A&P 2 Chapter 27 The Male Reproductive System
what are the three parts the urethra is separated into in males
1. prostatic 2. membranous 3. penile
how long does sperm mature and gain motility
14 days
what temperature of the normal sperm development
2-3 degrees below core temperature
what amount of sperm is considered infertility
20 million sperm/mL
each day how many sperm complete the process of spermiogenesis
300 million
how long does spermatogenesis take in humans
65-75 days
what involves the surgical removal of part or all of the prepuce
Circumcision
what hormone with testosterone stimulates the sertoli cells to encourage sperm production
FSH
what does the thymus begin secreting at puberty
GnRh (gonadotropin releasing hormone) which stimulates the gonadotrophs of the pituitary to produce LH and FSH (luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone)
what hormone stimulates the interstitial cells to produce testosterone
LH
what increases surface area for sperm/fluid reabsorption
Microvilli
what is generated by the fluid secreted by the Sertoli cells pushes the sperm and fluid along the seminiferous tubules
Pressure
what does the penis contain
a body and the glans penis
how long can the epididymis store sperm
a few months
what happens during a vasectomy
a portion of the ductus deferens is removed
what produces substances that protect the gametes and facilitate their movement
accessory sex glands
what contains enzymes to help the sperm penetrate the egg
acrosome
what is the dilated terminal portion of the ductus deferens
ampulla
where does the urethra end in males
at the external urethral orifice
how is this lower temperature maintained in the testis
because the scrotum is outside the pelvic cavity
what enters the sinuses of the erectile tissue
blood
what is the septum made of
connective tissue and the dartos muscle
what are the 2 dorsolateral masses of the penis
corpora cavernosa corpus spongiosum(contains the urethra)
a small band of skeletal muscle that is continuous with the internal oblique
cremaster muscle
what is the failure of the testis to descend in an infant (3% of full-term, 30% of premature
cryptorchidism
what transports and stores the gametes
ducts
what conveys sperm during sexual arousal from the epididymis toward the urethra by peristaltic contractions of the smooth muscle in its wall
ductus deferens
at the tail of the epipdidymis the coiled tube straightens and widens and becomes the ____ ______
ductus deferens (vas deferens)
sperm leaves the testes and move into a series of coiled tubules called the ________ of the epididymis which empty into a single tube called the ___ ______
efferent ductules ; ductus epididymis
what duct enters the prostate and terminates at the prosthetic urethra
ejaculatory duct
what is formed by the joining of the duct from the seminal vesicle and the ampulla of the ductus deferens
ejaculatory duct
a comma shaped organ that lies along the posterior border of each testis
epididymis
male gamete and uniting with female gamete
fertilization
how many haploid spermatids does a single diploid primary spermatocyte
four
what are the germ cells made by sexual reproduction called
gametes
what produces gametes and secretes sex hormones
gonads
what are the filled spaces between the tubules are clusters of cells called ____ in the connective tissue
interstitial cells
what cells secrete testosterone
interstitial cells
after sperm is formed where is it released
into the lumen
what is the tail of the sperm made of
microtubules and abundant mitochondria for energy
what do the parasympathetic fibers release in order to dilate the smooth muscle of the wall of the arterioles and of the erectile tissue
nitric oxide
gonads in females
ovaries
upon sexual stimulation _______ _______ from the sacral portion of the spinal cord initiate and maintain an erection
parasympathetic neurons
what contains the urethra and is the passageway for semen and urine
penis
what are the the supporting structures that assist in the delivery and joining of the gametes and in females assist in the growth of the embryo
penis and the uterus
list the order of advancing maturity
primary spermatocytes,secondary spermatocytes, spermatids, and the spermatozoon (sperm)
what is the epididymis lined by
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
what kind of lining and layers does the ductus deferens have
pseudostratified columnar epithelium, a lamina propria,and 3 layers of smooth muscle
median ridge that separates the scrotum
raphe
what divides the scrotum into 2 sacs, each containing a single testis
scrotal septum
this supporting structure for the testis consists of loose skin and superficial fascia that hangs from the root (the attached portion) of the penis
scrotum
female gamete
secondary oocyte
what is the mixture of the seminal fluid and the sperm
semen
what provides the sperm with transportation, nutrients, and protection
seminal fluid
1 to 3 tightly coiled tubules that each of the 200-300 lobules contains
seminiferous tubules
where are sperm produced
seminiferous tubules
what are embedded among the developing sperm are ____ cells
sertoli
supportive cells
sertoli cells
what cells nourish the developing sperm, phagocytize excess spermatid cytoplasm, control their release into the lumen, secrete fluid and produce hormone
sertoli cells
_____ is the process by which organisms produce offspring by making germ cells
sexual reproduction
what does the epididymis also have which can help propel sperm during sexual arousal
smooth muscle
male gamete
sperm
what is sperm production called
spermatogenesis
what are stem cells that develop from primordial germ cells that arise from the yolk sac and enter the testis during the 5th week of development
spermatogenia
sperm forming cells
spermatogenic cells
what are the two types of cells that the seminiferous tubules contain
spermatogenic cells and sertoli cells
which are really long microvilli not cilia at all
sterocilia
gonads in males
testes
paired oval glands in the scrotum measuring about 5cm in length and 22.5 cm in diameter
testes
what secretes an alkaline fluid that contains mucus
the bulbourethral glands
what does spermatogenesis begin with
the diploid spermatogonia
where does the sperm mature in
the epididymis, a process in which they gain motility
what covers the glans
the foreskin or prepuce
the distal end of the corpus spongiosum is slightly enlarged acorn region called ____
the glans penis
what does the head of the sperm contain
the nucleus and acrosome
what secretes a milky, slightly acidic fluid which contains citric acid, proteolytic enzymes and antibiotic
the prostate
what secretes an alkaline, viscous fluid containing fructose, and clotting proteins
the seminal vesicles
in males, what is the shared terminal duct of both the urinary and the reproductive systems
the urethra
what is the principal method for sterilization of males
the vasectomy
what happens to sperm that are not ejaculated
they will be reabsorbed
what forms the blood-testes barrier between the sertoli cells
tight junctions
the body of the penis is composed of three cylindrical masses of tissue each surrounded by a fibrous connective tissue called ______
tunica albuginea
what is the internal to the tunica vaginalis and divides the testis into lobules
tunica albuginea
a serous membrane that is derived from the peritoneum and covers the testis
tunica vaginalis
the resulting cell of fertilization
zygote
