A&P Chapter 9 Test 2
Which type or types of joints connect the fingers and toes with the metacarpals and metatarsals? a synovial joint a biaxial joint an ellipsoidal joint
All of the listed responses are correct.
Which type(s) of joints connect(s) the fingers and toes with the metacarpals and metatarsals? A synovial joint An ellipsoidal joint A biaxial joint
All of the listed responses are correct.
It seems like we hear about hip fractures occurring often in elderly people. Why are hip fractures likely in this strong joint?
Weight distribution is not aligned along the shaft of the femur.
What is a diarthrosis?
a freely movable joint
If the nucleus pulposus breaks through the outer fibrocartilage ring of the intervertebral disc, this condition is called ____________.
a herniated disc
What is a meniscus?
a pad of fibrocartilage within a synovial joint
A bursa is __________ that decreases friction within a synovial joint.
a sac of synovial fluid
An immovable joint is called __________.
a synarthrosis
What is a suture an example of?
a synarthrosis
A movement away from the longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal plane is __________.
abduction
Movement away from the midline of the body, as viewed in the anatomical position.
abduction
Spreading your toes apart is __________.
abduction
What is the term for the movement away from the longitudinal axis of the body?
abduction
Which of the following describes movement away from the longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal plane?
abduction
In a shoulder separation, the __________.
acromioclavicular joint undergoes partial or complete separation
If you run your fingers along the superior surface of the shoulder joint, you will feel a process called the __________.
acromion
If you run your fingers along the superior surface of the shoulder joint, you will feel the process called the __________.
acromion
Movement toward the axis or midline of the body, as viewed in the anatomical position.
adduction
Even though the specific cause may vary, arthritis always involves damage to the __________.
articular cartilages
Even though the specific cause varies, arthritis always involves damage to the __________.
articular cartilages
A joint.
articulation
The popliteal ligaments extend between the femur and the heads of the tibia and fibula, reinforcing the __________.
back of the knee joint
What type of joint is the shoulder joint?
ball-and-socket
Which type of synovial joint is the most freely movable and performs all combinations of angular and rotational movements?
ball-and-socket
The shoulder and hip joints are examples of __________.
ball-and-socket joints
Which of the following describes an articulation that allows movement along two axes?
biaxial
Match the joint with the characteristic motion ellipsoidal
biaxial joint
Match the joint to their classification synostosis
bony fusion
When the nucleus pulposus is compressed by the adjacent vertebrae, causing distortion of the anulus fibrosus into the spinal canal, the result is a __________.
bulging disc
A fluid-filled pocket containing synovial fluid found in joints to protect where a tendon or ligament rubs against a bone is a __________.
bursa
A fluid-filled pocket containing synovial fluid that is found in joints and protects where a tendon or ligament rubs against a bone is a __________.
bursa
A small sac filled with synovial fluid that cushions adjacent structures and reduces friction.
bursa
Which of the following are small pockets filled with synovial fluid that are found where a tendon or ligament rubs against other tissues?
bursae
Match the joint to their classification symphysis
cartilaginous amphiarthrosis
Match the joint to their classification synchondrosis
cartilaginous synarthrosis
A movement at a synovial joint in which the distal end of the bone moves in a circular direction, but the shaft does not rotate.
circumduction
A characteristic decrease in height with advanced age may result from __________.
decreased water content of the nucleus pulposus in an intervertebral disc
Flexion is defined as movement that __________.
decreases the angle between articulating elements
Inferior (downward) movement of a body part.
depression
A synovial joint.
diarthrosis
Which of the following organ systems is responsible for providing calcium and phosphate minerals required for bone growth?
digestive system
What is the term for the condition that results when articulating bone surfaces are subjected to severe stress and are forced out of normal condition?
dislocation
Which of the following joints is correctly matched with its joint type?
distal tibia and fibula articulation: cartilaginous
Upward movement of the foot through flexion at the ankle.
dorsiflexion
Movement in a superior, or upward, direction.
elevation
What two movements are carried out when you open and close your mouth?
elevation and depression
The metacarpal and metatarsal bones articulate with the fingers and the toes, respectively. This creates what type of synovial joint?
ellipsoid
Which of the following is an example of a synchondrosis?
epiphyseal plate
A turning outward.
eversion
An increase in the angle between two articulating bones; the opposite of flexion.
extension
Match the term with the correct definition hyperextension
extension past anatomical position
Structures that are associated with a synovial joint but are commonly superficial to the joint capsule and that help protect the articular cartilage are ____________.
