A&P 2 Chapter 27 The Male Reproductive System

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what are the three parts the urethra is separated into in males

1. prostatic 2. membranous 3. penile

how long does sperm mature and gain motility

14 days

what temperature of the normal sperm development

2-3 degrees below core temperature

what amount of sperm is considered infertility

20 million sperm/mL

each day how many sperm complete the process of spermiogenesis

300 million

how long does spermatogenesis take in humans

65-75 days

what involves the surgical removal of part or all of the prepuce

Circumcision

what hormone with testosterone stimulates the sertoli cells to encourage sperm production

FSH

what does the thymus begin secreting at puberty

GnRh (gonadotropin releasing hormone) which stimulates the gonadotrophs of the pituitary to produce LH and FSH (luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone)

what hormone stimulates the interstitial cells to produce testosterone

LH

what increases surface area for sperm/fluid reabsorption

Microvilli

what is generated by the fluid secreted by the Sertoli cells pushes the sperm and fluid along the seminiferous tubules

Pressure

what does the penis contain

a body and the glans penis

how long can the epididymis store sperm

a few months

what happens during a vasectomy

a portion of the ductus deferens is removed

what produces substances that protect the gametes and facilitate their movement

accessory sex glands

what contains enzymes to help the sperm penetrate the egg

acrosome

what is the dilated terminal portion of the ductus deferens

ampulla

where does the urethra end in males

at the external urethral orifice

how is this lower temperature maintained in the testis

because the scrotum is outside the pelvic cavity

what enters the sinuses of the erectile tissue

blood

what is the septum made of

connective tissue and the dartos muscle

what are the 2 dorsolateral masses of the penis

corpora cavernosa corpus spongiosum(contains the urethra)

a small band of skeletal muscle that is continuous with the internal oblique

cremaster muscle

what is the failure of the testis to descend in an infant (3% of full-term, 30% of premature

cryptorchidism

what transports and stores the gametes

ducts

what conveys sperm during sexual arousal from the epididymis toward the urethra by peristaltic contractions of the smooth muscle in its wall

ductus deferens

at the tail of the epipdidymis the coiled tube straightens and widens and becomes the ____ ______

ductus deferens (vas deferens)

sperm leaves the testes and move into a series of coiled tubules called the ________ of the epididymis which empty into a single tube called the ___ ______

efferent ductules ; ductus epididymis

what duct enters the prostate and terminates at the prosthetic urethra

ejaculatory duct

what is formed by the joining of the duct from the seminal vesicle and the ampulla of the ductus deferens

ejaculatory duct

a comma shaped organ that lies along the posterior border of each testis

epididymis

male gamete and uniting with female gamete

fertilization

how many haploid spermatids does a single diploid primary spermatocyte

four

what are the germ cells made by sexual reproduction called

gametes

what produces gametes and secretes sex hormones

gonads

what are the filled spaces between the tubules are clusters of cells called ____ in the connective tissue

interstitial cells

what cells secrete testosterone

interstitial cells

after sperm is formed where is it released

into the lumen

what is the tail of the sperm made of

microtubules and abundant mitochondria for energy

what do the parasympathetic fibers release in order to dilate the smooth muscle of the wall of the arterioles and of the erectile tissue

nitric oxide

gonads in females

ovaries

upon sexual stimulation _______ _______ from the sacral portion of the spinal cord initiate and maintain an erection

parasympathetic neurons

what contains the urethra and is the passageway for semen and urine

penis

what are the the supporting structures that assist in the delivery and joining of the gametes and in females assist in the growth of the embryo

penis and the uterus

list the order of advancing maturity

primary spermatocytes,secondary spermatocytes, spermatids, and the spermatozoon (sperm)

what is the epididymis lined by

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

what kind of lining and layers does the ductus deferens have

pseudostratified columnar epithelium, a lamina propria,and 3 layers of smooth muscle

median ridge that separates the scrotum

raphe

what divides the scrotum into 2 sacs, each containing a single testis

scrotal septum

this supporting structure for the testis consists of loose skin and superficial fascia that hangs from the root (the attached portion) of the penis

scrotum

female gamete

secondary oocyte

what is the mixture of the seminal fluid and the sperm

semen

what provides the sperm with transportation, nutrients, and protection

seminal fluid

1 to 3 tightly coiled tubules that each of the 200-300 lobules contains

seminiferous tubules

where are sperm produced

seminiferous tubules

what are embedded among the developing sperm are ____ cells

sertoli

supportive cells

sertoli cells

what cells nourish the developing sperm, phagocytize excess spermatid cytoplasm, control their release into the lumen, secrete fluid and produce hormone

sertoli cells

_____ is the process by which organisms produce offspring by making germ cells

sexual reproduction

what does the epididymis also have which can help propel sperm during sexual arousal

smooth muscle

male gamete

sperm

what is sperm production called

spermatogenesis

what are stem cells that develop from primordial germ cells that arise from the yolk sac and enter the testis during the 5th week of development

spermatogenia

sperm forming cells

spermatogenic cells

what are the two types of cells that the seminiferous tubules contain

spermatogenic cells and sertoli cells

which are really long microvilli not cilia at all

sterocilia

gonads in males

testes

paired oval glands in the scrotum measuring about 5cm in length and 22.5 cm in diameter

testes

what secretes an alkaline fluid that contains mucus

the bulbourethral glands

what does spermatogenesis begin with

the diploid spermatogonia

where does the sperm mature in

the epididymis, a process in which they gain motility

what covers the glans

the foreskin or prepuce

the distal end of the corpus spongiosum is slightly enlarged acorn region called ____

the glans penis

what does the head of the sperm contain

the nucleus and acrosome

what secretes a milky, slightly acidic fluid which contains citric acid, proteolytic enzymes and antibiotic

the prostate

what secretes an alkaline, viscous fluid containing fructose, and clotting proteins

the seminal vesicles

in males, what is the shared terminal duct of both the urinary and the reproductive systems

the urethra

what is the principal method for sterilization of males

the vasectomy

what happens to sperm that are not ejaculated

they will be reabsorbed

what forms the blood-testes barrier between the sertoli cells

tight junctions

the body of the penis is composed of three cylindrical masses of tissue each surrounded by a fibrous connective tissue called ______

tunica albuginea

what is the internal to the tunica vaginalis and divides the testis into lobules

tunica albuginea

a serous membrane that is derived from the peritoneum and covers the testis

tunica vaginalis

the resulting cell of fertilization

zygote


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