A&P 1 Chapter 7

Classify each of the following bones based on their shape. 1. Scapula 2. Vertebra 3. Patella 4. Humerus 5. Carpal

1. Flat bone 2. Irregular bone 3. Sesamoid bone 4. Long bone 5. Short bone

Which of the following describes a female's pelvis compared to a male's pelvis? A cavity that is narrower in all dimensions, with heavier bones. B. A cavity that is narrower in all dimensions, with lighter bones. C. A cavity that is wider in all dimensions, with heavier bones. D. A cavity that is narrower in all dimensions, with heavier bones.

A cavity that is narrower in all dimensions, with heavier bones.

What bones are found in the axial skeleton?Check all that apply A. Frontal bone B. Cervical vertebrae C. Sternum D. Ilium E. Clavicle

A. Frontal bone B. Cervical vertebrae C. Sternum D. Ilium

What cell found in bone functions to deposit bony matrix, resulting in the growth of bone tissue? A. Osteoblast B. Osteoclast C. Osteocyte D. Progenitor cell

A. Osteoblast

What are the functions of the skeletal system?Check all that apply A. Protect soft tissue B. Provide attachment for muscles C. Store inorganic salts D. Exchange gases for the body

A. Protect soft tissue B. Provide attachment for muscles C. Store inorganic salts

Which of the following bones are part of the appendicular skeleton? A. Scapula B. Hyoid bone C. Sacrum D. Mandible

A. Scapula

Which of the following bones belong to the axial skeleton? Check all that apply. A. Skull B. Ulna C. Lumbar vertebrae D. Sacrum E. Clavicle F. Ribs

A. Skull B. Ulna C. Lumbar vertebrae E. Clavicle

Which is true of sex hormones? A. They stimulate ossification of the epiphyseal plates. B. They have no effect on bone. C. Their action on bone growth is stronger in males than in females. D. They inhibit osteoblast activity.

A. They stimulate ossification of the epiphyseal plates.

A cleft palate results from incomplete development of the A. maxillae. B. vomer bone. C. ethmoid bone D. mandible.

A. maxillae.

Bacteria infecting the mucous membranes in the air cells of the mastoid process most likely spread from the A. middle ear. B. frontal sinus. C. meninges. D. maxillary sinus.

A. middle ear.

If the atlas and axis were replaced with typical cervical vertebrae, __________ would be affected. A. the ability to pivot the head from side to side B. protection of the spinal cord C. the ability to move the arms D. stability of the cervical intervertebral disks

A. the ability to pivot the head from side to side

In which decade of life does the removal of the bone matrix first exceed production of new bone? A. Second decade B. Fourth decade C. Fifth decade D. Sixth decade

B. Fourth decade

What happens when the epiphyseal plate is ossified? A. The epiphyses start to move farther apart. B. Lengthening of the bone is no longer possible. C. The bone enlarges in diameter.

B. Lengthening of the bone is no longer possible.

What cell found in bone functions to deposit bony matrix, resulting in the growth of bone tissue? A. Osteocyte B. Osteoblast C. Osteoclast D. Progenitor cell

B. Osteoblast

What are vertebrae? A. The bones that form the thoracic cage B. The bones that form the backbone C. The small bones in your middle ear D. The bones in your hands

B. The bones that form the backbone

What vitamin is necessary for proper absorption of calcium in the small intestines? A. Vitamin E B. Vitamin D C. Vitamin K D. Vitamin C

B. Vitamin D

What is the role or function of yellow marrow in the bone tissue? A. Yellow bone marrow is the site for blood cell formation. B. Yellow bone marrow is a site for storage of fat. C. Yellow bone marrow provides a rigid tissue for support. D. Yellow bone marrow assists with the movement of the bone.

B. Yellow bone marrow is a site for storage of fat.

A bone thickens A. due to increased production of bone matrix by osteoclasts. B. as compact bone is deposited beneath the periosteum of the diaphysis. C. as a result of increased activity within the epiphyseal plate. D. as a result of cell division in the medullary cavity.

B. as compact bone is deposited beneath the periosteum of the diaphysis.

The secondary curves of the vertebral column are the A. lumbar and sacral curvatures. B. cervical and lumbar curvatures. C. cervical and thoracic curvatures. D. thoracic and sacral curvatures.

B. cervical and lumbar curvatures.

Calcitonin is released when blood calcium levels are __________. This hormone stimulates __________ to build bone, storing excess calcium. A. high; osteoclasts B. high; osteoblasts C. low; osteoclasts D. low; osteoblasts

B. high; osteoblasts

The three borders of the scapula are called A. the supraspinous, infraspinous, and subscapular borders. B. the superior, lateral, and medial borders. C. the acromion process, coracoid process, and glenoid cavity. D. the frontal, pivotal, and dorsal borders.

B. the superior, lateral, and medial borders.

Which bones are not visible in the lateral view of the skull? A. Maxillary bones B. Temporal bones C. Palatine bones D. Zygomatic bones

C. Palatine bones

Which of the following bones is not part of the orbit of the skull? A. Ethmoid B. Frontal C. Vomer D. Sphenoid

C. Vomer

Phalanges are A. forearm bones. B. skull bones. C. finger and toe bones. D. wrist and ankle bones.

