A&P Ch. 19

Reticulocytes account for about __________ percent of the erythrocyte population in the blood. zero 1 5 10

1

A hemoglobin molecule consists of __________ chains of polypeptides, and __________ heme units, which each contain the element __________. one; two; sodium two; four; iron three; six; calcium four; four; iron

4,4,iron

Which of the following statements concerning red blood cells is INCORRECT? Red blood cells are biconcave discs. Red blood cells form rouleaux structures as they flow through narrow vessels. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin. There are approximately 10,000 red blood cells in a microliter (µL) of blood.

There are approximately 10,000 red blood cells in a microliter (µL) of blood.

Which of the following is NOT a reason why venipuncture is usually the preferred method for obtaining a blood sample? Superficial veins are easy to locate. The puncture wound produced by this method seals quickly. Blood pressure in the venous system is relatively low. Walls of veins are thicker than arteries.

Walls of veins are thicker than arteries.

4b) If hematocrit test results or the amount of hemoglobin are low, a condition known as ________ results.

anemia

Reticulocytes complete their development into ________ in the circulation. Reticulocytes complete their development into ________ in the circulation. macrophages thrombocytes erythrocytes neutrophils megakaryotes

erythrocytes

Which blood cells are the most abundant? erythrocytes neutrophils platelets monocytes

erythrocytes

Mary is tested for the amount of hemoglobin in her blood. The test results indicate that her hemoglobin level is 16 g/dL of blood. This value indicates that Mary is tested for the amount of hemoglobin in her blood. The test results indicate that her hemoglobin level is 16 g/dL of blood. This value indicates that she may be suffering from a form of leukemia. she has fewer red blood cells than normal. her hemoglobin level is normal. she is suffering from anemia. her hematocrit is probably lower than normal.

hemoglobin level is normal

4c) The breaking down/rupturing of RBCs is called _____________.

hemolysis

The bond between oxygen and hemoglobin is __________ than that of fetal hemoglobin and oxygen. much stronger than equal to stronger than weaker than

weaker than

Normal hemoglobin concentrations are in the range of __________ g/dL. 7-25 1-9 20-34 12-18

12-18

Lymphocytes account for __________ percent of circulating white blood cells. 10-15 20-30 40-50 less than 1

20-30

A normal hematocrit is in the range of __________. 20-45 37-54 45-62 54-73

37-54

The average life span of a red blood cell is The average life span of a red blood cell is about 1 year. 1 month. many years. 24 hours. 4 months.

4 months

The lifespan of a typical RBC is about __________. four months one month one week one year

4 months

There are __________ major blood types and __________ different surface antigens. two; three four; two four; three three; three

4,3

Blood volume represents about ________ percent of a person's body weight. Blood volume represents about ________ percent of a person's body weight. 25 2 42 7 15

7

An individual with type AB blood has __________ antigens and __________ antibodies. A and B; no B; A no; A and B A; B

A and B; no

If Misty is type A and needs to receive transfusions of blood during a surgery, which blood type(s) could she receive? A and O B AB O

A and O

Blood __________. is more viscous than water because of its combination of formed and dissolved elements maintains the ability to stop its flow at a point of injury carries hormones and antibodies in its circulation contains red cells, white cells, and platelets All of the listed responses are correct.

All of the listed responses are correct.

A person with a type A positive blood can safely receive blood from all of these donors EXCEPT __________. A person with a type A positive blood can safely receive blood from all of these donors EXCEPT __________. B positive A positive O positive A negative

B pos

Which of the following occurs during the recycling of a red blood cell? Most cells undergo hemolysis and are excreted in the kidneys as cell fragments. Iron and amino acids are recycled to be used in erythropoiesis, while unusable products are excreted into the small intestine in bile. Heme units are broken down, and iron and amino acids are sent to the liver for excretion. None of the listed responses is correct.

Iron and amino acids are recycled to be used in erythropoiesis, while unusable products are excreted into the small intestine in bile.

Along with calcium ions, which vitamin is involved in almost every aspect of blood coagulation? A K B12 E

K

Which of the following statements concerning white blood cells is FALSE? Monocytes begin their development in bone marrow and then migrate to the thymus, spleen, or liver to complete the maturation process. Lymphocytes completing their maturation process in the thymus become T cells. Granulocytes complete their development in bone marrow. Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils become band cells before becoming mature WBCs.

Monocytes begin their development in bone marrow and then migrate to the thymus, spleen, or liver to complete the maturation process.

Which of the following statements concerning hemoglobin is FALSE? Heme groups contain the mineral iron. Most of the hemoglobin in red blood cells is in the form of carbaminohemoglobin. Hemoglobin consists of two alpha chains and two beta chains. Each hemoglobin molecule contains four heme groups.

