A&P 3 - FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
The 4 chambers within the brain where CSF is produced are suclus gyrus ventricles atrium
ventricles
The term that describes a baby capable of living outside the uterus is stillborn viable ectopic preterm
viable
Presence of Reed Sternberg cells in lymph node biopsy would confirm diagnosis of A) Hodgkin lymphoma B) Non-Hodgkin lymphoma C) lympedema D) infectious mononucleosis
A) Hodgkin lymphoma
The lymphatic vessel that carries lymph into a lymph node is the A) afferent vessel B) sinus C) efferent vessel D) hilum
A) afferent vessel
The enlarged portion of the thoracic duct is A) cisterna chyli B) right lymphatic duct C) hilum D) lacteal
A) cisterna chyli
Where are the mesenteric nodes found? A) groin B) near trachea C) between the two peritoneal layers D) armpit
A) groin
Which of the following is NOT an example of a neuroglial cell? A) neuron B) astrocyte C) Schwann cell D) oligodendrocyte
A) neuron
Which part of the nervous system consists of ALL of the spinal nerves and cranial nerves? A) peripheral nervous system B) central nervous system C) somatic nervous system D) autonomic nervous system
A) peripheral nervous system
The sympathetic motor neurons originate from cell bodies in the ______ and ______ regions of the spinal cord. A) thoracic, lumbar B) thoracic, cranial C) cervical, lumbar D) cranial, sacral
A) thoracic, lumbar
Sensory neuron cell bodies are found in the A) white matter of the spinal cord B) dorsal root ganglion C) ventral root ganglion D) plexuses
B) dorsal root ganglion
A collection of neuron cell bodies outside the central nervous system is called a A) nucleus B) ganglion C) tract D) nerve
B) ganglion
Hodgkin disease is a A) benign tumor of the lymph nodes B) malignant tumor of the lymph nodes C) benign tumor of the spleen D) malignant tumor of the spleen
B) malignant tumor of the lymph nodes
Ms. L has been experiencing muscle weakness. Her physician informs her that she has abnormal antibodies attacking the myelin sheath around neurons in her central nervous system. The most likely diagnosis is A) poliomyelitis B) multiple sclerosis C) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis D) peripheral neuropathy
B) multiple sclerosis
The correct order of impulse conduction through a reflex arc is A) sensory neuron, receptor, effector, interneuron, motor neuron B) receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, effector C) receptor, motor neuron, sensory neuron, interneuron, effector D) effector, sensory neuron, motor neuron, interneuron, receptor
B) receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, effector
To what do neurotransmitters bind? A) transporters B) receptors C) linkers D) channels
B) receptors
Which of the following is NOT an action of the sympathetic nervous system? A) increase in blood pressure B) stimulation of skeletal muscle C) stimulation of the adrenal gland D) dilation of the pupils
B) stimulation of skeletal muscle
The veins that receive lymph from the two terminal lymphatic vessels are the A) pulmonary veins B) subclavian veins C) carotid veins D) brachial veins
B) subclavian veins
Chronic, dull, poorly localized pain transmits through Alpha Fibers Beta Fibers C Fibers A-Delta Fibers
C Fibers
The cause of infectious mononucleosis is A) HIV B) mumps virus C) Epstein-Barr virus D) Hodgkin virus
C) Epstein-Barr virus
In what way do lymphatic capillaries differ from blood capillaries? A) Their walls are composed of more cell layers. B) They are larger. C) They are more permeable. D) They transport more cells.
C) They are more permeable.
Regions innervated by the brachial plexus include the A) pelvis and legs B) neck and head C) arm and shoulder D) diaphragm and ribs
C) arm and shoulder
Lymph from the arm and breast passes through A) inguinal nodes B) cervical nodes C) axillary nodes D) tracheobronchial nodes
C) axillary nodes
Which of the following is NOT a neurotransmitter? A) acetylcholine B) dopamine C) dermatome D) noradrenaline
C) dermatome
A college student notices that her legs are swollen after 10 hours of sitting on a chair to study. What is a good way of preventing this problem? A) increase protein intake B) decrease sodium intake C) get up every hour or so to take a short walk in the middle of studying. D) cross your leg while sitting down
C) get up every hour or so to take a short walk in the middle of studying.
