A&P 12

Which vitamins are made by the bacteria in the large intestine? B complex and D vitamins vitamins A and E vitamins C and D B complex and K vitamins

B complex and K vitamins

Choose the incorrect statement regarding bile. Bile is both an excretory product and a digestive secretion. Bile functions to emulsify fats. Bile functions to carry bilirubin formed from breakdown of worn-out RBCs. Bile contains enzymes for digestion.

Bile contains enzymes for digestion.

The ingestion of a meal high in fat content would cause which of the following to occur? Severe indigestion would occur, caused by the lack of sufficient digestive enzymes. This type of food would cause secretion of gastrin to cease, causing digestive upset. Bile would be released from the gallbladder to emulsify the fat in the duodenum. The acid secretions from the stomach would be sufficient to digest this food.

Bile would be released from the gallbladder to emulsify the fat in the duodenum.

__________ is NOT found in pancreatic secretions. Cholecystokinin (CCK) Bicarbonate Procarboxypeptidase Chymotrypsinogen

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Bile enzymatically digests fats and related lipids. True False

False

Cellulose is readily digestible by humans. True False

False

Digested fats are absorbed into intestinal capillaries. True False

False

Most dietary fats come in the form of phospholipids True False

False

Saliva contains enzymes that break down proteins. True False

False

Diarrhea results when food passes too quickly through the large intestine. True False

True

Most digestion occurs in the small intestine. True False

True

Stomach acid denatures salivary amylase. True False

True

The primary goal of digestive tract regulatory mechanisms is to optimize nutrient breakdown and absorption. True False

True

How are most nutrients absorbed through the mucosa of the intestinal villa? simple diffusion facilitated diffusion active transport bulk flow

active transport

A baby is admitted to the hospital with a history of projectile vomiting after each feeding. On examination, it is found that the sphincter controlling food passage from the stomach to the duodenum is thickened and does not open readily. Because of the baby's loss of gastric juice, his blood probably indicates ________. acidosis ketosis alkalosis dysphagia

alkalosis

A fluid secreted into the small intestine during digestion that contains cholesterol, emulsification agents, and phospholipids is ________. bile pancreatic juice intestinal juice gastric juice

bile

Which enzymes are responsible for the final chemical breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids? brush border enzymes amylases pancreatic enzymes proteases

brush border enzymes

Chemical digestion reduces large complex molecules to simpler compounds by the process of ________. mastication catabolism anabolism fermentation

catabolism

Which of the following cells produce pepsinogen? enteroendocrine cells mucous cells parietal cells G cells chief cells

chief cells

Pepsinogen, a digestive enzyme, is secreted by the ________. chief cells of the stomach parietal cells of the duodenum Brunner's glands goblet cells of the small intestine

chief cells of the stomach

Chemical digestion in the small intestine involves ________. a significant amount of enzyme secretion by the intestinal mucosa cholecystokinin (CCK), an intestinal hormone responsible for gallbladder contraction secretions from the spleen that contain all enzymes necessary for complete digestion bile salts that help emulsify carbohydrates so that they can be easily digested by enzymatic action

cholecystokinin (CCK), an intestinal hormone responsible for gallbladder contraction

The chemical and mechanical processes of food breakdown are called ________. digestion absorption ingestion secretion

digestion

In order to prevent self-digestion of the pancreas, activation of pancreatic proteases occurs in the __________. stomach liver pancreas gallbladder duodenum

duodenum

Bile is stored and concentrated in the __________. stomach gallbladder pancreas liver

gallbladder

The enzymatic breakdown of any type of food molecule is called ________. diffusion active transport hydrolysis denatured

hydrolysis

How are fats absorbed into the blood? in the form of micelles in the form of glycerol in the form of fatty acids and glycerol in the form of chylomicrons

in the form of chylomicrons

In addition to storage and mechanical breakdown of food, the stomach ________. initiates protein digestion and denatures proteins is the first site where absorption takes place is the only place where fats are completely digested is the first site where chemical digestion of starch takes place

initiates protein digestion and denatures proteins

Short-chain triglycerides found in foods such as butterfat molecules in milk are split by a specific enzyme in preparation for absorption. Which of the following enzymes is responsible? rennin pepsin lipase cholecystokinin

lipase

`Digestion of which of the following would be affected the most if the liver were severely damaged? lipids carbohydrates proteins starches

lipids

Digestion of carbohydrates and proteins by brush border enzymes occurs within the ________ of the small intestine. goblet cells microvilli villi circular folds

microvilli

The final product of carbohydrate digestion is __________. glycogen disaccharides monosaccharides polysaccharides

monosaccharides

Lipase is produced by the _____. pancreas gastric mucosa duodenum liver

pancreas

Hydrochloric acid is secreted by which of the secretory cells of the stomach? chief cells parietal cells serous cells mucous neck cells

parietal cells

Which of the following cells produce HCl? parietal cells G cells chief cells enteroendocrine cells mucous cells

parietal cells

Hepatocytes do not ________. produce digestive enzymes process nutrients store fat-soluble vitamins detoxify toxic chemicals

produce digestive enzymes

The function of goblet cells is to ________. absorb nutrients from digested food and store them for future use produce mucus that protects parts of the digestive organs from the effects of powerful enzymes needed for food digestion secrete buffers in order to keep the pH of the digestive tract close to neutral provide protection against invading bacteria and other disease-causing organisms that enter the digestive tract in food

produce mucus that protects parts of the digestive organs from the effects of powerful enzymes needed for food digestion

Chief cells ________. produce gastrin produce HCl produce pepsinogen produce mucin

produce pepsinogen

What is the major digestive function of the pancreas? production of insulin production of bicarbonate ions production of digestive enzymes production of glucagon

production of digestive enzymes

Pepsin enzymatically digests __________. nucleic acids fat protein carbohydrate

protein

Gastrin is a digestive hormone that is responsible for the stimulation of acid secretions in the stomach. These secretions are stimulated by the presence of ________. starches and complex carbohydrates protein and peptide fragments simple carbohydrates and alcohols fatty acids

protein and peptide fragments

What is the main organic molecule digested in the stomach? proteins carbohydrates lipids nucleic acids sugars

proteins

Most water is absorbed in the __________. stomach small intestine large intestine liver

small intestine

The major site for nutrient absorption is the __________. mouth small intestine stomach large intestine

small intestine

Which part of the digestive system is the major location for absorption of the end products of digestion? large intestine stomach liver small intestine

small intestine

Chyme is created in the ________. mouth stomach esophagus small intestine

stomach

Nervous control of gastric secretion is provided by ________. somatic neurons in the spinal cord the vagus nerve and enteric plexus the rubrospinal tracts the reticulospinal and vestibulospinal tracts

the vagus nerve and enteric plexus