A&P 12
Which vitamins are made by the bacteria in the large intestine? B complex and D vitamins vitamins A and E vitamins C and D B complex and K vitamins
B complex and K vitamins
Choose the incorrect statement regarding bile. Bile is both an excretory product and a digestive secretion. Bile functions to emulsify fats. Bile functions to carry bilirubin formed from breakdown of worn-out RBCs. Bile contains enzymes for digestion.
Bile contains enzymes for digestion.
The ingestion of a meal high in fat content would cause which of the following to occur? Severe indigestion would occur, caused by the lack of sufficient digestive enzymes. This type of food would cause secretion of gastrin to cease, causing digestive upset. Bile would be released from the gallbladder to emulsify the fat in the duodenum. The acid secretions from the stomach would be sufficient to digest this food.
Bile would be released from the gallbladder to emulsify the fat in the duodenum.
__________ is NOT found in pancreatic secretions. Cholecystokinin (CCK) Bicarbonate Procarboxypeptidase Chymotrypsinogen
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Bile enzymatically digests fats and related lipids. True False
False
Cellulose is readily digestible by humans. True False
False
Digested fats are absorbed into intestinal capillaries. True False
False
Most dietary fats come in the form of phospholipids True False
False
Saliva contains enzymes that break down proteins. True False
False
Diarrhea results when food passes too quickly through the large intestine. True False
True
Most digestion occurs in the small intestine. True False
True
Stomach acid denatures salivary amylase. True False
True
The primary goal of digestive tract regulatory mechanisms is to optimize nutrient breakdown and absorption. True False
True
How are most nutrients absorbed through the mucosa of the intestinal villa? simple diffusion facilitated diffusion active transport bulk flow
active transport
A baby is admitted to the hospital with a history of projectile vomiting after each feeding. On examination, it is found that the sphincter controlling food passage from the stomach to the duodenum is thickened and does not open readily. Because of the baby's loss of gastric juice, his blood probably indicates ________. acidosis ketosis alkalosis dysphagia
alkalosis
A fluid secreted into the small intestine during digestion that contains cholesterol, emulsification agents, and phospholipids is ________. bile pancreatic juice intestinal juice gastric juice
bile
Which enzymes are responsible for the final chemical breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids? brush border enzymes amylases pancreatic enzymes proteases
brush border enzymes
Chemical digestion reduces large complex molecules to simpler compounds by the process of ________. mastication catabolism anabolism fermentation
catabolism
Which of the following cells produce pepsinogen? enteroendocrine cells mucous cells parietal cells G cells chief cells
chief cells
Pepsinogen, a digestive enzyme, is secreted by the ________. chief cells of the stomach parietal cells of the duodenum Brunner's glands goblet cells of the small intestine
chief cells of the stomach
Chemical digestion in the small intestine involves ________. a significant amount of enzyme secretion by the intestinal mucosa cholecystokinin (CCK), an intestinal hormone responsible for gallbladder contraction secretions from the spleen that contain all enzymes necessary for complete digestion bile salts that help emulsify carbohydrates so that they can be easily digested by enzymatic action
cholecystokinin (CCK), an intestinal hormone responsible for gallbladder contraction
The chemical and mechanical processes of food breakdown are called ________. digestion absorption ingestion secretion
digestion
In order to prevent self-digestion of the pancreas, activation of pancreatic proteases occurs in the __________. stomach liver pancreas gallbladder duodenum
duodenum
Bile is stored and concentrated in the __________. stomach gallbladder pancreas liver
gallbladder
The enzymatic breakdown of any type of food molecule is called ________. diffusion active transport hydrolysis denatured
hydrolysis
How are fats absorbed into the blood? in the form of micelles in the form of glycerol in the form of fatty acids and glycerol in the form of chylomicrons
in the form of chylomicrons
In addition to storage and mechanical breakdown of food, the stomach ________. initiates protein digestion and denatures proteins is the first site where absorption takes place is the only place where fats are completely digested is the first site where chemical digestion of starch takes place
initiates protein digestion and denatures proteins
Short-chain triglycerides found in foods such as butterfat molecules in milk are split by a specific enzyme in preparation for absorption. Which of the following enzymes is responsible? rennin pepsin lipase cholecystokinin
lipase
`Digestion of which of the following would be affected the most if the liver were severely damaged? lipids carbohydrates proteins starches
lipids
Digestion of carbohydrates and proteins by brush border enzymes occurs within the ________ of the small intestine. goblet cells microvilli villi circular folds
microvilli
The final product of carbohydrate digestion is __________. glycogen disaccharides monosaccharides polysaccharides
monosaccharides
Lipase is produced by the _____. pancreas gastric mucosa duodenum liver
pancreas
Hydrochloric acid is secreted by which of the secretory cells of the stomach? chief cells parietal cells serous cells mucous neck cells
parietal cells
Which of the following cells produce HCl? parietal cells G cells chief cells enteroendocrine cells mucous cells
parietal cells
Hepatocytes do not ________. produce digestive enzymes process nutrients store fat-soluble vitamins detoxify toxic chemicals
produce digestive enzymes
The function of goblet cells is to ________. absorb nutrients from digested food and store them for future use produce mucus that protects parts of the digestive organs from the effects of powerful enzymes needed for food digestion secrete buffers in order to keep the pH of the digestive tract close to neutral provide protection against invading bacteria and other disease-causing organisms that enter the digestive tract in food
produce mucus that protects parts of the digestive organs from the effects of powerful enzymes needed for food digestion
Chief cells ________. produce gastrin produce HCl produce pepsinogen produce mucin
produce pepsinogen
What is the major digestive function of the pancreas? production of insulin production of bicarbonate ions production of digestive enzymes production of glucagon
production of digestive enzymes
Pepsin enzymatically digests __________. nucleic acids fat protein carbohydrate
protein
Gastrin is a digestive hormone that is responsible for the stimulation of acid secretions in the stomach. These secretions are stimulated by the presence of ________. starches and complex carbohydrates protein and peptide fragments simple carbohydrates and alcohols fatty acids
protein and peptide fragments
What is the main organic molecule digested in the stomach? proteins carbohydrates lipids nucleic acids sugars
proteins
Most water is absorbed in the __________. stomach small intestine large intestine liver
small intestine
The major site for nutrient absorption is the __________. mouth small intestine stomach large intestine
small intestine
Which part of the digestive system is the major location for absorption of the end products of digestion? large intestine stomach liver small intestine
small intestine
Chyme is created in the ________. mouth stomach esophagus small intestine
stomach
Nervous control of gastric secretion is provided by ________. somatic neurons in the spinal cord the vagus nerve and enteric plexus the rubrospinal tracts the reticulospinal and vestibulospinal tracts
the vagus nerve and enteric plexus