The nerve that contains only efferent fibers is the A) sensory nerve B) mixed nerve C) motor nerve D) nerve tract
C) motor nerve
Potassium channels open late in the action potential to cause membrane A) depolarization B) potential C) repolarization D) degradation
C) repolarization
The neurons that conduct impulses to the spinal cord and brain are the A) motor neurons B) interneurons C) sensory neurons D) association neurons
C) sensory neurons
Which division of the nervous system exclusively controls skeletal muscles? A) peripheral nervous system B) central nervous system C) somatic nervous system D) autonomic nervous system
C) somatic nervous system
Mr. Y was in a motor vehicle accident and is unable to move his arms or legs. Mr. Y suffers from A) monoplegia B) hemiplegia C) tetraplegia D) diplegia
C) tetraplegia
Which lymph nodes become black in smokers and those living in air pollution? A) thoracid B) respiratory C) tracheobronchial D) axillary
C) tracheobronchial
The cranial nerve that conducts vision from the eye is CN I (olfactory) CN II (optic) CN IV (trochlear) CN V (trigemial)
CN II (optic)
Sensation of touch from the face including the eyes is carried by CN XII (hypoglosssal nerve) CN X (Vagus nerve) CN VII (facial) CN V (trigeminal)
CN V (trigeminal)
Which of the following statements is NOT true of semen? It neutralizes the pH of the vagina. It contains sugars. It is acidic. It contains secretions from the seminal vesicles.
It is acidic.
Which of the following cells is involved in innate (non-specific) immunity? B Cell Cytotoxic T Cells Memory B Cells Macrophages
Macrophages
Which of the following is NOT a type of T Cell? Helper Cell Plasma Cell Cytotoxic Cell Memory Cell
Plasma Cell
Which of the following is NOT a method of studying the brain? MRI EEG PET RAS
RAS
Which type of vaccine consists of live virus that has been weakened so it won't cause a serious disease? attenuated toxoid toxin purified protein derivative
attenuated
Rheumatoid arthritis, Multiple Sclerosis, Psoriasis, Graves' Disease, and Type I Diabetes are examples of prophylaxis anaphylaxis autoimmune disorders rejection syndrome
autoimmune disorders
Which of the following birth control methods affects gametogenesis? vasectomy birth control patch intrauterine device All of the answers are correct.
birth control patch
You apply for a job. Your immunization record indicates that your last tetanus shot was 12 years ago. Employer requires that you get a tetanus shot. This repeated inoculation to help maintain a high titer of antibodies is called a/an booster artificial passive immunity natural passive immunity complement
booster
The transparent anterior portion of the sclera is choroid retina optic disk cornea
cornea
Which of the following is NOT a sign of inflammation? redness heat pain cyanosis
cyanosis
Menses results from a(n) decline in estrogen and progesterone increase in estrogen and progesterone increase in luteinizing hormone increase in follicle-stimulating hormone
decline in estrogen and progesterone
Which of the following maternal changes is NOT normally associated with pregnancy? decreased heartbeat increased respiration increased urinary frequency increased cardiac output
decreased heartbeat
Identical twins develop from a single fertilized egg usually share an umbilical cord can be genetically distinct from each other All of the answers are correct.
