A&P 1 Chapter 1

Which of the following can be described as cuts made diagonally between the horizontal and the vertical planes? a. Cross sections b. Sagittal sections c. Transverse sections d. Oblique sections

Oblique sections

Which of these is not part of the dorsal cavity? a. vertebral cavity b. cranial cavity c. spinal cord d. thoracic cavity

thoracic cavity

The term pollex refers to the ________. a. thumb b. calf c. fingers d. great toe

thumb

Histology would be best defined as a study of ________. a. tissues b. the gross structures of the body c. cell chemistry d. cells

tissues

What is the main, general purpose of negative feedback? a. to maintain homeostasis b. to control body movement c. to regulate excretion via the kidneys d. to keep the body's blood sugar level high

to maintain homeostasis

Place the following in correct sequence from simplest to most complex: 1. molecules 2. atoms 3. tissues 4. cells 5. organ

2. atoms 1. molecules 4. cells 3. tissues 5. organ

Judy is 16 years old and collapses on the gym floor with severe pain in her chest wall. She is rushed by ambulance to the emergency room. Judy is diagnosed with pleurisy and is given an anti-inflammatory through the intravenous route. Why is an anti-inflammatory prescribed for someone with pleurisy and what caused the pain? a. Anti-inflammatories increase the friction in serous membranes. The pain is caused by the lungs not adhering to the cavity wall during breathing. b. Anti-inflammatories reduce the inflammation in the lungs. The pain is due to inflammation of the lungs. c. Anti-inflammatories reduce the inflammation in the pleural serous membranes. The pain is caused by friction between the pleural serous membranes. d. Anti-inflammatories reduce the inflammation in the pericardial serous membranes. The pain is caused by friction between the pericardial serous membranes. e. Anti-inflammatories cause more serous fluid to be produced in the pleural serous membranes. The pain is caused by inflammation of the lungs.

Anti-inflammatories reduce the inflammation in the pleural serous membranes. The pain is caused by friction between the pleural serous membranes.

Which of the following best demonstrates the principle of complementarity of structure and function? a. Atoms, the tiny building blocks of matter, combine to form molecules such as water and proteins. b. Bones can support and protect body organs because they contain hard mineral deposits. c. The liver, the brain, blood vessels, and stomach are each responsible for a necessary activity that no other organ can perform. d. The heart and blood vessels circulate blood continuously to carry oxygen and nutrients to all body cells.

Bones can support and protect body organs because they contain hard mineral deposits.

Which of the following is the simplest level of structural organization in the human body? a. Chemical b. Molecular c. Organismal d. Cellular

Chemical

A surgeon removed a section of tissue along a transverse plane for microscopic examination. What are two names that correctly identify this section? a. Median section or oblique section b. Transverse section or sagittal section c. Cross section or transverse section d. Oblique section or frontal section e. Cross section or coronal section

Cross section or transverse section

Choose the anatomical topic and definition that is not correctly matched. a. Microscopic anatomy: study of structures too small to be seen by the naked eye. b. Gross anatomy: study of structures visible to the eye. c. Cytology: study of the structures in a particular region. d. Embryology: study of the changes in an individual from conception to birth.

Cytology: study of the structures in a particular region.

TRUE or FALSE: Embryology concerns the structural changes that occur in an individual from conception through old age.

False

TRUE or FALSE: We often see anatomical variations that render anatomical positions and directional terms inaccurate.

False

TRUE or FALSE: The knee is proximal to the thigh.

False

What does the principle of complementarity of structure and function mean? a. All structures perform the same functions. b. Function reflects structure and structure determines function. c. The age of the structure determines the function it performs. d. Functions are determined by environmental conditions, not by structure.

Function reflects structure and structure determines function.

What is a dynamic equilibrium of your internal environment termed?

Homeostasis

Which of the following statements is the most correct regarding homeostatic imbalance? a. Positive feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed. b. The internal environment is becoming more stable. c. Negative feedback mechanisms are functioning normally. d. It is considered the cause of most diseases.

It is considered the cause of most diseases.

Which of the following imaging devices would best localize a tumor in a person's brain? a. DSA b. X ray c. PET d. MRI

MRI

Which feedback mechanism causes the variable to deviate further and further from its original value or range?

Positive feedback

Which of the following is not one of the subdivisions of anatomy? a. Renal anatomy b. Developmental anatomy c. Gross anatomy d. Systemic anatomy

Renal Anatomy

________ cavities are spaces within joints. a. Oral b. Synovial c. Orbital d. Nasal

Synovial

A small family was traveling in its van and had a minor accident. The children in the back seats were wearing lap belts, but still sustained numerous bruises about the abdomen, and had some internal organ injuries. Why is this area more vulnerable to damage than others? a. The abdominal cavity is the largest, and is thus most likely to receive damage. b. There are more organs present in the abdominal area, increasing the chance of damage. c. The abdominal organs have a thinner layer of fat to cushion them. d. The abdominal organs are not protected by a bony covering. e. The organs in the abdominal area not protected by serous membranes.

The abdominal organs are not protected by a bony covering.

Which of the following statements is correct? a. The heart is dorsal to the breastbone. b. The heart is posterior to the spine. c. The breastbone is posterior to the spine. d. The breastbone is dorsal to the spine.

The heart is dorsal to the breastbone.