Most of the hemoglobin in red blood cells is in the form of carbaminohemoglobin.

The common pathway of coagulation begins with the The common pathway of coagulation begins with the release of tissue factor by damaged endothelium. conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. sticking of platelets to damaged tissue. activation of a proenzyme exposed to collagen. activation of Factor X, production of prothrombin activator.

activation of Factor X, production of prothrombinactivator.

The intrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by the The intrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by the activation of Factor XII by platelet factors. sticking of platelets to each other. release of heparin from the liver. conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. release of tissue factor (Factor III) by damaged endothelium.

activation of Factor XII by platelet factors

Which of the following descriptions best matches the function of platelets? Which of the following descriptions best matches the function of platelets? adhere to collagen beneath endothelium kill bacteria using hydrogen peroxide produce antibodies in response to antigens often elevated in allergic individuals helper cells are one type

adhere to collagen beneath endothelium

Which type of healthy human would typically have 4 to 5 liters of blood? newborn child adult male adult female male child, 5 years old

adult female

The clumping of red blood cells, when the specific antibody against the antigen on the cells is added, is called The clumping of red blood cells, when the specific antibody against the antigen on the cells is added, is called areolation. vascularization. hemostasis. coagulation. agglutination.

agglutination

Which plasma protein transports fatty acids and some hormones? Which plasma protein transports fatty acids and some hormones? hormone-binding protein steroid-binding protein albumin gamma globulin translipin

albumin

The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are albumins. lipoproteins. transport proteins. globulins. fibrinogens.

albumins

In adults, red bone marrow is located in the In adults, red bone marrow is located in the body of vertebrae. iliac crest. proximal epiphyses of long bones. sternum and ribs. All of the answers are correct.

all

The binding of a heme unit's iron ion to an oxygen ion __________. will be broken when oxygen reaches systemic tissues, so that oxygen can enter body cells forms oxyhemoglobin is a reversible binding All of the listed responses are correct.

all

The platelet phase includes which of the following? platelet adhesion platelet aggregation platelet plug formation All of the listed responses are correct.

all

The process of hemostasis includes which of the following? platelet phase coagulation phase vascular phase All of the listed responses are correct.

all

When a person who lives at sea level vacations in the Rocky Mountains, you would expect When a person who lives at sea level vacations in the Rocky Mountains, you would expect a rise in hematocrit. a drop in atmospheric oxygen levels. the release of erythropoietin. an increase in red blood cell production. All of the answers are correct.

all

Which of the following is not one of the formed elements of blood? Which of the following is not one of the formed elements of blood? RBCs basophils platelets antibodies lymphocytes

antibodies

Antihistamines would work best against which type of WBC? Antihistamines would work best against which type of WBC? neutrophil eosinophil monocyte basophil

basophil

Erythropoiesis is stimulated when Erythropoiesis is stimulated when oxygen levels in the blood increase. blood pressure increases. coagulation begins. blood flow to the kidney declines. carbon dioxide levels in the blood decrease.

blood flow to kidneys declines

2b) For what purpose would an atrial puncture be used?

checking efficiency of gas exchange at the lungs

Syneresis refers to the process of __________. clot elimination clot formation clot retraction clot dissolution

clot retraction

How would removal of calcium ions from a blood sample affect coagulation? How would removal of calcium ions from a blood sample affect coagulation? There would be no important effect because magnesium can substitute for calcium. More blood cells would be produced. The coagulation pathway would be more sensitive to activation. Coagulation would be prevented. Coagulation would occur only in Rh positive individuals.

coagulation would be prevented

The common pathway in coagulation ends with __________. The common pathway in coagulation ends with __________. release of PF-3 adhesion of platelets to a damaged vessel wall positive feedback of thrombin formation conversion of soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin

conversion of soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin

Which of the following is NOT a function of blood? restriction of fluid losses through damaged vessels or at other injury sites coordination of body system responses regulation of the pH and electrolyte composition of interstitial fluids throughout the body transportation of dissolved gases, nutrients, hormones, and metabolic wastes

coordination of body system responses

Eosinophils function in Eosinophils function in production of surface antigens for red blood cells. antibody production. destroying antibody-labeled antigens. production of heparin. blood coagulation.

destroying antibody-labeled antigens

Endothelial cells release ________ that stimulate smooth muscle contraction and accelerate the repair process. Endothelial cells release ________ that stimulate smooth muscle contraction and accelerate the repair process. heparins histamines CSFs endothelins platelets

endothelins

It is an illegal practice for Olympic competitors to receive doses of which hormone, which stimulates the production of red blood cells? thyroxine calcitonin renin erythropoietin

erythropoietin

Which of these proteins functions to store or transport iron? Which of these proteins functions to store or transport iron? hemoglobin ferritin transferrin hemosiderin ferritin, hemosiderin, and transferrin

ferritin, hemosiderin, transferrin

What is the plasma protein that functions in blood clotting? transport globulin fibrinogen immunoglobulin albumin

fibrinogen

Which of the following is NOT a function of platelets? formation of a temporary patch in the walls of damaged blood vessels transport of chemicals important to the clotting process formation of a solid clot active contraction after clot formation has occurred

formation of a solid clot

1) The percentage of formed elements in a sample is blood is called....

