A&P II Chapter 17 Lab
Recall from the video the steps for determining the hematocrit. Place the steps in the correct order from left to right.
1. Place heparinized capillary tube into the blood 2. Fill the tube three-quarters full with blood. 3. Seal the end with capillary tube sealer or clay 4. Place the tub in a microhematocrit centrifuge 5. Centrifuge the blood for 4 to 5 minutes
A person with type B- blood receives a transfusion of type O+ blood. It is his very first blood transfusion. Will there be a transfusion reaction? Why or why not?
No: the recipient has no antibodies to the Rh factor because this is his first transfusion.
If an individual is transfused with the wrong blood type, the recipient's antibodies react with the donor's antigens, eventually clumping and hemolyzing the donated RBCs.
True
What is true about blood typing?
Type AB blood contains antigens A and B.
Oxygen is attached to _______. an iron atom located on the heme portion of hemoglobin a calcium atom located on the globin portion of hemoglobin a calcium atom located on the heme portion of hemoglobin an iron atom located on the globin portion of hemoglobin
an iron atom located on the heme portion of hemoglobin
Which of the following terms can be used interchangeably?
antigen and agglutinogen
The hematocrit for the female with iron-deficiency anemia was _______. above normal and indicative of polycythemia normal indicative of polycythemia below normal above normal
below normal
LDLs contain _______.
cholesterol and protein
A patient reports to the doctor that she bruises very easily, and when she cuts herself, she has a hard time stopping the bleeding. What test might a health care provider order to help diagnose this problem?
coagulation time
With respect to ABO and Rh blood groups, there are __________ different blood types.
eight
The cholesterol determination is _______.
enzymatic and colorimetric
The final step in coagulation is the formation of ________.
fibrin
A person who has symptoms of paleness and chronic fatigue is suspected of having anemia. To investigate this suspicion further, it would be most helpful to measure ________.
hematocrit
Hypocholesterolemia is linked to _______.
low levels of serotonin
Which blood cells are highlighted? lymphocytes eosinophils monocytes neutrophils
lymphocytes
Which type of leukocyte is responsible for antibody production?
lymphocytes
The normal hematocrit value for __________ is generally higher than that of the opposite sex.
males
Leukopenia ________.
may indicate a disease such as cirrhosis of the liver or tuberculosis
Which blood cell is highlighted? lymphocyte neutrophil platelet monocyte
neutrophil
Which of these represents the majority of whole blood by volume?
plasma
This component of blood plasma includes molecules that are important for body defense, osmotic balance, and lipid transport.
plasma proteins
Which blood sample contained the universal recipient?
sample 5
Which patient sample(s) tested in the desirable range?
samples 1 and 3
Transfusion reactions occur between mismatched blood types. Match the recipient ABO and Rh blood groups with their compatible donors.
see photo
Which type of anemia is a genetic disorder resulting in abnormally shaped erythrocytes? pernicious anemia sickle cell anemia polycythemia aplastic anemia
sickle cell anemia
Release of which of the following hormones results in higher levels of erythrocytes? testosterone and erythropoietin testosterone estrogen and erythropoietin estrogen erythropoietin
testosterone and erythropoietin
Which of the following were disposed of in the biohazardous waste disposal?
the alcohol wipe, the lancet, and the cholesterol strip
Which of the following individuals had the highest hemoglobin level?
the female Olympic athlete
Which of the following blood samples did NOT have a normal ratio of PCV to Hb?
the female with iron-deficiency anemia
Which of the following had the fastest sedimentation rate?
the individual suffering a myocardial infarction
Which sample did NOT settle at all in one hour?
the individual with sickle cell anemia
The hematocrit measures ________.
the volume of RBC in a blood sample
Recall from the video that the level of RBCs is hormonally controlled by erythropoietin (EPO). Place the following steps in the correct order from left to right to show how EPO works to restore normal blood oxygen levels
1. Kidney releases EPO 2. EPO stimulates red blood marrow 3. enhanced erythropoiesis 4. RBC count increases 5. O2- carrying ability of blood increases
A normal red blood cell count is ________.
4- 6 million/mm3 of blood
What is a hematocrit?
