a&p exam 3
fracture hematoma
blood clot that forms at the site of a broken bone
hematopoiesis
production of blood cells, which occurs in the red marrow of the bones
open reduction
surgical exposure of a bone to reset a fracture
diaphysis
tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of a long bone
epiphyseal line
completely ossified remnant of the epiphyseal plate
hypocalcemia
condition characterized by abnormally low levels of calcium
long bone
cylinder-shaped bone that is longer than it is wide; functions as a lever
kyanos
dark blue
endosteum
delicate membranous lining of a bone's medullary cavity
compact bone
dense osseous tissue that can withstand compressive forces
osteocyte
primary cell in mature bone; responsible for maintaining the matrix
fracture
broken bone
osteoblast
cell responsible for forming new bone
osteoclast
cell responsible for resorbing bone
lucidus
clear
osteoid
uncalcified bone matrix secreted by osteoblasts
hypo
under
hemato
(G) blood
osteo
(G) bone
keratos
(G) horn
derm
(G) skin
ossis
(L) bone
pilus
(L) hair
cornu
(L) horn
articulus
(L) joint
cutis
(L) skin
albino
(L) white
osteon
(also, Haversian system) basic structural unit of compact bone; made of concentric layers of calcified matrix
perforating canal
(also, Volkmann's canal) channel that branches off from the central canal and houses vessels and nerves that extend to the periosteum and endosteum
spongy bone
(also, cancellous bone) trabeculated osseous tissue that supports shifts in weight distribution
epiphyseal plate
(also, growth plate) sheet of hyaline cartilage in the metaphysis of an immature bone; replaced by bone tissue as the organ grows in length
ossification
(also, osteogenesis) bone formation
dermal papilla
(plural = dermal papillae) extension of the papillary layer of the dermis that increases surface contact between the epidermis and dermis
canaliculi
(singular = canaliculus) channels within the bone matrix that house one of an osteocyte's many cytoplasmic extensions that it uses to communicate and receive nutrients
lacunae
(singular = lacuna) spaces in a bone that house an osteocyte
trabeculae
(singular = trabecula) spikes or sections of the lattice-like matrix in spongy bone
epi
above
dia
across
anagen
active phase of the hair growth cycle
progenitor
ancestor
peri
around
apo
away
cortex
bark of tree
inter
between
desmo
bind
melas
black
some
body
projection
bone markings where part of the surface sticks out above the rest of the surface, where tendons and ligaments attach
irregular bone
bone of complex shape; protects internal organs from compressive forces
osseous tissue
bone tissue; a hard, dense connective tissue that forms the structural elements of the skeleton
clast
breaker
basal cell carcinoma
cancer that originates from basal cells in the epidermis of the skin
ferre
carry
chondro
cartilage
cyte
cell
ossification center
cluster of osteoblasts found in the early stages of intramembranous ossification
external callus
collar of hyaline cartilage and bone that forms around the outside of a fracture
hypercalcemia
condition characterized by abnormally high levels of calcium
yellow marrow
connective tissue in the interior cavity of a bone where fat is stored
red marrow
connective tissue in the interior cavity of a bone where hematopoiesis takes place
genesis
create
short bone
cube-shaped bone that is approximately equal in length, width, and thickness; provides limited motion
osteoporosis
disease characterized by a decrease in bone mass; occurs when the rate of bone resorption exceeds the rate of bone formation, a common occurrence as the body ages
orthopedist
doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating musculoskeletal disorders and injuries
trophy
feeding
internal callus
fibrocartilaginous matrix, in the endosteal region, between the two ends of a broken bone
periosteum
fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of bone and continuous with ligaments
keroumenous
formed of wax
albinism
genetic disorder that affects the skin, in which there is no melanin production
physis
growth
callus
hard skin
bone
hard, dense connective tissue that forms the structural elements of the skeleton
foramen
hole
lacuna
hole
medullary cavity
hollow region of the diaphysis; filled with yellow marrow
cuticle
in hair, the outermost layer of keratinocytes originating from the hair matrix, as seen in a cross-section of the hair bulb
