A&P CH 19 Q's
Which of the following is NOT a vasoconstrictor? Atrial natriuretic peptide Antidiuretic hormone Angiotensin II norepinephrine
Atrial natriuretic peptide
The baroreceptors in the cartoid sinus and aortic arch are sensitive to __________. (A) a decrease in CO2 (B) changes in arterial pressure (C) a decrease in O2 (D) all of these
B
The myocardium receives its blood supply directly from the _________. (A) aorta (B) coronary arteries (C) coronary sinus (D) pulmonary arteries
B
Blood flow in the capillaries is steady despite the rhythmic pumping of the heart because of the ___________. (A) elasticity of the large arteries (B) small diameter of capillaries (C) thin walls of the veins (D) venous valves
A
The structure of a capillary wall differs from that of a vein or an artery because _________. (A) it has two tunics instead of 3 (B) there is smooth muscle (C) it has a single tunic---- only the tunica intima (D) none of these
C
Which of the following can lead to decreased venous return of blood to the heart? (A) an increase in blood volume (B) an increase in venous pressure (C) damage to the venous valves (D) increased muscular activity
C
Which of the following do not drain directly into the inferior vena cava? (A) inferior phrenic veins (B) hepatic veins (C) inferior mesenteric vein (D) renal veins
C
Which of the following hormones will lower blood pressure? angiotensin II (Ang II) aldosterone antidiuretic hormone (ADH) atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
In the capillaries, hydrostatic pressure (HP) is exerted by __________. blood pressure proteins in the blood
blood pressure
Blood pressure would INCREASE as a result of a DECREASE in __________. blood vessel diameter cardiac output blood viscosity blood volume
blood vessel diameter
From what artery does the right common carotid artery arise? external carotid artery aortic arch brachiocephalic trunk internal carotid artery
brachiocephalic trunk
Which of the following is not a capillary transport mechanism that allows for the exchange of nutrients and gases? movement through intracellular clefts or fenestrations bulk flow diffusion through the endothelial cell membrane transport in pinocytotic vesicles.
bulk flow
The net hydrostatic pressure (HP) is the hydrostatic pressure in the __________ minus hydrostatic pressure in the __________. capillary; interstitial fluid interstitial fluid; capillary
capillary; interstitial fluid
Which of the following would be interrupted in the indirect renal mechanism if angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is blocked from performing its job? release of renin from the kidneys sympathetic nervous system activity conversion of angiotensin I from angiotensinogen conversion of angiotensin I into angiotensin II
conversion of angiotensin I into angiotensin II
Toxic substances absorbed along the digestive tract put stress on the liver because all of the deoxygenated blood from the digestive organs is drained by the __________. abdominal aorta hepatic portal vein inferior vena cava renal veins
hepatic portal vein
In local autoregulation of blood flow, usually low oxygen levels cause vasodilation. Which tissue shows the opposite pattern? skeletal muscles heart lungs liver
lungs
What pressure is responsible for reabsorption and for pulling fluids into the venous end of capillaries? osmotic pressure in interstitial fluid (OPif) osmotic pressure in capillary (OPc) hydrostatic pressure in interstitial fluid (HPif) hydrostatic pressure in a capillary (HPc)
osmotic pressure in capillary (OPc)
Which net pressure draws fluid into the capillary? net hydrostatic pressure net osmotic pressure
net osmotic pressure
Which of the following CANNOT diffuse across a capillary wall to or from the surrounding interstitial fluid? oxygen and carbon dioxide monosaccharides and amino acids proteins lipid-soluble substances
proteins
The colloid osmotic pressure in the capillary is caused by __________. blood pressure proteins in the blood
proteins in the blood
Reabsorption of fluid into the capillary takes place at the arterial end or venous end of the capillary? arterial venous
venous
Assume a person is experiencing a hemorrhage and the HPc has dropped to 23 mm Hg at the arteriole end of the capillary. Calculate net filtration pressure (NFP) at the arteriole end of the capillary. −8 mm Hg −2 mm Hg 2 mm Hg 10 mm Hg
−2 mm Hg
Which of the following would reflect the typical net hydrostatic pressure (HP) at the arterial end of the capillary? 1 mm Hg 34 mm Hg 12 mm Hg
34 mm Hg
Which of the following changes would produce the greatest change in total peripheral resistance? 10% change in blood viscosity 10% change in cardiac output 10% change in vessel length 10% change in vessel diameter
10% change in vessel diameter
Which of the following is NOT one of the ways that angiotensin II increases arterial blood pressure? Angiotensin II stimulates the secretion of aldosterone. Angiotensin II prompts the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Angiotensin II triggers the sensation of thirst. Angiotensin II promotes vasodilation that decreases total peripheral resistance.