Hematocrit is the percentage of erythrocytes in a whole blood sample.
A person with type AB blood receives a transfusion of type O blood. Will there be a transfusion reaction? Why or why not?
No: the recipient has no antibodies to antigens A and B, and therefore can receive blood from a type O donor.
The blood sample from which of the following had the highest hematocrit? a healthy female living in Denver a healthy female living in Boston a healthy male living in Boston a healthy male living in Denver
a healthy male living in Denver
Drag the labels to identify the components of whole blood after centrifugation.
Top Layer: Plasma Middle Layer: Buffy Coat, Platelets, Leukocytes Bottom Layer: Erythrocytes, Hematocrit
The total white blood cell count ranges from ________ to ________ /mm3 of blood.
4800, 10,800
A person with type AB blood has _______.
A and B antigens and neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies.
Like the ABO blood group, the Rh blood group is important in determining blood transfusion compatibility. Which of the following statements is true regarding the Rh blood group? Anti-Rh (D) antibodies are only found in Rh- individuals who have been exposed to Rh+ blood. Rh+ blood can be safely transfused into individuals with Rh- blood with no adverse reactions. Individuals with Rh+ blood type have the corresponding anti-Rh (D) antibodies in their plasma. Individuals with Rh- blood type have Rh (D) antigens on the surface of their red blood cells.
Anti-Rh (D) antibodies are only found in Rh- individuals who have been exposed to Rh+ blood.
You performed a blood typing activity as described in the lab manual. You observed agglutination (clumping) with anti-B and anti-Rh serum. Based on the test results you can conclude that the blood type you tested was ________.
B+
__________ are the leukocytes responsible for releasing histamine and other mediators of inflammation.
Basophils
How would blood doping with EPO affect a patient's hematocrit? Blood doping with EPO would lower a patient's hematocrit Blood doping with EPO would raise a patient's hematocrit. Blood doping with EPO would have no effect on a patient's hematocrit.
Blood doping with EPO would raise a patient's hematocrit.
Which of the following describes the blood sample for the female Olympic athlete?
Her hemoglobin level and her hematocrit were above normal.
__________ are essential for blood clotting.
Platelets
The serum on the left contains anti-A agglutinins and the serum on the right contains anti-B agglutinins. Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets.
See photo
Recall that the normal range for the hematocrit for a female is 37 - 47%, and the normal range for the hemoglobin level for a female is 12 - 16 g/100 ml. Describe hemoglobin and hematocrit values for the female with iron-deficiency anemia.
The hemoglobin was below normal, and the hematocrit was normal.
In comparing the sedimentation rate for the individual with angina pectoris with that of the healthy individual, which of the following statements is true?
The sedimentation rates were the same for both individuals.
Which of the following explains the result for the individual with sickle cell anemia?
The shape of the red blood cells prevented them from settling.
Which of these is true of the materials making up the buffy coat in centrifuged blood?
They are intermediate in density between erythrocytes and plasma.
The blood sample(s) from which of the following displayed polycythemia? a healthy female living in Denver a healthy male living in Boston a healthy male living in Denver a healthy female living in Denver and a healthy male living in Denver a healthy male living in Boston and a healthy male living in Denver
a healthy female living in Denver and a healthy male living in Denver
Blood type A- would give which of the following results?
agglutination with anti-A antibodies
A person with A+ blood has _______.
all of the above anti-B antibodies the A antigen on the surface of the red blood cells Rh antigen on the surface of the red blood cells
Rouleaux formation is characterized by _______. an increase in ESR an increase in ESR and a decrease in fibrinogen production a decrease in ESR and a decrease in fibrinogen production a decrease in ESR a decrease in fibrinogen production
an increase in ESR
Compare the normal hematocrit to the patient's hematocrit. What is the patient's likely condition based upon the hematocrit shown? leukemia polycythemia leukopenia leukocytosis anemia
anemia
ESR is useful in distinguishing between _______. angina and a myocardial infarction angina and a myocardial infarction as well as acute appendicitis and ruptured ectopic pregnancy rheumatoid arthritis and bone cancer acute appendicitis and ruptured ectopic pregnancy All of the above are correct.
angina and a myocardial infarction as well as acute appendicitis and ruptured ectopic pregnancy
People who have neither A nor B antigens on the surface of their red blood cells have anti-A and anti-B antibodies in their plasma.
anti-A and anti-B antibodies in their plasma.