fat pads
The type of tissue that comprises the outer ring of the intervertebral disc is _______.
fibrocartilage
Match the joint to their classification syndesmosis
fibrous amphiarthrosis
Match the joint to their classification gomphosis
fibrous synarthrosis
Which of the following ligaments does NOT connect the tibia and the femur? Posterior cruciate ligament Fibular collateral ligament Tibial collateral ligament Anterior cruciate ligament
fibular collateral ligament
A movement that decreases the angle between two articulating bones; the opposite of extension.
flexion
Which of the following describes movement that reduces the angle between two articulating bones?
flexion
The hip and shoulder are multiaxial joints that permit what types of movement?
flexion and extension, adduction and abduction, circumduction, and rotation
Movements of the vertebral column are limited to __________.
flexion and extension, lateral flexion, and rotation
The type of joint that involves flat or slightly curved joint surfaces and that allows slight nonaxial movement is a ________ joint.
gliding
The type of joint that allows flexion, lateral flexion, and rotation of the vertebral column is a ____________.
gliding joint
Intervertebral articulations are __________.
gliding joints that permit small movements
The fibrous joint that holds a tooth in the bony socket of the jawbone is a ____________.
gomphosis
The type of synarthrosis that binds each tooth to the surrounding bony socket is a __________.
gomphosis
When the nucleus pulposus breaks through the annulus and enters the vertebral canal, the result is a(n) __________.
herniated disc
What type of joint is the elbow?
hinge
Which joint includes structures such as the acetabulum, ligamentum teres, and iliofemoral ligament?
hip
Extension of a body part past the anatomical position.
hyperextension
The movement that allows you to gaze at the ceiling is __________.
hyperextension
You are standing in the anatomical position. You extend one leg behind you. What is that motion called?
hyperextension
Match the term with the correct definition extension
increasing the angle between articulating elements
Match the term with the correct definition adduction
moving toward the longitudinal axis of the body, restoring anatomical position
Match the joint with the characteristic motion gliding
nonaxial joint
The gelatinous central region of an intervertebral disc.
nucleus pulposus
The soft, gelatinous core of the intervertebral disc is called the __________.
nucleus pulposus
The term for a partial dislocation of the radial head from the annular ligament is called __________.
nursemaid's elbow
What is the special movement of the thumb that enables it to grasp and hold an object?
opposition
Match the following accessory structure of this joint with their functions meniscus
pad of fibrocartilage that may channel the flow of synovial fluid
Referring to the sole of the foot; muscles; plantar reflex.
plantar
Ankle extension; toe pointing.
plantar flexion
The movement illustrated by a ballerina pointing her toes is __________.
plantar flexion
The movement in which the palm is moved to face posteriorly is _______.
pronation
The opposing movement of supination is __________.
pronation
The rotation of the forearm that makes the palm face posteriorly.
pronation
Match the following accessory structure of this joint with their functions fat pad
protects articular cartilage and acts as packing material for the joint
Movement anteriorly in the horizontal plane.
protraction
You can make a scary face by grabbing your bottom lip with your top teeth. When you do this, your mandible moves in an anterior direction. This is an example of __________.
protraction
You can make a scary face by grabbing your upper lip with your bottom teeth. When you do this, your mandible moves in an anterior direction. This is an example of __________.
protraction
The amphiarthrotic articulation that allows limited movement between the two pubic bones is the __________.
pubic symphysis
The amphiarthrotic articulation that limits movements between the two pubic bones is the __________.
pubic symphysis
Match the following accessory structure of this joint with their functions bursae
reduce friction and act as shock absorbers
Match the term with the correct definition flexion
reducing the angle between articulating elements
Movement posteriorly in the horizontal plane.
retraction
A general term used to describe pain in muscles, tendons, bones, or joints.
rheumatism
Pain and stiffness affecting the skeletal and/or muscular system may be caused by __________.
rheumatism
Pain and stiffness affecting the skeletal system and/or muscular system may be caused by __________.
rheumatism
Which of the following is an autoimmune disease affecting the joints?
rheumatoid arthritis
A pivot joint permits __________.
rotation only
The carpometacarpal joint at the base of the thumb is an example of a __________.
saddle joint
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of synovial joints? articular cartilages short fibers connecting two bones a fluid-filled joint cavity accessory structures such as bursae and fat pads
short fibers connecting two bones
With what joint is the term rotator cuff associated?