develop from a single fertilized egg
A 55-year-old man presents with complaints of tingling, burning, and pinpricking pain in his toes. Physical exam shows diminished sensation of the foot and toes, mostly the sensation of vibration, and loss of hair and shiny looking skin of the foot. Sensation is intact above the ankle. This pain MOST likely describes referred pain hyperalgesia radiculopathy diabetic neuropathy
diabetic neuropathy
the point of sharpest vision of the retina
fovea centralis
Which of the following gland(s) is found in women? greater vestibular glands prostate gland bulbourethral gland seminal vesicle
greater vestibular glands
Endometriosis is a low sperm count a sexually transmitted infection inflammation of a uterine tube growth of uterine tissue outside the uterus
growth of uterine tissue outside the uterus
The raised area on the surface of the brain is gyrus sulcus atrium ventricle
gyrus
The hormone produced by embryonic cells that maintains the corpus luteum is luteinizing hormone human placental lactogen progesterone human chorionic gonadotropin
human chorionic gonadotropin
Which hormone does the home pregnancy kits test for in the urine? human chorionic sotatomatotropin (hCS) human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) estrogen lutenizing hormone
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
What fold of membrane is sometimes found near the vaginal opening? prepuce labia clitoris hymen
hymen
Homeostasis of blood pressure, temperature, autonomic nervous system, and the endocrine system is mainly controlled by thalamus hypothalamus pons medulla oblongata
hypothalamus
Which of the following is NOT a function of cerebellum? maintaining muscle tone maintaining balance coordinating voluntary muscles initiating movement of voluntary muscle
initiating movement of voluntary muscle
Alzheimer Disease is classically characterized by intellectual impairment and disorientation tremor impaired balance limb rigidity
intellectual impairment and disorientation
The colored part of the eye is sclera cornea iris diaphragm retina
iris diaphragm
Which muscles control the diameter of the pupil? extrinsic eye muscles extraocular muscles iris diaphragm muscles cilliary muscles
iris diaphragm muscles
The limbic system controls all of the motor function of all 4 limbs controls the motor function of upper limbs only controls the movement of the lower limbs only is a widespread collection of brain tissue involved in emotion and memories.
is a widespread collection of brain tissue involved in emotion and memories.
Which of the following BEST describes claudication? ischemic pain neuralgia radiculopathy referred pain
ischemic pain
Which opioid receptor has analgesic effects? Alpha Beta Kappa Sigma
kappa
__________ gland produces tear
lacrimal
Malignant neoplasm of plasma cells in bone marrow that causes degradation of bone is multiple myeloma lymphoma leukemia Hodgkin disease
multiple myeloma
Which of the following is MOST likely a physiologic response to acute pain? nausea hypotension hypermobility of bladder and bowel bradycardia
nausea
The physiological mechanism of pain processing is modulation transmission nociception perception
nociception
Which lobe of the cerebrum processes vision? frontal parietal occipital temporal
occipital
Which lobe of the cerebrum processes vision? parietal occipital temporal frontal
occipital
In advanced stages of AIDS, patients often develop _________ infections because of immunosuppression. complementary superinfections opportunistic resistant
opportunistic
the blind spot of the retina
optic disc
Labor can be artificially initiated by the administration of progesterone oxytocin prolactin relaxin
oxytocin
Which of the following is NOT influenced by culture and does NOT vary so much between individuals? pain tolerance pain threshold pain expression
pain threshold
Which of the following is a chemical mediator of initiating a pain signal? glucocorticoid prostaglandin enkephalin cytokine
prostaglandin
A patient complains of low back pain, that is 7/10 in intensity. The pain shoots down from the low back through the leg all the way down to the left middle 3 toes. MRI of the spine shows herniated disk. This pain is MOST likely of a diabetic neuropathy carpal tunnel syndrome post herpatic neuralgia radiculopathy
radiculopathy
Pain is considered a special sense. is a sensation that adapts very well. can only be relieved by pharmacological methods using analgesics. receptors are free nerve endings called nociceptors..
receptors are free nerve endings called nociceptors..
