A&P Final Questions- Autonomic Nervous System
Activity of the gastrointestinal tract is promoted by __________. A) the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system B) the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system C) the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system D) the pituitary gland
A
During parasympathetic activation, which of the following actions would be dampened? A) The respiratory rate B) The flow of blood to the small intestine C) The flow of blood to the liver D) Secretion of hormones and enzymes by the pancreas
A
Innervation by some ganglionic neurons of the autonomic nervous system mediates an increase in heart rate. The soma of these neurons is located in __________. A) the cervical ganglia of the sympathetic chain B) a peripheral parasympathetic ganglia adjacent to the heart C) a celiac collateral ganglion D) the adrenal medulla
A
Most ganglionic neurons in the sympathetic nervous system use _______ as their neurotransmitter. A) Norepinephrine B) Acetylcholine C) Dopamine D) Serotonin
A
Postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous system originate ________. A) from ganglia in the proximity of their target organs or from intramural ganglia B) from the spinal cord C) mostly from the sympathetic chain of ganglia D) both from the sympathetic chain of ganglia and from collateral ganglia
A
Preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic division exit the spinal cord _______. A) from thoracic (T1) to lumbar (L2) segments B) from cranial and lumbar (L2) segments C) from cranial nerves and sacral segment (S2-S4) D) from lumbar (L2) to sacral (S4) segments
A
The mesenteric ganglia connect with the spinal cord via ________. A) a splanchnic nerve B) a pelvic nerve C) ganglionic neurons D) cranial nerves
A
The splanchnic nerves supply all of the following except the _______. A) lungs B) liver C) pancreas D) small intestine
A
The superior cervical ganglions send sympathetic branches to all of the following except the _____. A) gastrocnemius muscle B) heart C) salivary glands D) eyes
A
Activity of organs within the thoracic cavity is promoted by __________. A) the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system B) the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system C) the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system D) the pituitary gland
B
How many ganglionic neurons does the sympathetic division of the ANS require in order to deliver an action potential to the eye? A) 1 neuron B) 2 neurons C) 3 neurons D) A variable number of neurons
B
How many neurons does the parasympathetic division of the ANS require in order to deliver an action potential to the liver? A) 1 neuron B) 2 neurons C) 3 neurons D) A variable number of neurons
B
How many neurons does the sympathetic division of the ANS require in order to conduct an action potential to the lungs? A) 1 neuron. B) 2 neurons. C) 3 neurons. D) 4 neurons.
B
Intramural ganglia of the parasympathetic division of the ANS are located _________. A) on the surface of their target organs B) within the walls of their target organs C) far away from their target organs D) in close proximity to their target organs
B
Most ganglionic neurons in the parasympathetic nervous system use _______ as their neurotransmitter. A) Norepinephrine B) Acetylcholine C) Dopamine D) Serotonin
B
Most preganglionic neurons in the parasympathetic nervous system use _______ as their neurotransmitter. A) Norepinephrine B) Acetylcholine C) Dopamine D) Serotonin
B
Most preganglionic neurons in the sympathetic nervous system use _______ as their neurotransmitter. A) Norepinephrine B) Acetylcholine C) Dopamine D) Serotonin
B
Preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous system originate ________. A) from ganglia in the proximity to their target organs or from intramural ganglia B) from the spinal cord C) mostly from the sympathetic chain of ganglia D) both from the sympathetic chain of ganglia and from collateral ganglia
B
Preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic nervous system originate ________. A) from intramural ganglia B) from the spinal cord C) mostly from the sympathetic chain of ganglia D) both from the sympathetic chain of ganglia and from collateral ganglia
B
The somas of preganglionic neurons of the ANS are located in ________. A) the spinal cord B) the spinal cord and medulla oblongata C) the hypothalamus D) autonomic ganglia
B
Which of the following effects is NOT induced by the parasympathetic division of the ANS? A) An increase in smooth muscle activity along the digestive tract. B) Increased alertness. C) Secretion of hormones that promote the absorption and utilization of nutrients by peripheral cells. D) Constriction of the respiratory passageways.
