A&P 2 28.1-28.6
Flagellar movements Smooth muscle contractions
What forces assist the sperm cells through the female reproductive tract? Select all that apply.
Smooth muscle contractions Flagellar movements
What forces assist the sperm cells through the female reproductive tract? Select all that apply.
hCG
What hormone influences testosterone production in the male fetus?
Progesterone
What hormone is at its highest levels AFTER ovulation occurs?
Prostaglandins Oxytocin
What hormones stimulate smooth muscle contractions in females after sexual intercourse?
It stimulates the synthesis and secretion of testosterone in the fetus.
What is the function of human chorionic gonadotropin in the male fetus?
Menstruation
What is the term used to describe the discharge of blood and parts of the endometrial lining?
Necrosis of the functional layer Contraction of uterine smooth muscle Constriction of spiral arteries
What occurs during menses? Select all that apply.
Active mitosis rebuilds the endometrium.
What occurs during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle?
inhibin
Which hormone modulates FSH secretion and sperm production without having to reduce LH and testosterone secretion?
Estrogen FSH LH
Which hormones peak at ovulation? Select all that apply.
Parasympathetic stimulation Sacral reflexes Sympathetic stimulation
Which of the following are involved in the female sexual response? Select all that apply.
Pituitary Hypothalamus
Which of the following structures release hormones to control the ovarian cycle? Select all that apply.
Decrease of BMR
Which of these is NOT caused by testosterone?
Endocrine Nervous
Which two body systems are responsible for normal male reproductive function?
Interstitial
_____ cells of the testes increase their production of testosterone in response to LH.
These hormones stimulate smooth muscle contraction which propels sperm toward the ovaries.
Describe the role prostaglandins and oxytocin play during sexual intercourse?
All these hormones are at low levels.
During menses, which of the following hormones is/are at high levels?
corpus luteum and placenta
During pregnancy, estrogen is secreted by the ___
Increased gonadotropins Spermatogenesis
During puberty, which of the following occur? Select all that apply.
Estrogen LH FSH
During the proliferative phase, the secretion of what hormone(s) is/are increased? Select all that apply.
Proliferative phase
During which phase are LH, FSH and estrogen secreted and the endometrium thickens?
luteal phase follicular phase ovulation
Events that occur during the ovarian cycle include the ______. Select all that apply.
between five days before and one day after ovulation
For fertilization to occur, sexual intercourse must occur ______.
hypothalamus
GnRH is produced and released by the
Proliferative phase Menses Secretory phase
Identify the phases of the menstrual cycle. Select all that apply.
Menses
Identify the portion of the menstrual cycle in which estrogen, progesterone levels are the lowest
Menses
Identify the portion of the menstrual cycle in which estrogen, progesterone levels are the lowest.
Endometrium of the uterus
Identify where the spiral glands are found.
resolution
In males, the penis is flaccid and unable to achieve erection during a phase called
Hormones Psychological factors
What controls the female sex drive? Select all that apply.
Corpus luteum Placenta
List sources of estrogen during pregnancy. Select all that apply.
gonadotropins
Luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone are released from the anterior pituitary and influence the function of the gonads. They are called ______.
sperm cells and oocytes
Meiosis produces ______ in humans.
blood endometrial lining
Menstruation involves the discharge of ______. Select all that apply.
Female climacteric Perimenopause
Name the period from the onset of irregular menstrual cycles until complete cessation of menses. Select all that apply.
LH (luteinizing hormone)
Ovulation is due to a "spike" in levels of______ hormone
menopausal women
Reduced sensitivity to LH and FSH and a decrease in the number of ovarian follicles is typically observed in _____.
dihydrotestosterone estrogen
Testosterone can be converted into ______. Select all that apply.
estrogen dihydrotestosterone
Testosterone can be converted into ______. Select all that apply.
androgen
Testosterone is classified as a(n) , ______a type of hormone that stimulates reproductive anatomy and secondary sex characteristic development in males.
menopause
The cessation of menstrual cycles during midlife is called
uterine
The changes that take place in the endometrial lining during the menstrual cycle is referred to as the _____ cycle.
menstrual or menses
The discharge of menstrual fluid via the vagina occurs during the_______ phase of the menstrual cycle.
development of offspring gamete production hormone production
The functions of the reproductive system include ______. Select all that apply.
FSH
The gonadotropin that stimulates spermatogenesis is
hypothalamus
The gonads, the anterior pituitary, and the are involved in hormonal control of the reproductive system.
luteinizing
The hormone that causes ovulation, corpus luteum formation, and the secretion of androgens by theca interna cells is
Follicle-stimulating hormone; sperm
The hormone, ______, secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, stimulates production of ______ by binding to sustentacular cells.
inhibin Testosterone
The hormones that decrease the release of FSH from the anterior pituitary in males are ______. Select all that apply.
ovarian
The hypothalamus and the pituitary gland release hormones to control the events of the______ cycle
luteinizing hormone (LH)
The interstitial cells of the testes secrete androgens, mainly testosterone, in response to ______.
emission erection ejaculation mucus secretion
The male sex act involves ______. Select all that apply.
trophoblast or syncytiotrophoblast
The outer layer of the developing embryo that secretes enzymes for implantation is called the
capacitation
The removal of proteins and modification of the plasma membrane in sperm cells as they pass through the female reproductive tract is called ______.
ovulation corpus luteum formation
The secretion LH causes _____. Select all that apply.
Leydig
The target cells of LH in the male are the _____cells.
gonadotropin
The term ______ describes a class of pituitary hormone that stimulates the gonads. This class includes FSH and LH.
LH
The transformation of a ruptured follicle into a corpus luteum is regulated by the ______ hormone
spiral
The tubular glands that form in the endometrial lining are called____ glands
endometrium
The uterine cycle refers to the changes that takes place in the ______.
Progesterone
This figure indicated the changes in the endometrium during the uterine cycle. The point of the arrow represents the time that the ovarian hormone_______ PEAKS
It provides nutrients for the fetus. It removes fetal wastes. It secretes hormones.
What are the functions of the placenta? Select all that apply.
What are the functions of the placenta? Select all that apply.
What are the functions of the placenta? Select all that apply.
Formation of external genitalia Development of secondary sex characteristics Stimulates spermatogenesis
What are the main roles of testosterone in males? Select all that apply.
Sustentacular cells
What are the target cells of FSH in males?
Reduced sensitivity to LH and FSH Uncomfortable side effects Reduced production of estrogen and progesterone
What changes occur in menopausal women? Select all that apply.