People who have the B antigen on the surface of their red blood cells have
anti-A antibodies in their plasma.
People who have the A antigen on the surface of their red blood cells have
anti-B antibodies in their plasma.
Blood typing is based on the presence of proteins known as __________ on the outer surface of the red blood cell plasma membrane.
antigens
Which blood cells are highlighted? basophils lymphocytes neutrophils eosinophils
basophils
Which of the following white blood cells are granulocytes?
basophils and neutrophils
You can recognize these white blood cells because they have a bilobed nucleus and red granules in the cytoplasm.
eosiniphil
Which blood cell is highlighted? lymphocyte erythrocyte neutrophil eosinophil
eosinophil
These white blood cells kill parasitic worms and play a complex role in allergic responses and asthma.
eosinophils
Mature __________ are the most numerous blood cells and do not have a nucleus.
erythrocytes
Each hemoglobin molecule can carry ______________ oxygen molecule(s).
four
How is the expression of surface antigens on red blood cells determined?
genetics
Erythrocyte sedimentation relies upon _______. filtration gravity blood pressure centrifugation
gravity
Normally, the amount of plasma in whole blood is ________ than the amount of formed elements; plasma makes up approximately ________ percent of whole blood.
greater; 55
Oxyhemoglobin _______.
has oxygen attached to the iron atom
What organ would blood clots from the lower legs have to pass through to get to the lungs?
heart
Which of the following would help promote blood clot formation in the lower limbs?
heart failure
When determining the __________, you will centrifuge whole blood in order to allow the formed elements to sink to the bottom of the sample.
hematocrit
The oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is evaluated using _______. cholesterol measurements hematocrit measurements and hemoglobin measurements hematocrit measurements and cholesterol measurements hematocrit measurements hemoglobin measurements
hematocrit measurements and hemoglobin measurements
From the choices listed here, the most accurate way to assess the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is probably to measure the ________.
hemoglobin content
Which of the following does NOT result in an increase in hemoglobin levels?
hyperthyroidism
Which of the following would indicate a worsening of the disease? increased ESR with rheumatoid arthritis decreased ESR with pelvic inflammatory disease decreased ESR with acute appendicitis decreased ESR with angina
increased ESR with rheumatoid arthritis
Platelets are cell fragments of large multinucleate cells called ________.
megakaryocytes
The least numerous but largest of all agranulocytes is the __________.
monocyte
This cell is the largest white blood cell. It lacks cytoplasmic granules and has a kidney-shaped nucleus.
monocyte
Which blood cell is highlighted? lymphocyte basophil monocyte neutrophil
monocyte
A person with type O blood has _______.
neither A nor B agglutinogens
People who have both A and B antigens on the surface of their red blood cells have
neither Anti A nor Anti B antibodies in their plasma
Identify the leukocytes in the figure in order.
neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil, lymphocyte, monocyte
These are the most abundant leukocytes, constituting 40-70% of all white blood cells.
neutrophils
When a person has an acute bacterial infection, such as bacterial meningitis or appendicitis, which type of leukocyte increases in number?
neutrophils
Granulocytes include ________.
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
Which structure is highlighted? platelet erythrocyte monocyte leukocyte
platelet
This formed element is essential for blood clotting.
platelets
Three types of formed elements found in blood include erythrocytes, leukocytes, and __________.
platelets
A blood test reveals a large increase in the number of RBCs. One possible explanation for this may be ________.
polycythemia
The most numerous blood cells are ________.
red blood cells
Which patient sample(s) tested in the elevated range?
sample 2
Which patient sample(s) tested in the borderline elevated range?
sample 4
Which of the blood samples tested could donate to a person with type A+ blood?
samples 1 and 4
Which of the samples are from patients that suffer from a condition in which insufficient oxygen is transported to the body's cells? samples 1 and 2 samples 5 and 6 samples 3 and 4 samples 1 and 3
samples 5 and 6
In this activity, we will measure _______.
total blood cholesterol
