A&P Chapter 7 Test 2
Total number of vertebrae=
33
Number of vertebrae fused together that results in the sacrum=
5
Total number of phalanges=
56
Total number of ossicles=
6
Number of tarsals in one extremity=
7
Total number of cranial bones=
8
Standard number of bones in the axial skeleton=
80
What is osseous tissue?
A connective tissue with a hardened matrix that makes up bone
What describes osteoid?
A soft collagenous tissue similar to bone but without minerals
Where is red bone marrow found in the bones of a child?
Almost all bones
Within compact bone, a central canal is found at the center of which structure?
An osteon
The ________ is an example of a sesamoid bone.
Patella
Blood vessels and nerves are found in central canals and ________ canals of osteons.
Perforating
What is the term for the connective tissue sheath around the external surface of a bone?
Periosteum
Where does blood cell production occur?
Red bone marrow
Bones such as the carpals that have the same length and width are classified as _______ bones.
Short
What describes the lacunae of osseous tissue?
Spaces between lamellae that contains osteocytes
Trabeculae and spicules are found in _______ bone.
Spongy
What type of bone tissue is loosely arranged and contains trabeculae?
Spongy
______ bone is always enclosed by more durable compact bone.
Spongy
What is the study of bone called?
Osteology
What is the name for a channel that extends through the center of an osteon?
-Central canal -Haversian canal
Calitriol acts on which organs to raise blood calcium levels?
-Kidneys -Small intestines -Skeleton
Which of the following are functions of osteocytes? -Act as stem cells -Resorb bone -Strain sensors -Deposit bone
-Resorb bone -Strain sensors -Deposit bone
What are the functions of osteocytes?
-Strain sensors -Deposit bone -Resorb bone
What hormones affect bone growth and development?
-Testosterone -Estrogen
Standard number of bones in the appendicular skeleton=
126
Total number of true ribs=
14
Total number of carpals=
16
Total number of metacarpals and metatarsals=
20
Standard number of bones in the adult=
206
What are the spaces between trabeculae in spongy bone filled with?
Bone marrow
In osseous tissue, the narrow channels connecting neighboring lacunae are called _________.
Canaliculi
A(n) ___________ is a former chondroblast that has become enclosed within a lacuna in a cartilage.
Chondrocyte
What lamellae line the outer surface of a long bone diaphysis?
Circumferential
Which osseous tissue is found on the surface of bones and composed of tightly arranged parallel osteons?
Compact
The layers of bony matrix arranged around the central canal of an osteon are called _________ lamellae.
Concentric
The shaft of a long bone is called the ________.
Diaphysis
What is the term for the bone tissue located between the two layers of compact bone in the skull?
Diploe
One function of the skeleton is to store calcium and phosphate to help maintain _________ __________.
Electrolyte balance
What layer of tissue lines the internal surfaces of a bone?
Endosteum
T/F Spongy bone is primarily made up of osteons.
False
T/F The bone cells responsible for the formation of the organic bone matrix are called chondrocytes.
False
Appositional bone growth is a process that
Forms new bone on the surface of older bone
What cartilage has a relatively clear matrix?
Hyaline
The calcium-phosphate salt that mineralizes bone tissue is called ________.
Hydroxyapatite
Partial older osteons can be found between complete newer osteons. These partial osteons are referred to as ___________ lamellae.
Inter-stitial
An increase in the length of a long bone occurs by the process of __________ growth.
Interstitial
What is the hollow space in which an osteocyte resides?
Lacuna
What are the layers of bony matrix in compact bone tissue called?
Lamellae
What embryonic connective tissue gives rise to all connective tissues (including bone)?
Mesenchyme
The protein and carbohydrate portion of bone matrix forms the _____ matter and the hydroxyapatite forms the ______ matter of bone matrix.
Organic; inorganic
The process of bone formation is called ___________.
Ossification
Bone dissolving cells on bone surfaces are called __________.
Osteoclasts
What are mature bone cells found within lacunae of compact bone called?
Osteocytes
Stem cells in developing bone that give rise to osteoblasts are called ________ cells.
Osteogenic
What is the metaphysis of a long bone?
The transitional area between the diaphysis and epiphysis
What is the purpose of the canaliculi in compact bone?
To provide a passageway between the lacunae
A ______ is a very large projection on a bone.
Trochanter
T/F Compact bone comprises mostly of the diaphysis of a long bone.
True
Fatty bone marrow that no longer produces blood cells is called _______ bone marrow.
Yellow