Which of the following is true of negative feedback mechanisms? a. The results proceed in the same direction as the initial change. b. The variable deviates further and further from its original value or range. c. The result or response enhances the original stimulus so that the response is accelerated. d. The output shuts off the original stimulus or reduces its intensity.

The output shuts off the original stimulus or reduces its intensity.

Which of the following best defines anatomy? a. The study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another. b. The study of how the body parts work and carry out their life-sustaining activities. c. The study of tissues. d. The study of all chemical reactions that occur within body cells.

The study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another.

Similar cells that have a common function would define a ________.

Tissue

TRUE or FALSE: Positive feedback mechanisms tend to increase the original stimulus.

True

TRUE or FALSE: Responsiveness or irritability is the ability to sense changes in the environment and then respond to them.

True

TRUE or FALSE: The anatomical position means the body is standing at attention with the palms facing forward and the thumbs pointing away from the body.

True

TRUE or FALSE: The sagittal plane is a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts.

True

TRUE or FALSE: Regardless of the variable being regulated, all homeostatic control mechanisms have at least three interdependent components.

True

TRUE or FALSE: Without some sort of negative feedback mechanism, it would be impossible to keep our body chemistry in balance.

True

Choose the following statement that is not completely correct regarding serous membranes. a. Serous membranes secrete a watery lubricating fluid. b. Serous membranes are divided into parietal and visceral membranes with a virtual space between the two. c. Serosa are very thin, double-layered structures. d. Visceral pericardium covers the outer surface of the heart, and parietal pericardium lines the internal walls of the heart.

Visceral pericardium covers the outer surface of the heart, and parietal pericardium lines the internal walls of the heart.

Which of the following is not an example of maintaining boundaries? a. The human body as a whole is enclosed and protected by the integumentary system. b. Single-celled organisms possess a limiting membrane that encloses its contents and lets in needed substances while restricting entry of potentially damaging or unnecessary substances. c. Each cell in our body is surrounded by a selectively permeable membrane. d. When your hand is exposed to extreme heat, you involuntarily pull your hand away from the painful stimulus.

When your hand is exposed to extreme heat, you involuntarily pull your hand away from the painful stimulus.

Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains ________. a. a relatively stable internal environment, within limits b. a dynamic state within an unlimited range c. the lowest possible energy usage d. a static state with no deviation from preset points

a relatively stable internal environment, within limits

Which of the following describes a parasagittal plane? a. two cuts dividing the body into left and right halves b. any cut dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions c. any sagittal plane except in the midline d. a transverse cut just above the knees

any sagittal plane except in the midline

Which of the following describes a parasagittal plane? a. any cut dividing the body into anterior and posterior b. two cuts dividing the body into left and right halves c. a transverse cut just above the knees d. any sagittal plane except the median

any sagittal plane except the median

The term that describes the heel region is ________.

calcaneal

If you consider your home air conditioner in terms of homeostasis, then the wall thermostat would be the ________. a. effector b. variable c. receptor d. control center

control center

What is the specific name for the hip region? a. coxal b. pedal c. inguinal d. manus

coxal

Which term means toward or at the back of the body, behind? a. dorsal b. anterior c. distal d. lateral

dorsal

A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be ________. a. blood calcium level regulation b. regulating glucose levels in the blood c. enhancement of labor contractions d. body temperature regulation

enhancement of labor contractions

The regional term used to identify the thigh is __________. a. popliteal b. crural c. femoral d. coxal

femoral

The study of the heart may incorporate many aspects of anatomy but as a whole you would say it is __________ anatomy. a. microscopic b. systemic c. gross d. developmental

gross

Subdivisions of anatomy include which of the following? a. gross, regional, systemic, and surface b. gross, macroscopic, visual, and microscopic c. regional, surface, visual, and microscopic d. gross, regional, dissection, and surface

gross, regional, systemic, and surface

The parietal pleural would represent a serous membrane ________. a. lining the thoracic cavity b. covering the heart c. covering individual lungs d. lining the abdominal cavity

lining the thoracic cavity

Which one of the following systems responds to environmental stimuli? a. muscular b. nervous c. lymphatic d. immune

nervous

Which of the following are survival needs of the body? a. nutrients, water, growth, and reproduction b. nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure, and oxygen c. water, atmospheric pressure, growth, and movement d. nutrients, water, movement, and reproduction

nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure, and oxygen

The term that describes the back of the elbow is ________.

olecranal

The cavities housing the eyes are called __________ cavities. a. nasal b. cranial c. orbital d. frontal

orbital

The anatomical position is characterized by all of the following except ________. a. body erect b. arms at sides c. thumbs pointed laterally d. palms turned posteriorly

palms turned posteriorly

The heart lies in the ________ cavity. a. superior mediastinal b. dorsal c. pleural d. pericardial

pericardial

In which cavities are the lungs located? a. mediastinum, thoracic, and ventral b. pericardial, ventral, and thoracic c. pleural, dorsal, and abdominal d. pleural, ventral, and thoracic

pleural, ventral, and thoracic

What is the posterior side of the patella called? a. crural b. popliteal c. sural d. antecubital

popliteal

The elbow is ________ to the wrist.

proximal

Which of the following are subdivisions of anatomy? a. gross, regional, dissection, and surface b. gross, macroscopic, visual, and microscopic c. regional, surface, visual, and microscopic d. regional, systemic, and surface

regional, systemic, and surface

________ physiology concerns urine production and kidney function.

renal