shoulder
Which joint permits the greatest range of motion of any joint in the body?
shoulder joint
When a ligament is stretched to the point at which some of the collagen fibers are torn, the resulting injury is called a __________.
sprain
When a ligament is stretched to the point that some of the collagen fibers are torn, the resulting injury is called a __________.
sprain
The rotation of the forearm such that the palm faces anteriorly.
supination
Match the following accessory structure of this joint with their functions intracapsular ligaments
support the wall of the joint from inside the capsule
What is the term for an immovable joint that holds together the flat bones of the skull?
suture
A fibrous amphiarthrosis, such as that between adjacent vertebrae or between the pubic bones of the coxal bones.
symphysis
Joints, or articulations, are classified on the basis of their degree of movement. From the following selections, choose the list that identifies the joints in this order: no movement, slightly movable, freely movable.
synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis
A fibrous joint that is slightly movable is called a ____________.
syndesmosis
A fluid-filled chamber in a synovial joint.
synovial cavity
The substance secreted by synovial membranes that lubricates joints.
synovial fluid
A freely movable joint where the opposing bone surfaces are separated by synovial fluid; a diarthrosis.
synovial joint
Which type of joint is freely movable?
synovial joint
The distal end of the tibia articulates with the __________ to form a synovial __________ joint.
talus; hinge
The structures that pass across or around a joint, limiting range of motion and providing support, are __________.
tendons
In a shoulder separation, __________.
the acromioclavicular joint undergoes partial or complete separation
In the hip joint, the arrangement that keeps the head of the femur from moving away from the acetabulum is __________.
the articular capsule enclosing the femoral head and neck
Match the joint with the characteristic motion ball-and-socket
triaxial joint
Your hand is pronated when __________.
your palm faces backward
Why is the elbow joint quite stable? The bony surfaces of the humerus and ulna interlock. The capsule is reinforced by stout ligaments. The articular capsule is very thick.
All of the listed responses are correct.
Which of the following statements about the elbow and knee is true?
Both the elbow and knee are hinge joints.
Which of the following are small pockets filled with synovial fluid and are found where a tendon or ligament rubs against other tissues?
Bursae
You are hiking in the mountains and the trail goes around the side of the mountain. The trail slopes outwards such that your feet are tilted and one foot is below the other. What are the movements to position your feet that let you walk on the tilted trail?
Inversion and eversion
Which of the following is NOT a function of synovial fluid? Lubrication Shock absorption Joining the bones together Nutrient supply
Joining the bones together
Fibrocartilage pads are important in stabilizing which joint?
Knee
What is the term for the pad of fibrocartilage found between opposing bones in some synovial joints?
Meniscus
What is responsible for the dynamic nature of the skeleton and its continual remodeling?
Osteoblast and osteoclast activity
What are the two types of joints that allow rotation?
Pivot joints and ball-and-socket joints
If you are standing on your tiptoes to reach something on the upper shelf, what movement are you doing with your feet?
Plantar flexion
What structure is NOT part of a synovial joint but may still support it? Fat pads Fibrous capsule Ligaments Tendons
Tendons
Which ligaments connect the bodies of the vertebrae together?
The anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments
Which of the following joints is NOT classified as a synovial hinge joint?
The atlantoaxial articulation
In a ball and socket shoulder joint, what structure is the ball and what is the socket?
The ball is the head of the humerus and the socket is the glenoid cavity.
Which of the following statements about the knee is FALSE? The knee is a biaxial hinge joint. The cruciate ligaments are intracapsular ligaments that stabilize the femur. The bones that articulate with the knee joint are the femur, tibia, and fibula.
The bones that articulate with the knee joint are the femur, tibia, and fibula.
The elbow joint is much more stable than the shoulder joint. Which of the following is NOT a cause for the stability in the elbow joint?
The elbow has a cuff of muscular tendons stabilizing the joint.
What is the unique compromise of the articulations in the appendicular skeleton?
The stronger the joint, the more restricted the range of motion.
Why are the elbow and knee called hinge joints?
They permit angular movement in a single plane.
All the sutures of the skull are synarthrotic joints.
True
The only saddle joint in the human body is in the thumb.
True
What mechanism allows standing for prolonged periods without continually contracting the extensor muscles?
A slight lateral rotation of the tibia tightens the anterior cruciate ligament and joins the meniscus between the tibia and femur.