hematocrit

4e) The presence of intact blood cells in the urine usually caused by kidney damage is called __________.

hematuria

The waste product bilirubin is produced from The waste product bilirubin is produced from globin chains of hemoglobin. heme molecules lacking iron. iron found in hemoglobin molecules. heme molecules plus iron. abnormal proteins found in red blood cells.

heme molecules lacking iron

4a) The binding and transportation of oxygen is the function of _______________.

hemoglobin

4d) The condition of ______________ occurs when an abnormally high number of RBCs are destroyed in the blood stream causing the urine to turn red or brown.

hemoglobinuria

What is the plasma protein that plays an important role in protection against foreign proteins and pathogens? fibrinogen immunoglobulin pepsinogen albumin

immunoglobulin

Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the immunoglobulins. metalloproteins. lipoproteins. fibrinogens. albumins.

immunoglobulins

4f) Bilirubin is an orange-yellow pigment. When the liver is damaged, bilirubin is absorbed by the peripheral tissues causing yellowing of the sclera and skin. This condition is known as ___________.

jaundice

During an infection, the white blood cell count may rise, a condition known as __________. leukocytosis leukopenia lymphopoiesis leukemia

leukocytosis

A triglyceride + globulin complex is termed a(n) __________. A triglyceride + globulin complex is termed a(n) __________. hormone-binding protein metalloprotein apolipoprotein lipoprotein

lipoprotein

3) Which organ synthesizes and releases 90% of plasma proteins?

liver

The blood cells involved in specific immunity are the The blood cells involved in specific immunity are the neutrophils. basophils. monocytes. erythrocytes. lymphocytes.

lymphocytes

Which of the following cells arise from a lymphoid stem cell? Which of the following cells arise from a lymphoid stem cell? megakaryocytes monocytes lymphocytes neutrophils

lymphocytes

Monocytes leave the circulation to become __________. macrophages microphages mast cells mast cells and microphages

macrophages

2a) Which vein, located superior to the olecranon, is commonly used for venipuncture?

median cubital vein

Platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called Platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called normoblasts. lymphoblasts. megakaryocytes. erythroblasts. myeloblasts.

megakaryocytes

Transferrin is an example of which kind of plasma protein? Transferrin is an example of which kind of plasma protein? transport albumin hormone-binding protein metalloprotein steroid-binding protein apolipoprotein

metalloprotein

________ are large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood as fixed and free phagocytic cells. ________ are large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood as fixed and free phagocytic cells. Eosinophils Basophils Monocytes Neutrophils Lymphocytes

monocytes

If bile ducts are blocked, If bile ducts are blocked, more bilirubin appears in the plasma. more hemolysis takes place. bilirubin appears in the saliva. more white blood cells are produced. more red blood cells are produced.

more bilirubin appears in the plasma

Which of the following combinations may result in the hemolytic disease of the newborn? Which of the following combinations may result in the hemolytic disease of the newborn? mother Rh positive, baby Rh negative mother Rh negative, baby Rh positive mother Rh negative, baby Rh negative mother type A+, baby type O+ None of the answers is correct.

mother Rh neg, baby Rh pos

Hemolytic disease of the newborn occurs when an Rh-__________ woman bears the second child of an Rh-__________ man. positive; negative negative; positive positive; positive negative; negative

neg; pos

Which of the white blood cells is also known as a polymorph? basophil lymphocyte neutrophil monocyte

neutrophil

A patient has an infected puncture wound to her foot. Which type of white blood cell would you expect to be elevated in a differential white cell count? A patient has an infected puncture wound to her foot. Which type of white blood cell would you expect to be elevated in a differential white cell count? eosinophils lymphocytes monocytes neutrophils basophils

neutrophils

During a bacterial infection you would expect to see increased numbers of During a bacterial infection you would expect to see increased numbers of thrombocytes. neutrophils. eosinophils. reticulocytes. basophils.

neutrophils

The most numerous WBCs in a differential count of a healthy individual are The most numerous WBCs in a differential count of a healthy individual are basophils. lymphocytes. leukocytes. monocytes. neutrophils.

neutrophils

Non-specific immunity, such as phagocytosis, is a function of which blood cells? Non-specific immunity, such as phagocytosis, is a function of which blood cells? basophils and eosinophils platelets neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes lymphocytes lymphocytes and monocytes

neutrophils, eosinphils, monocytes

Surgical removal of the stomach could cause Surgical removal of the stomach could cause hemophilia. leukocytosis. jaundice. pernicious anemia. thrombocytopenia.

