular goal
heritage
anything inherited from one's ancestors, including traditions, customs, or physical characteristics
resource
anything that can be used to aid either in the daily functioning of an individual or organization or in the achievement of a particular goal.
Pensions
are funds paid to retired employees who paid into a pension fund while they were employed.
vitamin c
ascorbic acid; important bc helps protect the health of the skin, bones, teeth, cartilage, and blood vessels; acts as an antioxidant that helps reduce the negative effects that oxygen reactions within the body can have on cells; production of collagen; deficiency leads to scurvy: liver spots on skin and gums, bleeding from mucous membranes
informal balance
asymmetrical, placing different but equivalent designs in wither side of a central point
family life cycle (9 stages)
bachelor stage, newly married couple, full nest stage 1, full nest stage 2, full nest stage 3, empty nest stage 1, empty nest stage 2, solitary survivor in labor force, retired solitary survivor
principles of design
balance, emphasis, proportion, rhythm, and unity
Childbearing stage
begins when a couple has their first child and continues until the last child is born. This stage of the family life cycle brings added expenses and investments in baby clothing, equipment, and additional furnishings.
Infancy (1, EE)
birth-12 months; crisis of trust vs. mistrust; needs to be able to realize concept of trust and elements of certainty. ex: learn that parents aren't going to abandon forever if they leave. If unable to realize trust, child may become withdrawn and avoid interaction with rest of society.
cool colors
blue, green, violet -give a feeling of restfulness, -Aka the receding colors -Dark cool colors tend to make a figure look smaller
Non-installment credit
borrower does not have to apply for credit each time becuase credit is extended in advance. short-term It can be payed in a lump-sum by a specified date.
asymmetrical balance
both sides are not physically identical, but are similar enough that an individual believes that both sides seem to have the same "weight"
symmetrical balance
both sides of the garment must sit at same level, and the parts on one side of the centerline of the garment have to be an exact mirror of the other side
Type 2 and Gestational Diabetes
both treated through use of carefully monitored diet along with medication to help the body use insulin appropriately; difference between 2 and gestational is gestational occurs specifically due to hormones present during pregnancy
Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development
breaks process of human development into 8 stages necessary for healthy functioning; during each stage must overcome developmental obstacle, called a crisis, to be able to face crises in later stages. If not able to, will be more difficult for later crises and likely encounter again. 1.infancy 2.younger years 3.early childhood 4.middle childhood 5.adolescence 6.early adulthood 7.middle adulthood 8.later adulthood
Manufactured home
built entirely in a factory under the federal building code administered by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)
revolving credit
can be repeatedly given as long as payments are made. (My Credit Card Limit)
inactive decision making style
cannot or do not make choices; lack control, accountability, and the ensuing self-confidence and empowerment
elements of design
color, shape or form, texture, and line
table d'hote
complete meal of several courses offered in a hotel or restaurant at a fixed price
Debenture bond
corporate bond secured only by the assets and earnings of the corporation. -This is just one kind of bond sold by corporations to raise money. Consumers should be apprised of the various types of bonds offered so that they can make wise investment decisions. The general difference between bonds is the security offered; that is, the way in which the corporation guarantees repayment. A collateral trust bond uses the stocks and bonds of other companies as collateral. A mortgage bond is secured by a piece of mortgaged property, such as an office building or factory. A sinking-fund bond is a form of debenture bond in which the corporation additionally pledges to pay back the money slowly over a long time. A convertible bond can be traded in for common stock at any time.
Industry vs. Inferiority (SCHOOL AGED CHILDREN)
corresponding to the elementary school years, this stage is crucial in the development of competence or self-confidence. Success in meeting the demands of school and society lead to a sense of "productivity" or self-confidence. Repeated failures lead to feelings of inadequacy and an unwillingness to try new tasks.
