A&P 1 - Labs 1

Difference between a control group and experimental group?

Control - Independent variable is constant and will not change Experimental - independent variable will change

As you try to solve a problem or answer a question, you should apply logical reasoning involving either ____ or ______ reasoning.

Deductive Inductive

Example of deductive reasoning... Premise 1 - All Cuts to the skin bleed Premise 2 - All cuts to the skin are painful Premise 3 - Susie has a cut in her skin Conclusion - Susie is bleeding and she is in pain ------------------------ Example of Inductive Reasoning... Premise 1 - My Cats all have short hair Conclusion - All cats have short hair

Hi :)

_______________ involves making an observation about something specific and applying it to the larger population. Although the premise may be correct, the conclusion may be wrong.

Inductive reasoning

The ____________ and the _____________ are compared against each other in an experiment. For example, when testing a new drug, the ____________ will be given the actual drug and the ___________ may be given a _______. A _______ is a substitute used to determine if the effects one may show are due to the belief that they are being tested.

control group experimental group experimental group control group placebo placebo

The question you are trying to answer or the problem you are trying to solve is the _____ step in the scientific method

first step (Identify the question/problem)

A ________ is an educated guess about the answer to your question or problem. It is an idea that may be formed from patterns seen in your observations, and your idea may or may not be correct.

hypothesis

In the experimental group the _______________ will change In the _____________ the independent variable is constant and will not change The _______________ is the effect of manipulating the independent variable. It is what you measure in the experiment and may or may not change in response to the independent variable.

independent variable control group dependent variable

Deductive reasoning involves two or more verified _______ followed by a ________.

premises conclusion

In modern science and medicine, a standardized process called the ___________ is used to organize and evaluate information during scientific investigation in order to reach a logical conclusion.

scientific method

The data that is collected must be analyzed to determine if the intervention is ___________. _____________ indicates whether the results of a study happened by chance or by some other factor. If you have _________ then you can be confident that the results were less likely to be caused by random chance.

statistically significant. Statistically significant statistical significance

List the steps of the scientific method

1) Identify the question/problem 2) Form Hypothesis 3) Develop the experiment 4) Collect Data 5) Analyze data 6) Draw Conclusions 7) If all criteria are met, the hypothesis can be accepted as a theory

A hypothesis must have what three characteristics

1) Testable (studied through experimentation) 2) Repeatable (anyone who tests the hypothesis must obtain the same results. If the results vary, doubt the hypothesis) 3) Unbiased (Factors such as lifestyle, occupation, healthcare, etc may lead to bias)

Observation: My gray cat has diabetes. My gray cat is male and overweight Hypothesis: All male gray cats have diabetes 1) Is the hypothesis testable? Why or Why not? 2) Do you expect that the results of an experiment would be repeatable? Why or Why Not? 3) is the hypothesis biased? Explain

1) it is testable since it can be studied through experimentation and data collection 2) Yes I expect it to be repeatable. You will see that each test will show that not all gray cats have diabetes. 3) yes. just because your gray cat has diabetes and is overweight does not mean all gray cats are the same

If all criteria are met, the hypothesis can be accepted as a _____

Theory

What is the difference between theory and hypothesis?

Theory is tested and proven Hypothesis is an educated guess

In clinical research, studies often involve a _______ group and an _______ group. The two groups are identical in composition with the exception of the aspect called the ______________.

control experimental independent variable