A&P II - Chapter 22 (Respiratory System)

hyperventilation

An increased depth and rate of breathing that exceeds the body's need to remove carbon dioxide.

conducting portion

The division of the respiratory system that includes cavities and tubes that conduct, filter, warm, and moisten air

respiratory portion

The division of the respiratory system where gas exchange occurs.

pharynx

The passageway for air, food, and drink. Houses tonsils.

cellular respiration

The portion of respiration in which cells use oxygen and generate CO2

pulmonary ventilation

The portion of respiration that includes breathing - inhaling and exhaling

internal respiration

The portion of respiration that includes gas exchange between blood and tissues

external respiration

The portion of respiration that includes gas exchange between lungs and blood.

helps retain carbon dioxide in the blood

The symptoms of hyperventilation may be averted by breathing into a paper bag because it ________.

secrete surfactant

The walls of the alveoli are composed of two types of cells, type I and type II alveolar cells. The function of type II alveolar cells is to ________.

pleurae

Thin, double-layered serosal membrane that divides the thoracic cavity into two compartments

true

Tracheal obstruction is life threatening.

trachea

Tube that extends from the larynx to the bronchi. Provides a passageway for air.

surface tension from pleural fluid and negative pressure in the pleural cavity

Which of the following is responsible for holding the lungs to the thorax wall are ________.

as bicarbonate ions in plasma after first entering the red blood cells

how is the bulk of carbon dioxide transported in blood?

the total amount of air that can be inspired after a tidal expiration

inspiratory capacity is ________.

true

intrapleural pressure is normally about 4 mm Hg less than the pressure in the alveoli.

ciliated mucous lining in the nose

most inspired particles such as dust fail to reach the lungs because of the ______.

ciliated mucous lining in the nose

most inspired particles such as dust fail to reach the lungs because of the ________.

diffusion

oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs and through all cell membranes by ________.

medulla and pons

respiratory control centers are located in the ________.

type II alveolar cells

secrete a fluid containing surfactant

true

smoking diminishes ciliary action and eventually destroys the cilia.

interfering with the cohesiveness of water molecules, thereby reducing the surface tension of alveolar fluid

surfactant helps to prevent the alveoli from collapsing by ________.

alveolar duct

terminates in alveoli.

true

the Heimlich maneuver is a procedure in which air in the lungs is used to expel a piece of food that obstructs the opening to the trachea

inspiratory reserve volume

the amount of air that can be inspired above the tidal volume is called ________.

trachea

the flexible tube which connects the larynx to the bronchial tree is the

true

the functions of the nasal conchae are to enhance the air turbulence in the cavity and to increase the mucosal surface area exposed to the air.

vital capacity

the lung volume that represents the total volume of exchangeable air is the ________.

alveoli

the main site of gas exchange is the ________.

asthma

A chronic airway inflammation due to hypersensitivity to environmental triggers.

paranasal sinuses

A ring of sinuses around the nasal cavity.

respiratory membrane

Blood-air barrier that consists of alveolar and capillary walls. Is very thin; about .5 micrometers.

pneumothorax

Clinical term for air in the pleural cavity.

rhinitis

Clinical term for inflammation of nasal mucosa.

pleurisy

Clinical term for inflammation of the pleurae.

laryngitis

Clinical term for inflammation of the vocal folds.

tidal volume

Measurement of the volume of air moved in or out of the lungs during a normal breath.

inspiratory reserve volume

Measurement of the volume of air that can be inhaled during forced breathing in addition to tidal volume.

visceral pleura

Membrane on the external lung surface

segmental (tertiary) bronchi

NO exchange of gases occurs here

alveolus

Small sacks at the end of the bronchioles in which gas exchange takes place.

larynx

Structure below the pharynx which houses the vocal folds and routes air and food into the proper channels.

nasal conchae

Term for the folds of tissue in the nasal cavity.

bronchial tree

Term referring to the branching pattern of the bronchi and its subdivisions.

compliance

Term that means ease of lung expansion and recoil

hypoxia

Term that refers to inadequate oxygen delivery to tissues.

nares

Word for external openings of the nose.

true

atelectasis (lung collapse) renders the lung useless for ventilation.

greater than the pressure in the atmosphere

complete the following statement using the choices below. air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is ________.

diaphragm

during inspiration, what muscle helps expand the thoracic cavity (when contracted) thus decreasing internal pressure and allowing air to rush in?

false

during normal quiet breathing, approximately 1000 ml of air moves into and out of the lungs with each breath.

alveolar and capillary walls and their fused basement membranes

the respiratory membrane is a combination of ________.

exchanged during normal breathing

tidal volume is air ________.

larynx

what is the voice box?

phrenic

what nerve carries the impulses associated with contraction of the diaphragm?

assist in blood flow to and from the heart because the heart sits between the lungs

which of the choices below is NOT a role of the pleurae?

emphysema

which of the disorders below is characterized by destruction of the walls of the alveoli producing abnormally large air spaces that remain filled with air during exhalation?

it is a passive process that depends on the recoil of elastic fibers that were stretched during inspiration.

which of the following is true regarding normal quiet expiration of air?

c-shaped cartilage rings

which of the following maintains the patency (openness) of the trachea?

pulmonary ventilation

which of the following refers to the movement of air into and out of the lungs?

alveolus

which structure is lined with simple squamous epithelium?