pernicious anemia

Areas in a vessel wall where large quantities of lipid accumulate are called Areas in a vessel wall where large quantities of lipid accumulate are called plaques. thrombi. emboli. clots. occlusions.

plagues

What are the major components of whole blood? albumin and immunoglobulins hormones, enzymes, and organic wastes red and white blood cells plasma and formed elements

plasma and formed elements

The enzyme that can digest fibrin and dissolve a clot is The enzyme that can digest fibrin and dissolve a clot is thrombin. fibrinase. plasmin. heparin. phosphokinase

plasmin

4g) Certain vitamins, such as B12, are needed for erythropoiesis to proceed normally. What factor is needed for the absorption of B12?

presence of intrinsic factor produced in the stomach.

Most of the chemicals involved in the coagulation pathways are Most of the chemicals involved in the coagulation pathways are electrolytes. proteins. vitamins. lipids. carbohydrates.

proteins

People with type O blood are considered "universal donors" for transfusions because __________. People with type O blood are considered "universal donors" for transfusions because __________. they usually have very strong red blood cells their blood lacks A and B agglutinins (antibodies) their red blood cells lack A and B surface antigens their blood is plentiful in A and B agglutinins

red blood cells lack A and B surface antigens

In adults, erythropoiesis occurs in __________. yellow bone marrow red bone marrow the liver None of the listed responses is correct.

red bone marrow

The site of red blood cell production in an adult is the __________. The site of red blood cell production in an adult is the __________. yolk sac liver yellow bone marrow red bone marrow

red bone marrow

The developmental stage at which erythrocytes enter the circulation is as The developmental stage at which erythrocytes enter the circulation is as band forms. reticulocytes. myeloid cells. hemocytoblasts. proerythrocytes.

reticulocytes

Which of the following would you expect to see in increased numbers in a peripheral blood sample after donating a unit of blood? Which of the following would you expect to see in increased numbers in a peripheral blood sample after donating a unit of blood? fibrocytes lymphocytes neutrophils platelets reticulocytes

reticulocytes

Aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by macrophages in the Aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by macrophages in the digestive tract. bone marrow. spleen. liver. spleen, liver, and bone marrow.

spleen, liver, bone marrow

Whole blood for testing in a clinical laboratory is usually collected from Whole blood for testing in a clinical laboratory is usually collected from an arteriole. a capillary. the heart. a superficial vein. a superficial artery.

superficial vein

A bruise appears as a greenish spot in the skin because A bruise appears as a greenish spot in the skin because hemoglobin has leaked from the blood into the injury and hemoglobin has a green color. bilirubin from iron recycling has built-up in the bruise. the heme group in the hemoglobin has broken down into biliverdin. dead white blood cells accumulate at the site of injury. red blood cells are green when they leave circulation.

the heme group in the hemoglobin has broken down into biliverdin

Bleeding along the digestive tract and within the skin is symptomatic of __________. thrombocytopoiesis hemostasis thrombocytosis thrombocytopenia

thrombocytopenia

Which disease state would be characterized by a concentration of up to 1,000,000 platelets/µL in the plasma? hematuria thrombocytosis thrombocytopenia leukemia

thrombocytosis

Which of the following factors does NOT restrict the coagulation process? thromboxane A2 antithrombin III heparin prostacyclin

thromboxane A2

Which of the following is NOT a function of albumin? transporting fatty acids maintaining osmotic pressure transporting thyroid hormones transporting iron

transporting iron

What is the most common blood type among Americans? type B type AB type O type A

type O

Which blood type can be safely transfused into a person with type O blood without a cross-reaction? type B blood given to a person with type A blood type A blood given to a person with type B blood type AB blood given to a person with type A blood type O blood given to a person with type O blood

type O blood given to a person with type O blood

Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood, except a Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood, except a viscosity about the same as water. red color from hemoglobin. temperature of approximately 38 degrees Celsius. built-in system for clotting. pH of 7.4.

viscosity about the same as water

Eileen is a strict vegan and therefore eats no animal products. She develops an anemia that her doctor thinks is caused by a nutritional deficiency. Which of the following is the likeliest candidate? Eileen is a strict vegan and therefore eats no animal products. She develops an anemia that her doctor thinks is caused by a nutritional deficiency. Which of the following is the likeliest candidate? vitamin K deficiency aplastic anemia vitamin B12 deficiency lack of intrinsic factor vitamin B6 deficiency

vitamin B12 deficiency

The most abundant component of plasma is (are) The most abundant component of plasma is (are) gases. water. nutrients. proteins. ions.

water