C. finger and toe bones.

If the atlas and axis were replaced with typical cervical vertebrae, __________ would be affected. A. protection of the spinal cord B. stability of the cervical intervertebral disks C. the ability to pivot the head from side to side D. the ability to move the arms

C. the ability to pivot the head from side to side

The axial skeleton includes A. the upper and lower limbs and pelvic and pectoral girdles. B. the radius, ulna, carpals, and phalanges. C. the skull, hyoid bone, thoracic cage, and vertebral column. D. the femur, tibia, and fibula.

C. the skull, hyoid bone, thoracic cage, and vertebral column.

One of your friend's femurs is abnormally short and curved. When asked about it, they tell you that when they were very young, they fell from a tree and fractured the femur at the distal end. Their pediatrician urged the parents to allow your friend to receive surgery for the fracture, but they refused. What most likely happened to result in the abnormal femur? A. Lack of physical therapy caused the muscles of the leg to not heal correctly, inhibiting bone growth. B. The hematoma stage of the fracture never filled in with fibrocartilage, which caused the bone to never heal properly. C. Because he was young, the femur healed so rapidly that it grew incorrectly and no medical intervention prevented this from occurring. D. Because the epiphyseal plate was not repaired, any subsequent growth in the bone was stunted and abnormal.

D. Because the epiphyseal plate was not repaired, any subsequent growth in the bone was stunted and abnormal.

Bone tissue is largely composed of what two items? A. Collagen and elastic fibers B. Elastic fibers and calcium phosphate C. Calcium phosphate and chondrocytes D. Collagen and inorganic salts

D. Collagen and inorganic salts

What bones are found in the axial skeleton?Check all that apply A. Frontal bone B. Cervical vertebrae C. Sternum D. Ilium E. Clavicle

D. Ilium E. Clavicle

Throughout life, bone tissue continues to change. __________ are responsible for resorbing bone matrix and __________ are responsible for replacing it. A. Osteocytes; osteoblasts B. Osteoclasts; osteocytes C. Osteoblasts; osteoclasts D. Osteoclasts; osteoblasts

D. Osteoclasts; osteoblasts

Which of the following is not associated with spongy bone? A. Canaliculi B. Osteocytes C. Trabeculae D. Osteons

D. Osteons

Which of the following describes the female pelvis compared to that of the male? A. The angle of the female pubic arch is smaller. B. The obturator foramen is more oval in a female. C. The female iliac bones are less flared. D. The distance between the female ischial spines is greater.

D. The distance between the female ischial spines is greater.

The capitulum and trochlea are located A. in the hand. B. at the distal end of the ulna. C. at the proximal end of the humerus. D. at the distal end of the humerus.

D. at the distal end of the humerus.

The atlas is one of the A. sacral vertebrae. B. lumbar vertebrae. C. thoracic vertebrae. D. cervical vertebrae.

D. cervical vertebrae.

A compound fracture A. completely breaks the bone in more than one place. B. is a longitudinal break in the bone, C. incompletely breaks the bone in more than one place. D. exposes the broken bone to the outside.

D. exposes the broken bone to the outside.

The femur A. possesses a medial malleolus. B. is part of the pelvic girdle. C. directly articulates with the fibula. D. is the longest bone in the body.

D. is the longest bone in the body.

Articular cartilage of a long bone is found A. inside the medullary cavity. B. on the outer surface of the diaphysis. C. in the spaces of the spongy bone. D. on the outer surface of the epiphyses.

D. on the outer surface of the epiphyses.

Cells that remove excess bone tissue after fracture repair are A. fibroblasts and osteoblasts. B. chondrocytes and osteocytes. C. osteoblasts and osteoclasts. D. osteoclasts and phagocytes.

D. osteoclasts and phagocytes.

A martial artist receives a punch that causes the xiphoid process to break. This suggests that the punch hit the pectoral girdle. True or False

False

A parathyroid gland that is overresponsive to blood calcium levels will produce abnormally high amounts of calcitonin and cause bones to rapidly gain calcium. True or False

False

A patient has to have surgery as a result of a sports accident. Several of their carpal bones must be removed after being smashed. The surgery is occurring in the foot True or False

False

Blood cell formation is called osteogenesis. True or False

False

Bone remodeling occurs as osteoblasts resorb bone tissue and osteoclasts replace the bone. True or False

False

Intervertebral discs are composed of skeletal muscle. True or False

False

Testosterone has a stronger effect on epiphyseal plates than estrogens. True or False

False

The sternum develops in three parts: the lower manubrium, middle body, and upper xiphoid. True or False

False

A female develops an abnormally narrow pelvic brim. This will most likely be a problem during childbirth. True or False

True

Bones contain living tissues. True or False

True

Men and women begin to lose bone at the same rate by about age 70. True or False

True

Exercise ______ and _______ bones. A. thins; atrophies B. elongates; weakens C. thickens; elongates D. thickens; strengthens

D. thickens; strengthens

Ribs that join the sternum directly by costal cartilages are called A. vertebrochondral ribs. B. false ribs. C. floating ribs. D. true ribs.

D. true ribs.