cortex
in hair, the second or middle layer of keratinocytes originating from the hair matrix, as seen in a cross-section of the hair bulb
endo
inside
stratum
layer
dermis
layer of skin between the epidermis and hypodermis, composed mainly of connective tissue and containing blood vessels, hair follicles, sweat glands, and other structures
diploe
layer of spongy bone, that is sandwiched between two the layers of compact bone found in flat bones
trabecula
little beam
lunula
little moon
cuticle
little skin
central canal
longitudinal channel in the center of each osteon; contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels; also known as the Haversian canal
blast
maker
closed reduction
manual manipulation of a broken bone to set it into its natural position without surgery
medulla
marrow
perichondrium
membrane that covers cartilage
onychion
nail
reticular
net like
papilla
nipple
epi
on top
hole
opening or depression in a bone
skeletal system
organ system composed of bones and cartilage that provides for movement, support, and protection
ec
out
hyper
over
intramembranous ossification
process by which bone forms directly from mesenchymal tissue
remodeling
process by which osteoclasts resorb old or damaged bone at the same time as and on the same surface where osteoblasts form new bone to replace that which is resorbed
prolifere
producing offspring
endochondral ossification
process in which bone forms by replacing hyaline cartilage
modeling
process, during bone growth, by which bone is resorbed on one surface of a bone and deposited on another
erythro
red
secondary ossification center
region of bone development in the epiphyses
zone of calcified matrix
region of the epiphyseal plate closest to the diaphyseal end; functions to connect the epiphyseal plate to the diaphysis
reserve zone
region of the epiphyseal plate that anchors the plate to the osseous tissue of the epiphysis
proliferative zone
region of the epiphyseal plate that makes new chondrocytes to replace those that die at the diaphyseal end of the plate and contributes to longitudinal growth of the epiphyseal plate
zone of maturation and hypertrophy
region of the epiphyseal plate where chondrocytes from the proliferative zone grow and mature and contribute to the longitudinal growth of the epiphyseal plate
primary ossification center
region, deep in the periosteal collar, where bone development starts during endochondral ossification
crine
secrete
cartilage
semi-rigid connective tissue found on the skeleton in areas where flexibility and smooth surfaces support movement
cutus
skin
acne
skin condition due to infected sebaceous glands
nutrient foramen
small opening in the middle of the external surface of the diaphysis, through which an artery enters the bone to provide nourishment
sesamoid bone
small, round bone embedded in a tendon; protects the tendon from compressive forces
arrector pili
smooth muscle that is activated in response to external stimuli that pull on hair follicles and make the hair "stand up"
malakia
softness
bedsore
sore on the skin that develops when regions of the body start necrotizing due to constant pressure and lack of blood supply; also called decubitis ulcers
desmosome
structure that forms an impermeable junction between cells
sebum
suet, grease
callus
thickened area of skin that arises due to constant abrasion
flat bone
thin and curved bone; serves as a point of attachment for muscles and protects internal organs
articular cartilage
thin layer of cartilage covering an epiphysis; reduces friction and acts as a shock absorber
lamella
thin plate
poiesis
to make
catagen
transitional phase marking the end of the anagen phase of the hair growth cycle
corn
type of callus that is named for its shape and the elliptical motion of the abrasive force
basal cell
type of stem cell found in the stratum basale and in the hair matrix that continually undergoes cell division, producing the keratinocytes of the epidermis
apocrine sweat gland
type of sweat gland that is associated with hair follicles in the armpits and genital regions
osteogenic cell
undifferentiated cell with high mitotic activity; the only bone cells that divide; they differentiate and develop into osteoblasts
articulation
where two bone surfaces meet
epiphysis
wide section at each end of a long bone; filled with spongy bone and red marrow
con
with
intra
within