Fixed expenses
costs are those that do not fluctuate with changes in production level or sales volume. They include such expenses as Rent, mortgage, credit cards, insurance and medical
Flexible expenses
costs that are easily changed, reduced or eliminated. Spending money on entertainment and clothing represent flexible expenses. Even expenses that must be incurred, such as a grocery bill, can be considered flexible because the amount spent can vary.
synthetic fibers
created in a laboratory or factory through the use of chemicals
B12
cyanocobalamin; necessary for production of blood cells and aids in maintaining health of nervous system; severe lack can lead to conditions like megaloblastic anemia; problems with nervous system, because causes disintegration and death of nerve cells; symptoms are numbness, tingling, and lack of muscle control; chicken, beef, pork, liver, fish, shellfish, cereal, milk, cheese, eggs, yogurt
Pareto Analysis (80/20 rule)
decision making model that assumes that approx 80% of the benefits that an organ receives from a particular task are result of 20% of the effort that the various individuals within organization put into the task. 80% of problems produced by 20% of factors. 1.list all problems 2.group so similar benefits and factors together 3.each group then given score based on how affects overall organ
Force Field Analysis
decision-making strategy that examines all of the factors that affect a particular situation and identifies those factors as either aiding the organ in achieving a goal or ultimately causing the organ to fall short of reaching its specified goal. -make a list of all factors involved with particular option and then identify as helping or hindering goal -each factor given rating on scale of 1-5 with 1 being weakest -if the forces that hinder the organ have higher numbers then probably not a realistic choice
Bowlby
defined a secure base as the parent or attachment figure, who provides a constant source of security, functioning as the child's "base" like a base camp or headquarters
Gesell
described 10 year old children as viewing their parents' word as law and wholeheartedly accepting their parents without reservations. described 8 year olds as demanding an understanding and close relationship with parents, especially their mothers. described 9 year olds as parental direction, withdrawing from their family circles as much as they can in favor of independence and self sufficiency
Parenting stage
describes a family with children between the ages of six and twenty years old. When children begin school, the family schedule becomes more hectic with school events and developing hobbies. The children have outgrown their beginning stage furnishings. This creates expenses for new furnishings, clothing, and recreational activities.
diabetes
disease that prevents the body from producing or using insulin, which body needs to process sugar and use as energy for the cells of the body; sugar builds up in body leading to hyperglycemia; can lead to failure of the heart, kidneys , nerves, eyes, high blood pressure, blindness, poor healing of wounds
cost/benefit analysis
dm strategy that examines the total estimated cost of each option that is available alongside the total estimated benefit of each option available and then compares the cost with the benefit to determine if the benefits of the option outweigh the cost; relies heavily on estimation which makes inaccurate
Grid Analysis
dm strategy that takes all of the factors involved with each option, rates each factor, and then gives each factor a weight based on its importance to the overall decision.
Preferred stock
does not allow voting rights. It also pays a set dividend that does not change. Furthermore, preferred stockholders will receive their set dividends before the company decides how much they will spend on dividends for common stock. If the company goes out of business or is restructured in a bankruptcy, the assets are distributed to bondholders first.
The greatest amount of variation between people of the same age is found during
early adolescence
anorexia
eating disorder in which an individ views his or her own body as being overweight, even though not, which causes to have extreme, unfounded fear of gaining additional weight
roux
equal parts fat and flour, nutty scented when heated, used to thicken sauces and soups
Black satin
fabric is best for blocking sunlight
Equal Credit Opportunity Act
federal act prohibiting any organization that issues credit to consumers from denying credit to a consumer on the basis of race, gender, age, marital status, religion, national origin, or skin color
silk
fibers that are extremely soft, strong and lustrous and absorb and retain water effectively. Resistant to mildew, molds, and moths. Used in chiffon, organza, and taffeta bc of soft feel and extremely lustrous appearance.