A patient with history of coronary artery disease complains of chest pain, shortness of breath and headache every time he exercises or walks up stairs. The frequent chest pain has recently started to travel to his left shoulder and left upper arm. Which of the following terms implies the pain in the shoulder and upper arm? visceral pain neuropathic pain referred pain caludication
referred pain
Photoreceptors are located in the retina sclera choroid vascular tunic
retina
Measured from the last menstrual period, due date will be after 37 weeks (259 days) 38 weeks (266 days) 40 weeks (280 days) 42 weeks (294 days)
40 weeks (280 days)
The normal chromosome number of a human zygote is 23 46 69 None of the answers are correct.
46
Cryptorchidism is a twisting of the spermatic cord An undescended testis an abnormal protrusion of the testis through the abdominal wall inflammation of the testis
An undescended testis
Childhood immunization results in which type of immunity? Natural Active Natural Passive Artificial Active Artificial Passive
Artificial Active
Which cells manufacture antibody? Suppressor T Cells T Helper Cells B Cells Macrophages
B Cells
Which of the following is a function of the lymphatic system? A) oxygen delivery to tissues B) absorption of digested fats C) transport of absorbed amino acids from the intestine to the liver D) thermoregulation
B) absorption of digested fats
The fibers that conduct impulses away from the cell body are the A) dendrites B) axons C) cell bodies D) neurilemma
B) axons
The fluid found in the central canal of the spinal cord is A) blood B) cerebrospinal fluid C) lymph D) saline
B) cerebrospinal fluid
The milky appearing lymph that drains from the small intestine is A) chyme B) chyle C) cisterna chyli D) germinals
B) chyle
Which of the following is NOT in the central nervous system? A) tract B) collateral ganglion C) white matter D) interneuron
B) collateral ganglion
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of lymphatic vessels? A) They have thin walls. B) They are blind-ended. C) They can contract to propel lymph. D) They transport lymph to the tissues.
D) They transport lymph to the tissues.
Which of the following is NOT a function of the spleen? A) destruction of old red blood cells B) removal of impurities C) storage of blood D) absorption of digested fats
D) absorption of digested fats
Before the start of an action potential, the neuron membrane is A) depolarized B) repolarized C) unpolarized D) at rest
D) at rest
At a synapse, which direction does transmission usually occur? A) from the postsynaptic cell to the presynaptic cell B) between two postsynaptic cells C) between two presynaptic cells D) from the presynaptic cell to the postsynaptic cell
D) from the presynaptic cell to the postsynaptic cell
The head of the spermatozoon contains large amounts of DNA mitochondria cytoplasm All of the answers are correct.
DNA
The cell bodies of the sensory (afferent) neurons carrying pain signal from the body to the spinal cord are located in Dorsal Root Ganglia Lateral Spinothalamic Tract Lamina V Substancia Gelatinosa
Dorsal Root Ganglia
The Oculomotor Nerve (CN III) controls the movement of facial muscles eye muscles of mastication shoulder muscles
EYE
DiGeorge Syndrome is a congenital deformity in which the thymus gland is either absent or doesn't develop well. Which immune cell would be MOST affected by this disorder? B Cells T Cells neutorophils macrophages
T Cells
Macrophages participate in antigen presentation phagocytosis immunity all of the above
all of the above
A 45-year-old female with neuropathic pain complains of severe pain in her scalp every time she brushes her hair. Which of the following medical terms BEST describes the symptom she is experiencing? hyperalgia analgesia allodynia parasthesia
allodynia
Clear liquid that flows from the uterus when the mother's "water breaks" is lochea chyle chyme amniotic fluid
amniotic fluid
Life-threatening allergic reaction is termed prophylaxis anaphylaxis autoimmune disorder rejection syndrome
anaphylaxis
Humoral immunity involves antibody T Cell skin mucous membrane
antibody
Immunoglobulin is antigen MHC antibody complement
antibody
Which of the following is an acquired defense against infection? skin mucous membrane antibody cillia
antibody
A 25 years old hiker was bitten by a rattlesnake. He was taken to the ER quickly after and there he was administered antivenin. That is providing artificial passive immunity artificial active immunity natural passive immunity natural active immunity
artificial passive immunity
The Apgar score is used to evaluate fetal health measure cervical dilation monitor childbirth assess a newborn's health
assess a newborn's health
Immune surveillance is a natural process that protects the body against cancer autoimmunity viral infection anaphylaxis
cancer
The little Brain located below the posterior part of the cerebral hemisphere is medulla oblongata cerebellum thalamus hypothalamus
cerebellum
