A&P FINAL 9-11

oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone

The hypothalamus makes two hormones, __________ and __________, that are stored by the posterior pituitary.

Erythropoiesis

production of red blood cells

Anemia

A decrease in the oxygen-carrying ability of the blood, for any reason, is a condition known as _______.

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

A hormone produced by the heart, known as ____________, prevents the release of aldosterone in order to reduce blood volume and blood pressure.

Valves

Large veins have ________ to prevent the back-flow of blood.

Aorta

Largest artery in the body?

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Which hormone causes the kidneys to reabsorb more water from forming urine and as a result, increases blood volume?

renal artery

Which of the following areas is NOT a pressure point? -Renal artery -Radial artery -Facial artery -Dorsalis pedis artery -Posterior tibial artery

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Which of the following is NOT a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary? -Prolactin (PRL) -Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) -Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH) -Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) -Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Goiter

Without iodine in the diet, what thyroid gland disorder may result?

Vasopressin

antidiuretic hormone

4,000 to 11,000 per microliter of blood

normal white blood cell count

Thyroid Hormone (TH)

the body's major metabolic hormone, which is actually two iodine-containing hormones, is called ____________.

pulmonary

Arteries are normally depicted as red while veins are colored blue due to the oxygenation of the blood being transported by each type of vessel. The exceptions to this rule are the ________ arteries and veins.

insulin and glucagon

Beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce a hormone known as ____________ while the alpha cells produce a hormone known as ___________.

Aorta

Blood leaves the left ventricle through an artery known as the _________.

Gluticocorticoids

Cortisone and cortisol are types of ________ produced by the middle cortical layer of the adrenal gland.

ventricles

During atrial diastole, blood flows from the atria to the _______.

Humoral

Hormones of the hypothalamus stimulate the anterior pituitary gland to secrete its hormones. How would you classify this type of endocrine gland stimulation?

Androgens (testosterone)

Male sex hormones produced by the adrenal cortex are called _________.

coronary arteries

Oxygenated blood nourishing the myocardium comes from vessels that branch off the aorta called __________.

humoral stimulus

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is secreted by the parathyroid glands in response to low blood concentration of calcium ions. This mechanism operates by a _____________.

Epinephrine

The "fight-or-flight" response triggers the release of _________.

coronary sinus

The coronary veins empty blood from the myocardium into a large vein on the posterior side of the heart known as the ________.

atrioventricular

The first heart sound, "lub", is caused by the closure of the _________ valves.

Mediastinum

The heart is situated within the medial section of the thoracic cavity known as the ________.

closure of the heart valves

The heart sounds "lub" and "dub" result from _______.

Neutrophils

The most numerous of white blood cells are the _________.

Hematocrit

The percentage of erythrocytes in blood is known as the __________.

Hemostasis

The process by which bleeding is stopped is called _______.

right atrium

The sinoatrial (SA) node is located in the _______.

pulmonary

The transportation of blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart is known as _________ circulation.

granulocytes and agranulocytes

The two major groups of white blood cells are __________.

atria; ventricles

The two superior receiving chambers of the heart are known as the _________, while the two inferior discharging chambers of the heart are known as the ________.

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

What cells are classified as granulocytes?

diabetes insipidus

What disorder results from the hypo-secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

adrenal medulla

What gland releases catecholamines?

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

What hormone is released by the adrenal medulla?

calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH)

What hormone regulates calcium levels in the body?

Hemaglobin

What is necessary for the transport of oxygen by an erythrocyte?

sinoatrial (SA) node

What is often called the pacemaker of the heart?

Coagulation

What is the final step of hemostasis in which the formation of a blood clot is accomplished?

Myocardium

What is the muscular layer of the heart wall?

vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation

What is the proper sequence of hemostasis?

thyroid

What is the target organ of thyrotropic hormone (TH), or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?

fibrin

What long, hairlike molecules form the basis of a clot during coagulation?

prolactin (PRL) and oxytocin

What two hormones play a role in promoting the milk reflex and in stimulating and maintaining breast milk production in a nursing mother's breasts?

aortic semilunar valve

What valve is closed during heart relaxation to prevent blood from back-flowing from the aorta into the heart?

tricuspid valve

What valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle?

pulmonary veins

What vessels return oxygenated blood to the left atrium of the heart?

Agglutination

When antibodies bind to antigens on foreign blood types, clumping or _________ occurs.

pituitary gland

Which endocrine gland is most closely associated with the hypothalamus?

Melatonin

Which hormone appears to play an important role in establishing the body's sleep-awake cycle?