What is the function or functions of synovial fluid that fills the joint cavity? It acts as a shock absorber. It nourishes the chondrocytes. It provides lubrication.
All of the listed responses are correct.
Which part or parts of the vertebral column do NOT contain intervertebral discs? sacrum coccyx first and second cervical vertebrae
All of the listed responses are correct.
You have been called to the whiteboard in geometry class, and told to draw a circle, 1 foot in diameter, on the board. What movement would you be doing with your arm to draw the circle?
Circumduction
Which of the following organ systems is responsible for providing the minerals, calcium, and phosphate required for bone growth?
Digestive system
What is the term for the condition that results when articulating bone surfaces are subjected to severe stress and are forced out of their normal positions?
Dislocation
When you are doing pushups and you start in the prone position, what movement of the elbow joint is performed to raise your body up?
Extension
Rotation and circumduction describe the same motion.
False
The only joint in the human body that allows for complete, 360-degree rotational movement is the articulation between C1 and C2.
False
The pubic symphysis and the articulations between vertebral bodies are examples of two synovial joints.
False
What is the structural classification of the joints that form when the bones of the cranium grow and articulate as a structure in an infant?
Fibrous joints
There are structures that prevent excessive movement and stabilize the joint. Which structure does NOT help stabilize a synovial joint?
Synovial fluid
Joints, or articulations, are classified on the basis of their degrees of movement. From the following selections, choose the group of terms that identifies the joints in this order: no movement, slightly movable, freely movable.
Synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis
Which joint results from the fusion of two bones?
Synostosis
A freely movable diarthrotic joint is always what type of structural joint?
Synovial
Match the following accessory structure of this joint with their functions tendons
although not part of the articulation, pass around the capsule and limit the range of motion
A joint (articulation) that permits a small degree of independent movement; see interosseous membrane and pubic symphysis.
amphiarthrosis
What is the term for a slightly movable joint?
amphiarthrosis
A slightly movable joint is called __________.
an amphiarthrosis
A symphysis is an example of __________.
an amphiarthrosis
A syndesmosis is an example of __________.
an amphiarthrosis
The joint between the atlas and the occipital bone is an example of __________ joint.
an ellipsoid
What is the tough outer layer of fibrocartilage found in the intervertebral discs?
annulus fibrosus
A cartilage or bone shaped like a ring; also spelled annulus.
anulus
What is the term for rheumatic diseases that affect the synovial joints?
arthritis
Bones that participate in a synovial joint have ________ cartilage at the end of each bone.
articular
The dense collagen fiber sleeve that surrounds a joint and provides protection and stabilization; also called joint capsule.
articular capsule
The cartilage pad that covers the surface of a bone inside a joint cavity.
articular cartilage
The joint surfaces of the bones of a synovial joint are covered with _______________.
articular cartilage
Match the following accessory structure of this joint with their functions extracapsular ligaments
interconnects articulating bones and passes outside capsule
A fibrocartilage pad between the bodies of successive vertebrae that absorbs shocks.
intervertebral disc
The annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus are structures that are associated with __________.
intervertebral discs
Vertebrae are separated by pads of fibrocartilage called __________.
intervertebral discs
A turning inward.
inversion
A twisting motion that turns the sole of the foot inward is __________.
inversion
Abduction and adduction are movements that _________.
involve only the appendicular skeleton
An area where adjacent bones interact; also called articulation.
joint
Fibrocartilage pads are important is stabilizing which joint?
knee
Which joint includes the patella?
knee
A lip or rim.
labrum
A dense band of connective tissue fibers that attaches one bone to another.
ligament
The correct term to identify a dislocated joint is __________.
luxation
A fibrocartilage pad between opposing surfaces in a joint.
meniscus
What is the term for a pad of fibrocartilage found between opposing bones in some synovial joints?
meniscus
If an articulation permits only angular movement in the forward/backward plane, or prevents any movement other than rotation around its longitudinal axis, it is __________.
monaxial
Match the joint with the characteristic motion hinge
monoaxial joint
Match the term with the correct definition abduction
movement away from the longitudinal axis of the body
Match the term with the correct definition circumduction
movement in a loop
The ligamentum flavum is a ligament that connects __________.
the laminae of adjacent vertebrae
A complete dislocation of the knee is extremely unlikely because of __________.
the seven major ligaments that stabilize the knee joint
Which of the following joints permits the greatest range of motion in the body?
the shoulder