The Brain region involved in conscious thought and problem solving is thalamus medulla hypothalamus cerebral cortex
cerebral cortex
A Pap smear tests for cancer of the ovary the prostate cervix the oviducts
cervix
the middle pigmented layer of the eye
choroid
Which of these structures forms cerebrospinal fluid? cerebral aqueduct central sulcus choroid plexus internal capsule
choroid plexus
The prepuce is NOT present in individuals who have undergone hysterectomy circumcision vasectomy tubal ligation
circumcision
a photoreceptor
cone
Color blindness is caused by deficiency or malfunctioning of rods cones vitamin A iron
cones
The fertilized egg normally attaches to the myometrium oviduct fimbriae endometrium
endometrium
Which of the following is a painkiller released by certain brain regions? narcotic endorphin NSAID anesthetic
endorphin
Which of the following is an opioid occurring naturally in human body? opium morphine endorphin THC
endorphin
The coiled tube on the testis that stores spermatozoa is named vas deferens epididymis seminal vesicle seminiferous tubule
epididymis
A hysterectomy is one possible treatment for fibroids infertility ovarian cancer salpingitis
fibroids
A 45 years old female complains of fatigue, and pain throughout her body for the past several months. Physical exam reveals multiple focal tender points around the neck, shoulder, hip, and elbow. Further patient interview reveals sign and symptoms of depression. She is MOST LIKELY suffering from chronic fatigue syndrome fibromyalgia pain of depression diabetic neuropathy
fibromyalgia
Mr. A stepped on a fish while beach walking in the South Pacific. A spine was embedded in his foot, and he rapidly became dizzy and the foot swelled up alramingly. He was told by a local doctor that the fish spine contains an incredibly potent poison and that he will be dead in 8 hours unless the poison is neutralized. What would be the treatment at this time? fish toxoid fish toxin fish antitoxin fish antigen
fish antitoxin
Which structure transmits pain signals through the spinal cord? ventral root of spinal cord lateral spinothalamic (anterolateral) tract thalamus gray matter
lateral spinothalamic (anterolateral) tract
What is cataract? irregular shape of cornea irregular shape of iris diaphragm abnormally short eyeball loss of lens transparency
loss of lens transparency
Which 2 organs are largely bypassed in the fetal circulation? lungs and liver liver and kidney lungs and intestine kidney and intestine
lungs and liver
Which of the following cells participates in innate immunity? B lymphocyte memory T Cells Cytotoxic T Cell macrophages
macrophages
The structure that secretes colostrum is the mammary gland uterine gland placenta amniotic membrane
mammary gland
The part of brain stem that regulates respiration and heart function is the medulla pons midbrain basal nuclei
medulla
The relay center for eye and ear reflexes is in pons medulla midbrain thalamus
midbrain
The innermost layer of meninges is pia matter dura matter arachnoid choroid
pia matter
The placenta is attached near the cervix in cases of eclampsia placenta previa abruptio placentae tubal pregnancy
placenta previa
The structure that is between medulla and midbrain is pons cerebellum corpus callosum dura mater
pons
A 75 years old female complains of severe pain on the left side of her back and left side of her abdomen for the past 3 months. The pain is described as burning sensation and 8/10 intensity. It all started 3 months ago with a rash and blisters on the same region of the body that is now cleared. Which of the following is MOST likely described by this clinical presentation? post infectious pain diabetic neuropathy post ischemic pain post herpatic neuralgia
post herpatic neuralgia
Which of the functional brain regions is found in the frontal lobe? premotor area sensory association area speech comprehension area visual receiving area
premotor area
Which of the following is a general sense? proprioception equilibrium vision hearing
proprioception
Which of the following refers to the sense that lets you feel where your foot is without looking at it? tactile sensation proprioception olfaction gustation
proprioception
Which of the following structures contributes the most liquid to the semen? seminiferous tubules epididymis vas deferens seminal vesicles
seminal vesicles
You walk into a public lavatory and you sense the foul smelling air. After using the toilet, while washing your hand your friend walks in and complains about the odor, but now you don't feel it. This phenomenon illustrates the principle of accomodation negative feedback narcotics sensory adaptation
sensory adaptation
The structure that contains an acrosome is the follicle spermatozoon corpus luteum ovum
spermatozoon
The pain signal crosses over to the contralateral side of the central nervous system at the level of spinal nerve root where it enters medulla pons none of the above; it doesn't cross over
spinal nerve root where it enters
Receptors for hearing are in ______________.