Murray Bowen's Family Systems Theory
four basic family relationship patterns within what he called the Nuclear Family Emotional System; patterns dictate where problems develop when the family system is under tension 1) Marital conflict 2) Spousal dysfunction 3) child impairment 4) emotional distance
Hardwoods
from a variety of nut and fruit trees, such as pecan and cherry. -comes from broad leafed deciduous trees which drop their leaves in the winter, such as oak, maple, and birch trees -harder and more attractively figured -finger graining and more costly
balance
garment balanced if both the left and right sides appear to be similar and correspond to each other, but does not necessarily mean both sides are actually the same. Balance important because a garment composed of unevenly positioned parts will not look appealing.
illth
goods and services that harm the consumer.
nealth
goods and services that have a neutral effect, neither helping nor harming the consumer
obesity
has increased their body weight significantly beyond what is normally considered healthy, usually by excessive eating; overeating, family history, genetic factors, stress and lack of sleep, various illnesses and conditions; high risk for problems with heart, stomach, muscles, lungs, skin, nervous system
HVAC
heating, ventilating, and air conditioning
Fiber
helps with bowel movements, digestion, and immune responses; lower blood cholesterol, help prevent obesity, lower risk of cancer, and risk of type 2 diabetes; lack can lead to constipation and slower digestion; cereal, oatmeal, whole wheat bread, apples, pears, bananas, potatoes, onions, green beans
psychosexual theory
how parents help their children manage and aggressive drives is very crucial in order to have a healthy personality development
bulimia
indiv. views their body as being unattractive or overweight but lacks ability to control their eating; main difference is bulimics have no sense of control over eating habits
Most arguments occur between spouses over
infidelity and money
One difficulty of enforcing laws designed to prevent deceptive advertising is that
intent to deceive is difficult to prove
type 1 diabetes
invdividual's own immune system mistakes the beta cells of the pancreas, which are responsible for producing insulin, as being harmful and therefore attacks and destroys them; prevents from actually producing insulin; treated with diet and insulin injections
Family life stage models
involves primary development tasks of maintaining relationships with parents, siblings, and peers: completing one's education; and establishing foundations for a model of family life, which children rely on as adults to form their own families.
Certificates of deposit.
is a savings certificate with a fixed maturity date, specified fixed interest rate and can be issued in any denomination aside from minimum investment requirements. A CD restricts access to the funds until the maturity date of the investment.
Closed Economy
is one that has no trade activity with outside economies. is self-sufficient, which means no imports come into the country and no exports leave the country. A closed economy's intent is to provide domestic consumers with everything they need from within the country's borders.
Aging stage
last stage of the life cycle which covers the time of retirement until the death of both spouses. Expenses may be restricted as people live on fixed incomes, making the expense and upkeep of large homes a burden. Few furnishings are purchased at this stage of the life cycle.
reactive decision-making style
let others make decisions for them, needing others to like them and being easily influenced by others also impede self-confidence and empowerment
"caveat emptor"
let the buyer beware
cholesterol
lipid, type of fat body uses to produce both new cells and bile, a substance secreted by the liver that helps body digest fat. Excessive amounts can lead to heart and circulatory problems, including atherosclerosis, a dangerous condition in which arteries are clogged by deposits of cholesterol. Stay away from foods with high concentration of saturated fats: beef, pork, eggs, milk, butter, cheese, and most snack foods
soluble fiber
lower cholesterol levels and help manage the level of blood sugar; pulp of fruits, veg., oats, beans, and barley; should increase intake gradually bc can result in bloating, cramps, and diarrhea
fabric
material constructed by weaving or knitting yarn together to form a type of cloth
socioeconomic status (SES)
measures the ability of the family to function in a healthy fashion, using the educational background of the members of the family, the family's total income, and the skill-both actual and perceived-required by the occupations of the individuals who act as the providers
scenario analysis
method whereby individuals or organizations use their experience, knowledge and intuition to predict what kidn of situations may arise from each option if that particular option were chosen. Anticipating every possible outcome that might occur and accurately predicting what events are most likely to occur in the future can be impossible.
