A&P II - Chapter 22 (Respiratory System)
hyperventilation
An increased depth and rate of breathing that exceeds the body's need to remove carbon dioxide.
conducting portion
The division of the respiratory system that includes cavities and tubes that conduct, filter, warm, and moisten air
respiratory portion
The division of the respiratory system where gas exchange occurs.
pharynx
The passageway for air, food, and drink. Houses tonsils.
cellular respiration
The portion of respiration in which cells use oxygen and generate CO2
pulmonary ventilation
The portion of respiration that includes breathing - inhaling and exhaling
internal respiration
The portion of respiration that includes gas exchange between blood and tissues
external respiration
The portion of respiration that includes gas exchange between lungs and blood.
helps retain carbon dioxide in the blood
The symptoms of hyperventilation may be averted by breathing into a paper bag because it ________.
secrete surfactant
The walls of the alveoli are composed of two types of cells, type I and type II alveolar cells. The function of type II alveolar cells is to ________.
pleurae
Thin, double-layered serosal membrane that divides the thoracic cavity into two compartments
true
Tracheal obstruction is life threatening.
trachea
Tube that extends from the larynx to the bronchi. Provides a passageway for air.
surface tension from pleural fluid and negative pressure in the pleural cavity
Which of the following is responsible for holding the lungs to the thorax wall are ________.
as bicarbonate ions in plasma after first entering the red blood cells
how is the bulk of carbon dioxide transported in blood?
the total amount of air that can be inspired after a tidal expiration
inspiratory capacity is ________.
true
intrapleural pressure is normally about 4 mm Hg less than the pressure in the alveoli.
ciliated mucous lining in the nose
most inspired particles such as dust fail to reach the lungs because of the ______.
ciliated mucous lining in the nose
most inspired particles such as dust fail to reach the lungs because of the ________.
diffusion
oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs and through all cell membranes by ________.
medulla and pons
respiratory control centers are located in the ________.
type II alveolar cells
secrete a fluid containing surfactant
true
smoking diminishes ciliary action and eventually destroys the cilia.
interfering with the cohesiveness of water molecules, thereby reducing the surface tension of alveolar fluid
surfactant helps to prevent the alveoli from collapsing by ________.
alveolar duct
terminates in alveoli.
true
the Heimlich maneuver is a procedure in which air in the lungs is used to expel a piece of food that obstructs the opening to the trachea
inspiratory reserve volume
the amount of air that can be inspired above the tidal volume is called ________.
trachea
the flexible tube which connects the larynx to the bronchial tree is the
true
the functions of the nasal conchae are to enhance the air turbulence in the cavity and to increase the mucosal surface area exposed to the air.
vital capacity
the lung volume that represents the total volume of exchangeable air is the ________.
alveoli
the main site of gas exchange is the ________.
asthma
A chronic airway inflammation due to hypersensitivity to environmental triggers.
paranasal sinuses
A ring of sinuses around the nasal cavity.
respiratory membrane
Blood-air barrier that consists of alveolar and capillary walls. Is very thin; about .5 micrometers.
pneumothorax
Clinical term for air in the pleural cavity.
rhinitis
Clinical term for inflammation of nasal mucosa.
pleurisy
Clinical term for inflammation of the pleurae.
laryngitis
Clinical term for inflammation of the vocal folds.
tidal volume
Measurement of the volume of air moved in or out of the lungs during a normal breath.
inspiratory reserve volume
Measurement of the volume of air that can be inhaled during forced breathing in addition to tidal volume.
visceral pleura
Membrane on the external lung surface
segmental (tertiary) bronchi
NO exchange of gases occurs here
alveolus
Small sacks at the end of the bronchioles in which gas exchange takes place.
larynx
Structure below the pharynx which houses the vocal folds and routes air and food into the proper channels.
nasal conchae
Term for the folds of tissue in the nasal cavity.
bronchial tree
Term referring to the branching pattern of the bronchi and its subdivisions.
compliance
Term that means ease of lung expansion and recoil
hypoxia
Term that refers to inadequate oxygen delivery to tissues.
nares
Word for external openings of the nose.
true
atelectasis (lung collapse) renders the lung useless for ventilation.
greater than the pressure in the atmosphere
complete the following statement using the choices below. air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is ________.
diaphragm
during inspiration, what muscle helps expand the thoracic cavity (when contracted) thus decreasing internal pressure and allowing air to rush in?
false
during normal quiet breathing, approximately 1000 ml of air moves into and out of the lungs with each breath.
alveolar and capillary walls and their fused basement membranes
the respiratory membrane is a combination of ________.
exchanged during normal breathing
tidal volume is air ________.
larynx
what is the voice box?
phrenic
what nerve carries the impulses associated with contraction of the diaphragm?
assist in blood flow to and from the heart because the heart sits between the lungs
which of the choices below is NOT a role of the pleurae?
emphysema
which of the disorders below is characterized by destruction of the walls of the alveoli producing abnormally large air spaces that remain filled with air during exhalation?
it is a passive process that depends on the recoil of elastic fibers that were stretched during inspiration.
which of the following is true regarding normal quiet expiration of air?
c-shaped cartilage rings
which of the following maintains the patency (openness) of the trachea?
pulmonary ventilation
which of the following refers to the movement of air into and out of the lungs?
alveolus
which structure is lined with simple squamous epithelium?