spiral organ or organ or choroid
Which of the following means a shallow groove on the surface of brain? sulcus gyrus fissure process
sulcus
Which of the following refers to the sense of touch? tactile proprioception gustatory olfaction
tactile
Which of the following is the BEST and the typical way to confirm immunity to rubella? check the immunization record test blood for rubella antigen test for immunoglobulin against rubella examine for signs and symptoms of exposure
test for immunoglobulin against rubella
The substance secreted by interstitial cells of the testis is luteinizing hormone mucus a thin alkaline fluid testosterone
testosterone
Which of the following is part of the diencephalon? thalamus cerebral aqueduct cerebral cortex medulla
thalamus
Menopause occurs when the follicle differentiates into the corpus luteum the aging ovary no longer produces mature follicles the endometrial lining is shed spermatozoa production ceases
the aging ovary no longer produces mature follicles
The event that is stimulated by testosterone is a surge in LH secretion the development of spermatozoa ovulation endometrial thickening
the development of spermatozoa
The uterine proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle occurs during the preovulatory phase the secretory phase ovulation menstruation
the preovulatory phase
Progesterone levels are highest in the menstrual cycle during follicular development the proliferative phase preovulatory phase the secretory phase
the secretory phase
When is the placenta normally expelled from the uterus during labor? first stage second stage third stage fourth stage
third stage
A patient presents with complainth of unilateral pain in her jaw that occurs frequently and suddenly. The pain is described as a sharp shooting pain. The nurse taps with her finger on the side of patient's face just anterior to the ear. That trigger the sharp shooting pain from the side of the face, shooting into the lower jaw. These signs and symptoms are MOST PARTICULARLY suggestive of fibromyalgia diabetic neuropathy trigeminal neuralgia reffered pain
trigeminal neuralgia
At 7 weeks of gestation, the uterus contains an embryo. True False
true
The vessels that are contained in the umbilical cord are one artery and one vein two arteries and two veins two arteries and one vein one artery and two veins
two arteries and one vein
The technique most commonly used to follow fetal development and determine the position of the placenta is amniocentesis x-rays ultrasonography magnetic resonance imaging
ultrasonography
Blood is carried from the placenta to the fetus through umbilical artery umbilical vein placental artery ductus arteriosus
umbilical vein
Most strains of Coronavirus cause the common cold with a runny nose, sneezing, malaise, and mild fever. The Novel COVID-19 Strain causes severe respiratory distress that requires intubation and may lead to death. How is the COVID-19 different than all other previous strains; which factor makes that difference? predisposition virulence portal of entry none of the above
virulence
The structure that contains the labia and clitoris is the obstetric perineum vulva vestibule uterus
vulva
The correct sequence in early development of the fertilized egg is zygote, morula, blastocyst, embryo trophoblast, blastocyst, embryo, zygote zygote, decidua, embryo, morula chorion, corpus luteum, morula, zygote
zygote, morula, blastocyst, embryo