Bandura
modeling - learning how to behave by observing significant others
real income
monetary intake determined by the amount of goods and services. ones income will buy.
self-actualization
morality, creativity, trust
Lev Vygotsky
most famous for social development theory (of child cognitive development) Expressed the importance of social context of development. Children's learning is often promoted through the assistance from adults who help then with the zone of proximal development.
trans fats
most harmful; formed when vegetable oil is processed to make table spreads and cooking fats; shown to create buildup in arteries, a process which can impair heart health
AAFCS (American Association of FCS)
national organization that influences the education of individuals in the methodology and knowledge associated with fcs. Influence public policy and gather support for programs that help educate and protect individuals and families from unsafe habits, business practices, products, and lifestyles
cotton
natural fibers that are relatively strong, soft, light sensitive, elastic, and breathable and can absorb and retain water effectively. Fabrics made completely out of cotton or a blend of cotton fibers with other fibers such as rayon and polyester. Usually soft, heat resistant, and more likely to shrink.
Ramie
natural fibers that are very strong, lustrous appearance similar to silk, and absorb and retain water effectively. Brittle, stiff, inelastic, and not very resilient. Very difficult to work with and usually used in blends with other fibers, such as wool to make a variety of fabrics.
wool
natural fibers that normally are coarse, relatively strong, resilient, and can retain water well. Used in flannel because wool fibers improve a fabric's ability to retain heat. Most are scratchy, but some like cashmere are soft.
protein
necessary for body to produce amino acids needs to function: 9 essential amino acids only produced when body digests protein; lack can lead to reduced brain function, intellectual disabilities, and an overall weakening of the immune system due to decrease in number of white blood cells; chicken, beef, wheat, rice, milk, cheese, peas, beans, peanuts, pb
esteem needs
need to respect oneself and be respected and accepted by others
love and belonging needs
needed to form social relationships such as those with friends, family, and intimate loved ones
Erikson's stages of initiative vs. guilt
occurs during the preschool years, when children begin exploring their environments, first develop awareness of the different social roles existing around them, and experience feelings of either purpose and accomplishment or guilt and inhibition.
Direct communication
occurs when a person who is attempting to convey a given piece of info simply states the info to the person he or she wants to receive the info
masked communication
occurs when an individual states the information he or she is trying to convey in a vague and somewhat confusing manner; ex: "I am upset."
secondary colors
orange, green, violet, they are made by mixing equal parts of any 2 primary colors
rhythm
overall design has a basic sense of flow, one part of the design seems to ease into the next; most common way to achieve rhythm is to repeat patterns or colors within a garment
Harmony
pleasing or congruent arrangement of parts resulting when variety and units are achieved. Unit + Variety = Harmony
change management
process by which an org attempts to modify a particular aspect of how it operates with as little harm to the org as possible. must use change management techniques that do not place too much unnecessary stress upon the members of the org.
warm colors
red, orange, yellow -They give a feeling of activity and movement. Aka advancing colors because they make objects appear closer or larger.
primary colors
red, yellow, blue, cant be made by mixing ither colors together
Free-Enterprised
refers to all voluntary business activities in a given economic area. Alternatively, free enterprise could refer to an ideological or legal system whereby commercial activities are primarily regulated through private measures rather than through political means.
iodine
relatively small amounts important because necessary for the production of thyroid hormones; lack can lead to depression, fatigue, mental slowness, or intellectual disability, excessive weight gain; uncommon because salt used in cooking is treated with iodine
Gross annual income
represents the amount of money a person earns in one year from all sources before taxes.
Textile Fiber Products Identification Act
requires brands to attach a label to covered textile products containing -the generic names and percentages by weight of each fiber in the product -the name under which the manufacturer or other responsible party does business or RN number, -the name of the country in which the product was processed or manufactured.
