A&P II: Ch. 18 Discussion & Quiz

*Platelets:* A. are also known as thrombocytes. B. are actually fragments of cells. C. play a role in preventing blood loss. D. can become sticky when exposed to connective tissue E. All of these choices are correct.

-are also known as thrombocytes. -are actually fragments of cells. -play a role in preventing blood loss. -can become sticky when exposed to connective tissue *All of these choices are correct.*

*Healing after clot formation involves* A. clot retraction B. repair of the damaged blood vessel by connective tissue cells C. clot dissolution D. serum being squeezed out of the clot E. All of these choices are correct

-clot retraction. -repair of the damaged blood vessel by connective tissue cells. -clot dissolution. -serum being squeezed out of the clot. *All of these choices are correct.*

*Arrange the following events of coagulation in proper sequence. (1) prothrombin --> thrombin (2) fibrinogen --> fibrin (3) activation of factor XII (4) formation of prothrombinase*

3,4,1,2

*A person with erythrocytes that have surface antigen A, but not surface antigen B, is said to have type _________ blood.*

A

*____________ is the attraction of leukocytes to a site of infection due to the presence of molecules released by damaged cells, dead cells, or invading pathogens.*

Chemotaxis

*__________ are the most numerous type of leukocyte in the blood.*

Neutrophils

*Which leukocytes are derived from the myeloid line?* A. Neutrophils B. Basophils and eosinophils C. Lymphocytes and monocytes D. Lymphocytes E. Neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, and monocytes

Neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, and monocytes

*Which term best describes the function of blood when considering the presence of leukocytes and antibodies?* A. Regulation B. Prevention C. Protection D. Transportation

Protection

*When clotting proteins are removed from plasma, the remaining fluid is called _____________.*

Serum

*Which clotting pathway involves the combining of thromboplastin (factor III) with factor VII and calcium?* A. The intrinsic pathway B. The extrinsic pathway C. The common pathway D. Each of the three pathways (intrinsic, extrinsic, and common).

The extrinsic pathway

*Which term best describes the function of blood when considering the presence of carbon dioxide and endocrine hormones?* A. Regulation B. Protection C. Prevention D. Transportation

Transportation

*A person with an increased eosinophil count might be suffering from* A. a parasitic worm infection. B. a viral infection. C. an acute bacterial infection D. a chronic bacterial infection E. a head cold.

a parasitic worm infection

*The binding of antibodies in the blood plasma to their corresponding surface antigens on the erythrocyte plasma membrane is called _____________.*

agglutination

*Which of the following plasma proteins is most abundant?* A. albumin B. globulins C. fibrinogen D. immunoglobulins E. hemoglobin

albumin

*Blood plasma is slightly _______; if pH drifts out of the normal range, dire consequences can result from alterations in the structure of _______ .* A. acidic, glucose B. acidic, proteins C. acidic, glycogen D. basic, glucose E. basic, proteins

basic, proteins

*Two of the four globin chains in the hemoglobin molecule are called alpha chains and the other two are called ________________ chains.*

beta

*In adults, red blood cells are made in one place, spend most of their lifespan in another, and most are finally destroyed in yet another place. Which choice lists these locations in the correct chronological order?* A. bone marrow; blood vessels; spleen B. bone marrow; spleen; blood vessels C. spleen; blood vessels; spleen D. blood vessels; spleen; bone marrow E. spleen; blood vessels; bone marrow

bone marrow; blood vessels; spleen

*Which of the following is (are) associated with decreased hematopoiesis?* A. hemorrhage B. vitamin B12 deficiency C. iron deficiency anemia D. restricted blood flow to the kidney E. both vitamin B12 deficiency and iron deficiency anemia

both vitamin B12 deficiency and iron deficiency anemia

*What ion is necessary for the coagulation process?* A. sodium B. potassium C. magnesium D. calcium

calcium

*When a person develops a sore throat, white blood cells are drawn to the area of infection by a process called* A. chemotaxis B. diapedesis C. margination D. ameboid movement E. attraction

chemotaxis

*Which of the following is a stage of hemostasis?* A. coagulation B. erythropoiesis C. platelet formation D. vascular dilation E. agglutination

coagulation

*Mature erythrocytes* A. have a centrally located nucleus. B. are actually just cellular fragments. C. contain hemoglobin in their cytoplasm D. mature from cells called megakaryocytes E. do not contain protein.

contain hemoglobin in their cytoplasm

*One of the functions of blood is to regulate fluid levels in the body. If too much fluid escapes from the bloodstream and enters the tissues, blood pressure will* A. increase B. decrease

decrease

*The combination of hemoglobin and carbon dioxide is* A. carboxyhemoglobin B. oxyhemoglobin C. deoxyhemoglobin D. carbaminohemoglobin

deoxyhemoglobin

*Fibrinolysis involves ________ of the fibrin framework, and it involves the protein _______.* A. construction, thrombokinase B. construction, plasmin C. construction, actinomyosin D. destruction, plasmin E. destruction, thrombokinase

destruction, plasmin

*Movement of leukocytes between the endothelial blood vessel cells into the body tissues is called _____________.*

diapedesis

*Making up 2 to 4 percent of the leukocytes, the ___________ increase in number when they react to or phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes or allergens.*

eosinophils

*The clinical definition of the hematocrit refers to the percentage of* A. erythrocytes in the blood. B. leukocytes in the blood. C. platelets in the blood. D. plasma in the blood. E. all formed elements in the blood.

erythrocytes in the blood

*Fibrin, which is produced from the plasma protein _______________, helps form blood clots.*

fibrinogen

*The agglutinogens (or antigens) that determine the ABO and Rh blood types are* A. found on the surface of erythrocytes. B. found in the cytosol of the erythrocytes. C. located on the surface of the leukocytes. D. located in the cytosol of the leukocytes. E. part of the reticular connective tissue of the spleen.

found on the surface of erythrocytes

*Hemocytoblast stem cells* A. are specialized cells. B. are found in yellow bone marrow. C. form branches of trees. D. are abundant in the plasma. E. give rise to all formed elements in the blood.

give rise to all formed elements in the blood.

