A&P Chapter 7 Test 2

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Total number of vertebrae=

33

Number of vertebrae fused together that results in the sacrum=

5

Total number of phalanges=

56

Total number of ossicles=

6

Number of tarsals in one extremity=

7

Total number of cranial bones=

8

Standard number of bones in the axial skeleton=

80

What is osseous tissue?

A connective tissue with a hardened matrix that makes up bone

What describes osteoid?

A soft collagenous tissue similar to bone but without minerals

Where is red bone marrow found in the bones of a child?

Almost all bones

Within compact bone, a central canal is found at the center of which structure?

An osteon

The ________ is an example of a sesamoid bone.

Patella

Blood vessels and nerves are found in central canals and ________ canals of osteons.

Perforating

What is the term for the connective tissue sheath around the external surface of a bone?

Periosteum

Where does blood cell production occur?

Red bone marrow

Bones such as the carpals that have the same length and width are classified as _______ bones.

Short

What describes the lacunae of osseous tissue?

Spaces between lamellae that contains osteocytes

Trabeculae and spicules are found in _______ bone.

Spongy

What type of bone tissue is loosely arranged and contains trabeculae?

Spongy

______ bone is always enclosed by more durable compact bone.

Spongy

What is the study of bone called?

Osteology

What is the name for a channel that extends through the center of an osteon?

-Central canal -Haversian canal

Calitriol acts on which organs to raise blood calcium levels?

-Kidneys -Small intestines -Skeleton

Which of the following are functions of osteocytes? -Act as stem cells -Resorb bone -Strain sensors -Deposit bone

-Resorb bone -Strain sensors -Deposit bone

What are the functions of osteocytes?

-Strain sensors -Deposit bone -Resorb bone

What hormones affect bone growth and development?

-Testosterone -Estrogen

Standard number of bones in the appendicular skeleton=

126

Total number of true ribs=

14

Total number of carpals=

16

Total number of metacarpals and metatarsals=

20

Standard number of bones in the adult=

206

What are the spaces between trabeculae in spongy bone filled with?

Bone marrow

In osseous tissue, the narrow channels connecting neighboring lacunae are called _________.

Canaliculi

A(n) ___________ is a former chondroblast that has become enclosed within a lacuna in a cartilage.

Chondrocyte

What lamellae line the outer surface of a long bone diaphysis?

Circumferential

Which osseous tissue is found on the surface of bones and composed of tightly arranged parallel osteons?

Compact

The layers of bony matrix arranged around the central canal of an osteon are called _________ lamellae.

Concentric

The shaft of a long bone is called the ________.

Diaphysis

What is the term for the bone tissue located between the two layers of compact bone in the skull?

Diploe

One function of the skeleton is to store calcium and phosphate to help maintain _________ __________.

Electrolyte balance

What layer of tissue lines the internal surfaces of a bone?

Endosteum

T/F Spongy bone is primarily made up of osteons.

False

T/F The bone cells responsible for the formation of the organic bone matrix are called chondrocytes.

False

Appositional bone growth is a process that

Forms new bone on the surface of older bone

What cartilage has a relatively clear matrix?

Hyaline

The calcium-phosphate salt that mineralizes bone tissue is called ________.

Hydroxyapatite

Partial older osteons can be found between complete newer osteons. These partial osteons are referred to as ___________ lamellae.

Inter-stitial

An increase in the length of a long bone occurs by the process of __________ growth.

Interstitial

What is the hollow space in which an osteocyte resides?

Lacuna

What are the layers of bony matrix in compact bone tissue called?

Lamellae

What embryonic connective tissue gives rise to all connective tissues (including bone)?

Mesenchyme

The protein and carbohydrate portion of bone matrix forms the _____ matter and the hydroxyapatite forms the ______ matter of bone matrix.

Organic; inorganic

The process of bone formation is called ___________.

Ossification

Bone dissolving cells on bone surfaces are called __________.

Osteoclasts

What are mature bone cells found within lacunae of compact bone called?

Osteocytes

Stem cells in developing bone that give rise to osteoblasts are called ________ cells.

Osteogenic

What is the metaphysis of a long bone?

The transitional area between the diaphysis and epiphysis

What is the purpose of the canaliculi in compact bone?

To provide a passageway between the lacunae

A ______ is a very large projection on a bone.

Trochanter

T/F Compact bone comprises mostly of the diaphysis of a long bone.

True

Fatty bone marrow that no longer produces blood cells is called _______ bone marrow.

Yellow


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