Guaranteed reservation
requires guest to pay room charges in full before arrival date
Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) of 1970
requires organizations to provide employees with nonhazardous working conditions; also requires to keep records of all employment-related accidents and to display posters listing legal rights of employees
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
requires public facilities be accessible fully to disabled persons
vitamin A
retinol; aids in bone growth, skin health, and ability to reproduce; eye health and aids in production of tears; deficiency causes eyes to deteriorate, night blindness; carrots, sweet potatoes, pumpkins, spinach, beef, pork, chicken, eggs, and broccoli
carbohydrates
saccharides; group of simple and complex sugars and starches that supply energy for the body; transported throughout the body via bloodstream and broken down into energy that keeps the body functioning
static menu
same menu items are offered every day; that is, a restaurant-type menu
consumer rights
series of protections, usually guaranteed by law, that seek to prevent individuals from being taken advantage of in the marketplace; consumer laws uphold the three basic rights of the consumer: right to safety, be informed, and be treated fairly
scarcity
shortage
water
should drink 7-10 average glasses daily; most important substance to consume; carries nutrients throughout the body; normal daily loss of water is 64-80 oz.
RDI (Recommended Dietary Intake)
similar but does not recommend different nutrient intakes based on gender and age; used to determine RDV, recommended daily value, which is printed on every food product to inform consumers of nutritional value based on a 2,000 calorie diet
flax fibers
similar to cotton, natural fibers that are soft, breathable, and strong, but lack the elasticity. High-quality flax fibers used primarily in the construction of linens. Soft, heat resistant, and likely to shrink fabrics.
Sugars
simple carbohydrates composed of monosaccharides, disaccharides, or both
10 month old and 12 month old will do what if placed in the same room?
solitary
insoluble fiber
speed digestion and can reduce the risk of colon cancer and heart disease; wheat, corn bran, leafy vegetables, fruit and veg skins
Fair Credit Reporting Act
states that consumer reporting agencies collecting and distributing information about consumers for credit related purposes are required to follow certain guidelines concerning how they maintain and distribute the information they collect.
empirical-rational strategy
strategy of managing change; assumes that people are ultimately interested in their own well-being and will more quickly accept changes if they believe that those changes offer them some sort of benefit. (Incentives); d- less effective if the org does not offer substantial enough incentives
power-coercive strategy
strategy of managing change; assumes that people will listen to authority figures and do as they are told. Works by preventing members from choosing any other option than the one manager wants them to follow. If refuses to accept, org may punish the individual.; d-can often promote unrest among members of the org
normative-reeducative strategy
strategy of managing change; revolves around idea that peer pressure can bring about the changes that an org needs. People will normally behave according to the expectations of society. ex: posters in breakroom that affirm the importance of customer service; d-less effective when relations between management and staff are strained or when employees feel rush or obligated to execute the changes
unsaturated fats
sunflower oil, corn oil, (olive oil, and canola oil: monounsaturated fats, lower cholesterol)
Nylon
synthetic fibers that are smooth, strong, lightweight, elastic, and lustrous. Primarily used as a cheaper alternative to silk. Inexpensive, strong, and extremely light, but will melt at high temperatures.
acrylic fibers
synthetic fibers that are soft, lightweight, resilient, and heat-sensitive. Often used as a replacement for wool because they have a very similar feel. Less expensive alternative to cashmere bc very similar appearance.
acetate fibers
synthetic fibers that are soft, smooth, dry, weak, lustrous, and heat-sensitive. used in the construction of a variety of fabrics including satins and taffetas primarily to give the fabric a shiny, lustrous look. More resistant to shrinking.
Polyester
synthetic fibers that are strong, lightweight, resilient, and resistant to many of the conditions that might normally harm a fabric, such as mildew, sunlight, harsh weather, and moths. Used in a wide range of fabrics and are often used in a cotton/ polyester blend
rayon
synthetic fibers that similar to cotton and are relatively soft, smooth strong, resistant to moths, and can retain water extremely well. Used in variety of fabrics, including most types of velvet bc it can imitate the feel of silk and other natural fibers
The third stage of family life stage model "premarriage stage"
tasks of choosing a life partner; developing the couple's relationship; and deciding to create a home with the partner.
second stage of family life stage model
tasks of differentiation of self from family; establishing adult-to-adult relationships with parents; forming intimate relationships with peers; starting to work, developing a work identity, and becoming financially independent.