*The carbon dioxide molecules that bind to the hemoglobin molecule are attached to the __________ units.* A. heme B. globin C. iron D. calcium

globin

*Which plasma protein is correctly matched to its function?* A. fibrinogen - transport of fatty acids B. albumin - helps to fight infection C. globulin - transport and immunity D. globulin - blood clotting

globulin - transport and immunity

*The percentage of volume of red blood cells is called the _______________.*

hematocrit

*The process of hemopoiesis starts with hemopoietic stem cells called ________________.*

hemocytoblasts

*The molecule to which both oxygen and carbon dioxide can attach in an erythrocyte is called _________________.*

hemoglobin

*Beta-globulins transport ________, whereas gamma-globulins are ________.* A. antibodies, lipids B. iron ions, antibodies C. lipids, heavy metals D. oxygen, clotting proteins E. clotting factors, hormones

iron ions, antibodies

*The only formed elements that possess a nucleus when mature are the* A. thrombocytes B. erythrocytes C. leukocytes D. platelets E. RBCs

leukocytes

*Old erythrocytes are phagocytized in the* A. liver B. spleen C. lung D. liver and spleen E. spleen and lung

liver and spleen

*Which of the following cell types is incorrectly matched with its description?* A. neutrophils - most numerous WBCs B. basophils - release histamine C. lymphocytes - become macrophages D. monocytes - largest of the WBCs E. eosinophils - attack worm parasites

lymphocytes - become macrophages

*Aged erythrocytes are phagocytized in the liver and spleen by cells called ________________.*

macrophages

*Which of the following is an agranulocyte?* A. eosinophil B. basophil C. neutrophil D. monocyte E. erythrocyte

monocyte

*Macrophages are derived from* A. neutrophils B. lymphocytes C. monocytes D. basophils E. eosinophils

monocytes

*Neutrophils of the blood are derived from a population of stem cells called* A. lymphoblasts B. proerythroblasts C. myeloblasts D. megakaryoblasts E. monoblasts

myeloblasts

*In hemopoiesis, granulocytes such as neutrophils are formed from the _________ line.* A. lymphoid B. myeloid C. monocyte D. killer cell

myeloid

*Among the three categories of lymphocytes, it is the _____________ killer cells that attack abnormal and infected tissue cells.*

natural

*The type of leukocyte that is very active during a bacterial infection is a(n)* A. eosinophil B. basophil C. lymphocyte D. neutrophil E. monocyte

neutrophil

*RhoGam injections are given to* A. desensitize the fetus. B. activate fetal Rh antigens C. protect the father. D. prevent sensitization of the mother E. change the mother's blood type.

prevent sensitization of the mother.

*Extensions from megakaryocytes that extend through blood vessel walls in red marrow are sliced off from the cells by the force of blood flow. These extensions are* A. reticulocytes B. promegakaryocytes C. myeloid stem cells D. late erythroblasts E. proplatelets

proplatelets

*A white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is an example of blood functioning in* A. protection B. elimination C. maintenance D. transportation E. communication

protection

*If a blood buffer is absent, what function of the blood would be compromised?* A. maintenance of body temperature B. regulation of pH C. clot formation D. transport of ions E. protection against foreign substances

regulation of pH

*A _______________ (singular) is the name for the cylinder shape that erythrocytes form as they line up in single file for passage through the smallest blood vessels.*

rouleau

*Vascular spasms last:* A. a few milliseconds when tissue damage is moderate. B. almost a full minute when tissue damage is extensive. C. several minutes when tissue damage is extensive. D. several hours when tissue damage is moderate.

several minutes when tissue damage is extensive

*When a person is transfused with the wrong blood type,* A. the white cells clot. B. hemorrhaging occurs. C. fibrinogen is activated. D. the erythrocytes agglutinate. E. they bleed to death.

the erythrocytes agglutinate

*Which clotting pathway involves more steps and takes more time (approximately 5 minutes)?* A. The intrinsic pathway B. The extrinsic pathway

the intrinsic pathway

*Plasma is ____ while formed elements are ____.* A. a blood gas; blood clots B. the liquid portion of blood; the cells C. lacking in protein; regulators of blood osmolality D. the cellular portion of blood; acellular components E. mostly protein; the matrix

the liquid portion of blood; the cells

*Agglutination of red blood cells means* A. they rupture B. they form a clot C. they clump together D. they lose their nucleus E. they bump into each other

they clump together

*A blood clot attached to a blood vessel wall is called a(an)* A. thrombus B. embolus C. prostacylin D. hemorrhage E. anticoagulant

thrombus

*A person with type O blood should receive a blood transfusion from a donor with* A. type A blood B. type B blood C. type O blood D. type AB blood E. any type of blood

type O blood.

*The nervous system and certain chemicals can cause the constriction of a blood vessel. This is known as* A. platelet adhesion B. vascular spasm C. hemostasis D. coagulation

vascular spasm

*When trying to diagnose an infection that alters the percentages of leukocyte types found in the blood, it is useful for clinicians to perform a* A. white blood cell differential count. B. red blood cell differential count. C. total cell count for red and white blood cells. D. blood typing.

white blood cell differential count