B
Beta-blockers act ___________. A) on the entire sympathetic division of the ANS B) on every target tissue containing receptors for epinephrine or norepinephrine C) on every target tissue containing beta-receptors for epinephrine D) on the parasympathetic division of the ANS
C
During sympathetic activation, which of the following actions would be dampened? A) The respiratory rate B) The flow of blood to cardiac muscle C) The digestion of food D) Intellectual activity of the cerebral cortex
C
Preganglionic fibers innervating the adrenal medullae synapse at the_____________. A) celiac ganglion B) autonomic ganglia C) adrenal medullae D) collateral ganglion
C
Preganglionic fibers of the ANS controlling the salivary glands will originate at the _______. A) brain stem. B) spinal cord (S2-S4). C) brain stem and spinal cord (T1). D) autonomic plexuses
C
Preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic division exit the spinal cord _______. A) from thoracic (T1) to lumbar (L2) segments B) from cranial and lumbar (L2) segments C) from cranial nerves and sacral segment (S2-S4) D) from lumbar (L2) to sacral (S4) segments
C
Splanchnic nerves connect __________. A) the celiac ganglion with its target organs B) the superior and inferior mesenteric ganglia with their target organs C) the spinal cord with all collateral ganglia D) the celiac ganglion with intramural ganglia located within target organs
C
Sympathetic postganglionic fibers innervating the lungs exit the_______ through _______. A) autonomic ganglia of the sympathetic chain / the gray ramus B) sympathetic ganglia / the white ramus C) autonomic ganglia of the sympathetic chain / sympathetic nerves D) spinal cord / the dorsal root
C
When applied to visceral control, dual innervation means that _________. A) an organ is supplied by both the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system B) an organ is supplied by both the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system C) both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system supply an organ D) an organ is supplied by both spinal and cranial nerves
C
β-blockers act by ________. A) preventing the action of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system B) preventing activation of receptors by norepinephrine C) preventing the activation of epinephrine receptors in target organs D) blocking all forms of sympathetic activation
C
Collateral ganglia include ___________. A) splanchnic and parasympathetic ganglia B) adrenal and mesenteric ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system C) the sympathetic chain ganglia D) celiac ganglia and superior and inferior mesenteric ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system
D
Epinephrine produced at the adrenal medulla may activate __________. A) Alpha-receptors B) Beta- receptors C) Cholinergic receptors D) Both alpha-receptors and beta-receptors
D
Postganglionic fibers of the sympathetic nervous system originate ________. A) from intramural ganglia B) from the spinal cord C) mostly from the sympathetic chain of ganglia D) both from the sympathetic chain of ganglia and from collateral ganglia
D
The adrenal medulla ________. A) contains ganglionic neurons that innervate organs of the abdominopelvic cavity B) produces primarily noradrenaline. C) contains neuroendocrine cells that secrete primarily norepinephrine. D) is innervated by fibers that pass through the celiac ganglion
D
The preganglionic fibers of the ANS controlling the eyes originate at the __________. A) brain stem. B) spinal cord (S2-S4). C) autonomic plexuses D) brain stem and spinal cord (T1).
D
The somas of ganglionic neurons of the ANS are located in ________. A) the gray matter of the spinal cord B) the spinal cord and medulla oblongata C) the hypothalamus D) peripheral ganglia
D
What could be the effect of a spinal cord injury at T1 on visceral activity? A) Visceral activity is controlled by the ANS, which works in an autonomous way, so no consequences would follow. B) Both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system have preganglionic neurons in the spinal cord, so visceral activity will cease and the patient would require life support. C) Due to the disruption of the parasympathetic division of the ANS, visceral activity would decrease, resulting in a potentially life-threatening condition. D) The autonomic nuclei in the brain stem would lose control of the sympathetic division of the ASN, but the parasympathetic division would be relatively unaffected. The resulting imbalance in visceral control may induce a significant perturbation on visceral activity.
D
What neurotransmitter is usually released at the sympathetic varicosities? A) Epinephrine. B) Acetylcholine. C) Adrenaline. D) Norepinephrine
D