Duvall's choice
tasks of her families with School-age children stage; as tasks of her Families with teenagers stage; and as tasks of her families with Infants stage.
The fourth stage of family life stage model "childless couple stage"
tasks of learning, emotionally and practically, to live with a partner; and adjusting family of origin relationships to include the partner.
Al dente
tender but slightly firm
foreclosure
the action of taking possession of a mortgaged property when the mortgagor fails to keep up their mortgage payments.
labor resources
the actual effort that various people involved in an organization put into a project, leading to the completion of that project
money inome
the amount of pay one receives.
R-value
the capacity of an insulating material to resist heat flow. The higher the R-value, the greater the insulating power.
universal design
the design of products and environments to be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for adaptation or specialized design; putting entrances at ground level, having all entrance doors be automatic opening, and wide, installing cabinets with shelves that pull out, and light switches with flat panels
Complete Proteins
the essential amino acids required for synthesizing tissues and hormones.
Fair Debt Collection Practices Act
the fair debt collection practices act requires third party debt collectors, businesses that collect debts due to other individuals or businesses, to refrain from using abusive or deceptive practices in collecting those debts. Prohibits from calling consumers at times other than between 8 am and 9 pm.
principle of probability
the law of large numbers states that as a sample size grows, its mean gets closer to the average of the whole population.
investment
the process of committing an individual's resources to a particular activity, organ, or fund, with the hope that such a commitment will provide additional resources for the individual in the future
consumer education
the process of teaching a person about the marketplace and its goods and services, the suppliers and the various considerations associated with searching for goods and services
psychic income
the satisfaction gained in consuming the goods and services purchased with ones income.
Ergonomics
the study of people's efficiency in their working environment.
environmental economics
the study of the effects that businesses and consumers have on the overall financial and natural environment when operating within set limits
res ipsa loquitur
the thing speaks for itself The use of circumstantial or indirect evidence of negligence to impose liability.
Robert Havinghurst's developmental tasks
theory of human development that there are certain tasks each individual needs to go through at points during his life to continue developing into a happy and successful adult 1.infancy and early childhood: 0-5; tasks like walking, talking and eating solid foods, as well as right from wrong 2.middle childhood: 6-12; get along with others, morals, skills for living 3.adolescence: 13-18; relate with opposite sex, social role of one's gender, prepping for life after childhood 4.early adulthood: 19-29; long term relationships, finding career, starting family required 5.middle adulthood: 30-60; adult recreational activities, achieving chosen career, helping one's teen children become happy and healthy adults 6.later maturity: 61-end; adjusting to death of spouse; effects of old age, finding people in one's peer group to interact with
It is Recommended the take up lever & needle on a sewing machine to be at its highest position, why?
to prevent snagging and bending the needle.
vitamin E
tocopherol; aids in maintaining proper brain function and eye health; reduce cancer, cataracts, heart disease; deficiency leads to weakness, blindness, and neurological problems; peanuts, hazelnuts, coconuts, corn, asparagus, carrots, tomatoes, fish, pb, veg oils
Induction
transfer of heat energy to a neighboring material without contact, electro magnetic field
Maslow's most basic level of needs is physiological
water, sleep, food, elimination, etc.
Mid years stage
when children are grown and living elsewhere and the family returns to one or two members. This stage lasts until the couple retires. Those living in relatively large homes may no longer want or need the extra space. Often retirement brings new interests in different styles of furnishings or in hobbies, such as collecting antiques
Launching stage
when children leave their parents home to work, study, or start families of their own. This stage covers the time when the oldest child leaves home until the last child leaves home. Parents may be looking to purchase new, better quality furniture.
Piaget's later Preoperational stage
when children's thinking becomes less egocentric but still retains animistic and magical characteristics, takes place during the preschool years.
Indirect communication
when the person communication the info states the info but not to anyone in particular
FCCLA (Family, Career, and Community Leaders of America)
youth organization for students; by focusing public attention to the problems young people face, the FCCLA gains support for programs and laws that help protect young people and their families.
