A&P 2 28.1-28.6

Flagellar movements Smooth muscle contractions

What forces assist the sperm cells through the female reproductive tract? Select all that apply.

Smooth muscle contractions Flagellar movements

What forces assist the sperm cells through the female reproductive tract? Select all that apply.

hCG

What hormone influences testosterone production in the male fetus?

Progesterone

What hormone is at its highest levels AFTER ovulation occurs?

Prostaglandins Oxytocin

What hormones stimulate smooth muscle contractions in females after sexual intercourse?

It stimulates the synthesis and secretion of testosterone in the fetus.

What is the function of human chorionic gonadotropin in the male fetus?

Menstruation

What is the term used to describe the discharge of blood and parts of the endometrial lining?

Necrosis of the functional layer Contraction of uterine smooth muscle Constriction of spiral arteries

What occurs during menses? Select all that apply.

Active mitosis rebuilds the endometrium.

What occurs during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle?

inhibin

Which hormone modulates FSH secretion and sperm production without having to reduce LH and testosterone secretion?

Estrogen FSH LH

Which hormones peak at ovulation? Select all that apply.

Parasympathetic stimulation Sacral reflexes Sympathetic stimulation

Which of the following are involved in the female sexual response? Select all that apply.

Pituitary Hypothalamus

Which of the following structures release hormones to control the ovarian cycle? Select all that apply.

Decrease of BMR

Which of these is NOT caused by testosterone?

Endocrine Nervous

Which two body systems are responsible for normal male reproductive function?

Interstitial

_____ cells of the testes increase their production of testosterone in response to LH.

These hormones stimulate smooth muscle contraction which propels sperm toward the ovaries.

Describe the role prostaglandins and oxytocin play during sexual intercourse?

All these hormones are at low levels.

During menses, which of the following hormones is/are at high levels?

corpus luteum and placenta

During pregnancy, estrogen is secreted by the ___

Increased gonadotropins Spermatogenesis

During puberty, which of the following occur? Select all that apply.

Estrogen LH FSH

During the proliferative phase, the secretion of what hormone(s) is/are increased? Select all that apply.

Proliferative phase

During which phase are LH, FSH and estrogen secreted and the endometrium thickens?

luteal phase follicular phase ovulation

Events that occur during the ovarian cycle include the ______. Select all that apply.

between five days before and one day after ovulation

For fertilization to occur, sexual intercourse must occur ______.

hypothalamus

GnRH is produced and released by the

Proliferative phase Menses Secretory phase

Identify the phases of the menstrual cycle. Select all that apply.

Menses

Identify the portion of the menstrual cycle in which estrogen, progesterone levels are the lowest

Menses

Identify the portion of the menstrual cycle in which estrogen, progesterone levels are the lowest.

Endometrium of the uterus

Identify where the spiral glands are found.

resolution

In males, the penis is flaccid and unable to achieve erection during a phase called

Hormones Psychological factors

What controls the female sex drive? Select all that apply.

Corpus luteum Placenta

List sources of estrogen during pregnancy. Select all that apply.

gonadotropins

Luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone are released from the anterior pituitary and influence the function of the gonads. They are called ______.

sperm cells and oocytes

Meiosis produces ______ in humans.

blood endometrial lining

Menstruation involves the discharge of ______. Select all that apply.

Female climacteric Perimenopause

Name the period from the onset of irregular menstrual cycles until complete cessation of menses. Select all that apply.

LH (luteinizing hormone)

Ovulation is due to a "spike" in levels of______ hormone

menopausal women

Reduced sensitivity to LH and FSH and a decrease in the number of ovarian follicles is typically observed in _____.

dihydrotestosterone estrogen

Testosterone can be converted into ______. Select all that apply.

estrogen dihydrotestosterone

Testosterone can be converted into ______. Select all that apply.

androgen

Testosterone is classified as a(n) , ______a type of hormone that stimulates reproductive anatomy and secondary sex characteristic development in males.

menopause

The cessation of menstrual cycles during midlife is called

uterine

The changes that take place in the endometrial lining during the menstrual cycle is referred to as the _____ cycle.

menstrual or menses

The discharge of menstrual fluid via the vagina occurs during the_______ phase of the menstrual cycle.

development of offspring gamete production hormone production

The functions of the reproductive system include ______. Select all that apply.

FSH

The gonadotropin that stimulates spermatogenesis is

hypothalamus

The gonads, the anterior pituitary, and the are involved in hormonal control of the reproductive system.

luteinizing

The hormone that causes ovulation, corpus luteum formation, and the secretion of androgens by theca interna cells is

Follicle-stimulating hormone; sperm

The hormone, ______, secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, stimulates production of ______ by binding to sustentacular cells.

inhibin Testosterone

The hormones that decrease the release of FSH from the anterior pituitary in males are ______. Select all that apply.

ovarian

The hypothalamus and the pituitary gland release hormones to control the events of the______ cycle

luteinizing hormone (LH)

The interstitial cells of the testes secrete androgens, mainly testosterone, in response to ______.

emission erection ejaculation mucus secretion

The male sex act involves ______. Select all that apply.

trophoblast or syncytiotrophoblast

The outer layer of the developing embryo that secretes enzymes for implantation is called the

capacitation

The removal of proteins and modification of the plasma membrane in sperm cells as they pass through the female reproductive tract is called ______.

ovulation corpus luteum formation

The secretion LH causes _____. Select all that apply.

Leydig

The target cells of LH in the male are the _____cells.

gonadotropin

The term ______ describes a class of pituitary hormone that stimulates the gonads. This class includes FSH and LH.

LH

The transformation of a ruptured follicle into a corpus luteum is regulated by the ______ hormone

spiral

The tubular glands that form in the endometrial lining are called____ glands

endometrium

The uterine cycle refers to the changes that takes place in the ______.

Progesterone

This figure indicated the changes in the endometrium during the uterine cycle. The point of the arrow represents the time that the ovarian hormone_______ PEAKS

It provides nutrients for the fetus. It removes fetal wastes. It secretes hormones.

What are the functions of the placenta? Select all that apply.

What are the functions of the placenta? Select all that apply.

What are the functions of the placenta? Select all that apply.

Formation of external genitalia Development of secondary sex characteristics Stimulates spermatogenesis

What are the main roles of testosterone in males? Select all that apply.

Sustentacular cells

What are the target cells of FSH in males?

Reduced sensitivity to LH and FSH Uncomfortable side effects Reduced production of estrogen and progesterone

What changes occur in menopausal women? Select all that apply.