Angiotensin II promotes vasodilation that decreases total peripheral resistance.
Which of the following statements describes the significance of blood pressure changes as blood reaches the capillary beds? Blood pressure does not change as blood flows from arteries into capillaries. Blood pressure increases as it reaches the capillary beds because capillaries need a higher blood pressure for filtration activities. Blood pressure drops as it reaches the capillary beds because high pressure would rupture them. Blood pressure drops as it reaches the capillary beds because capillaries depend on the lower pressure to prevent fluid exchange between the capillaries and interstitial space.
Blood pressure drops as it reaches the capillary beds because high pressure would rupture them.
You have a patient with a very low blood pressure of 80/60 mm Hg. What are the possible consequences of this low blood pressure on capillary function? Mean arterial pressure (MAP) would not be high enough for adequate capillary exchange to occur. Capillaries may rupture Tissues would become ischemic because of lack of adequate perfusion. Both a and c are correct. All of the choices are correct.
Both a and c are correct
Total peripheral resistance ________. (A) is inversely proportional to the length of the vascular bed (B) increases in anemia (C) decreases in polycythemia (D) is inversely related to the diameter of the aterioles
D
Which of the following would not result in dilation of the terminal arterioles and upstream arterioles in systemic capillary beds? (A) a decrease in local tissue O2 content (B) an increase in local tissue CO2 (C) a local increase in histamine (D) a local increase in pH
D
Which statement does not accurately describe the veins? (A) have less elastic tissue and smooth muscles than arteries (B) contain more fibrous tissue than arteries (C) most veins in the extremities have valves (D) always carry deoxygenated blood
D
Arterial blood pressure increases in response to __________. (A) increasing stroke volume (B) increasing heart rate (C) atherosclerosis (D) rising blood volume (E) all of these
E
Which of the following would NOT be a cause of edema in your patient's lower extremities? Sitting during a long flight Pregnancy Congestive heart failure Excess protein in the diet
Excess protein in the diet
You are part of a team responding to a cardiac arrest in the emergency department. The area near the patient's head is crowded by personnel and equipment. Which pulse might you palpate to help judge the efficacy of CPR? Dorsalis pedis artery Popliteal pulse Femoral artery Carotid pulse
Femoral artery
During exercise, cardiac output may increase by more than 170 to meet the body's increased demands. This increase in cardiac output increases blood pressure. But the accompanying increase in arterial pressure is relatively small—only about 40. What limits this increase in blood pressure so that it doesn't reach dangerously high levels during exercise? Hematocrit decreases as more interstitial fluid enters the blood vessels. Blood volume decreases due to sweating. Blood vessels shorten in the contracting skeletal muscles. Vasodilation causes arterial diameter to increase in the exercising skeletal muscle.
Vasodilation causes arterial diameter to increase in the exercising skeletal muscle.
Which of the following would decrease total peripheral resistance to blood flow? increasing blood vessel length decreasing the hematocrit atherosclerosis vasoconstriction
decreasing the hematocrit
Which of these would NOT be an expected response to a drop in mean arterial pressure? increased thirst release of renin from the kidneys secretion of aldosterone increased filtration by the kidneys
increased filtration by the kidneys
