A&P II Final

The lifespan of an erythrocyte is about ____ days

120

Plasma makes up ___% of blood

55

Approximately what percent of oxygen in blood is transported by the hemoglobin of erythrocytes

98%

_________ stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroid hormones

A releasing hormone from the anterior lobe of the pituitary

Which is correct regarding lymph nodes

All are correct

_________involves a cascade of reactions leading to the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin

Blood clotting

Which of the following statements about blood is true

Blood is slightly more viscous than water.

Of the three artery types, the elastic arteries have the greatest ability to vasoconstrict and vasodilate.

False

The spleen is considered a primary lymphatic structure.

False

The spleen is essentially a giant lymph node, because it is encapsulated, had trabeculae, and filters lymph to remove antigens

False

__________ is secreted by beta cells of pancreas, its secretion is stimulated by _________in blood glucose level

Insulin; an increase

The hormone responsible for setting circadian rhythm and is secreted by the pineal gland is

Melatonin

Which are not tonsils

Palatoglossal tonsils

_____________are released within a tissue and affect the function of neighboring cells within that tissue

Paracrine signals

Which correctly describes the heart's apex?

Projects slightly anteroinferiorly toward the left side of the body

Order the pathway of the electrical impulses of the conducting system of the heart from the first event to the last

SA Node ——- AV Node———AV Bundle ———-Bundle Branches ————Purkinje Fibers

The _______ is referred to as the pacemakers of the heart

SA node

The atria receives the action potentials from the

SA node

It is the contraction of the atria during atrial systole that completes the filling of the ventricles while the ventricles are in diastole.

True

Systolic pressure is greater than diastolic pressure due to the forced generated in ventricular contractions

True

The appendix contains lymphatic nodules.

True

Tonsils are secondary lymphatic structures.

True

Order the phases involved int he process of hemostasis

Vascular spasm - platelet plug - blood clotting

The secretion of growth hormone is controlled by

a releasing hormone and an inhibiting hormone from hypothalamus.

Excessive secretion of growth hormone in adults can cause

acromegaly

mature red blood cells

all are correct

Just prior to atrial contraction,

all four chambers are at rest and AV valves are open

Phagocytic cells of the alveolus are the

alveolar macrophages

The most common cell making up the alveolar wall is the

alveolar type I cell

Which is not part of the conducting portion of the respiratory system?

alveoli

Air remaining in the conduction portion of the respiratory system that does not reach the alveoli is known as

anatomic dead space

beta globulins transport , whereas gamma globulins are _

antibodies

Elastic fibers in the walls of which vessels are stretches as the heart beats

arteries

The tunica media is found in

arteries and veins only

precapillary sphincters control the flow of blood from

aterioles to capillary network

In an EKG, the P wave represents

atrial depolarization

Most of the CO2 in the blood is transported as

bicarbonate ions

For the repolarization phase of an SA nodal cell action potential:

calcium channels close and potassium channels open

Which of the following is not a characteristic of venous valves

channeling blood away from the heart

Which of the following occurs during the chloride shift

chloride is exchanged for bicarbonate

The hypothalamic hormone that triggers the release of ACTH is

corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

oxygen poor blood is _______ in color

dark red

The main function of leukocytes is to

defend against pathogens

The pulmonary circuit carries _____ blood from the ______ to the lungs and returns _______ blood to the ________

deoxygenated; right ventricle; oxygenated; left atrium

The QRS complex of an ECG is produce by the

depolarization of the ventricles

The visceral layer of serous pericardium is also known as

epicardium

The elastic cartilage that covers the opening to the larynx during swallowing is

epiglottis

Capillaries with pores that perforate the endothelial lining are called

fenestrated capillaries

Which is not a function of the spleen

filters lymph

How many oxygen molecules may bind to a single molecule of hemoglobin

four

Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is

greater than the pressure in the atmosphere

Cardiac output equals the

heart rate multiplied by stroke volume

Hemoglobin contains a protein combined with an iron-containing pigment called

heme

Which of the following proteins function to store and transport oxygen

hemoglobin

Increased cardiac output ______ the blood pressure.

increases

The main function of tonsils is to detect and protect agonist infections agents that are

ingested or inhaled

The amount of air that can be forcibly inhaled after a normal inspiration is

inspiratory reserve volume

The process by which dissolved gases are exchanged between the blood and interstitial fluid is

internal respiration

Which fluid does lymph most closely resemble?

interstitial fluid

Boyle's law states that has volume is

iversely proportional to pressure

A lymphatic capillary that picks up dietary lipids in the small intestines is called

lacteal

When the right atrium contracts

left atrium always contracts simulataneously

A large majority of the proteins found in plasma are produced by the

liver

The main function of serous fluid is to

lubricate and reduce friction between pleural membranes around the lung

The term swollen glands is usually meant to refer to lymph nodes in which

lymphocytes are proliferating in germinal centers

Pulmonary ventilation refers to the

movement of air into and out of the lungs

The layer of the heart wall composed of cardiac muscle tissue is the

myocardium

Which is not one of the cardinal signs of inflammation

numbness

The two hormones released from the posterior pituitary are

oxytocin and antidiueretic hormone

On each side of the chest, the _________ pleura lines the internal thoracic wall and the __________ pleura tightly covers the lung.

parietal and visceral

What component of pus is the reason why you would not want to come into contact with someone else's pus

pathogens

The heart valves

permit the passage of blood in one direction

"Complement" refers to a group of

plasma proteins

________ form a temporary plug to stop bleeding in a broken blood vessel

platelets

__________ stimulates milk secretion and maintains milk production by mammary glands

prolactin

Most hormones are made of chains of amino acids and are therfore

proteins

Which carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

pulmonary veins

The secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone is controlled by

releasing hormone from the hypothalamus

The _________ is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximum forceful expiration

residual volume

Gas flow decreases as ________ increases.

resistance

The thoracic duct collects lymph from all of the following except the

right arm

The thoracic duct and the right lymphatic duct empty lymph into the

subclavian veins

When the effects of one hormone reinforce the activity of another hormone on the same target cell, the interaction is said to be

synergistic

Which part of the circulatory system holds the largest amount of blood?

systemic veins

Contraction phase of the cardiac cycle, known as _____________, _________ blood pressure. The relaxation phase known as __________, ___________ blood pressure

systole; increase, diastole, decrease

The papillary muscle attach to the cusps of the AV valves by means of the

tendinous cords

When the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract,

the volume of the thorax increases

Where do T lymphocytes mature?

thymus gland

Which term best describes the function of blood when considering the presence of carbon dioxide and endocrine hormones?

transportation

The _________ is composed of an endothelium and a sub-endothelial layer made up of a thin layer of areola connective tissue

tunica intima

In arteries, the thickest layer of the wall is the

tunica media

The layer of the arteriole wall that can produce vasoconstriction is the

tunica media

The muscular layer of a blood vessel is the

tunica media

During a cardiac cycle, how many of the four chambers contract at any one time?

two

The metabolic condition called ________ results from the destruction of the beta cells in the pancreas due to an autoimmune response

type 1 diabetes

The first phase of hemostasis is ______?

vascular spasm

Valves are found in some

veins

The thoroughfare channel trough a capillary bed ends at the

venule

The stroke volume is the

volume of blood pumped from left ventricle per heartbeat

The most abundant chemical in plasma is

water