A&P II Lab Practical 2 Review
A patient with iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis (IFDVT) has a blood clot located in the femoral or external iliac vein. Such a patient is at risk of the clot traveling to the lungs, resulting in a pulmonary embolism. Trace the route of the clot from the femoral vein to the pulmonary artery.
- femoral vein - external iliac vein - common iliac vein - inferior vena cava - right atrium of the heart - right ventricle of the heart - pulmonary trunk - pulmonary artery
Trace the blood from the mitral valve to the tricuspid valve by way of the great toe
- mitral valve - left ventricle - aorta - common iliac artery - external iliac artery - femoral artery - posterior tibial artery - medial plantar artery - digital artery - capillary beds - digital vein - plantar arch - plantar vein - posterior tibial vein - femoral vein - external iliac vein - common iliac vein - inferior vena cava - right atrium - tricuspid valve
Trace a molecule of oxygen from the nostrils to the pulmonary capillaries of the lungs:
- nostrils - nasal cavity - pharynx - larynx - trachea - main primary bronchus - lobar/segmental bronchi - bronchiole - respiratory bronchiole - alveolar duct - alveolar sac - across alveolar/capillary walls - pulmonary blood
which main bronchi is longer?
Left main bronchus
which main bronchi is more horizontal?
Left main bronchus
What are the sounds of Korotkoff?
Sounds that can be auscultated over a partially occluded artery
function of pharyngotympanic tube
allows the middle ear pressure to equalize with the atmospheric pressure
what is the function of the cerebral arterial circle?
also know as the circle of willis (ring of arteries), it provides alternate pathways for blood to reach the brain if there is impaired blood flow to the brain
The chambers that have just emptied when the second heart sound is heard are the __________.
atria
immediately after the second heart sound both the _______ and _______ are filling with blood
atria and ventricles
the first heart sound (Lub) is a result of closure of the ________
atrioventricular valves
cardiac cycle
blood flow through heart during one complete heartbeat including atrial/ventricular contraction
what pressure point would you compress to help stop bleeding in the forearm?
brachial artery
vessel that is paired in the venous system, but only a single vessel is present in the arterial system
brachiocephalic
artery palpated at the side of the neck
carotid artery
The lining of the trachea is pseudostratified ciliated __________, which propels dust particles, bacteria, and other debris away from the lungs.
columnar epithelium
divides into the external and internal carotid arteries
common carotid
join to form the inferior vena cava
common iliac
effect on blood pressure: hemorrhage
decrease
effect on blood pressure: increased diameter of the arterioles
decrease
diastolic pressure
diastole (relaxation)
artery on the dorsum of the foot
dorsalis pedis artery
artery palpated on the dorsum of the foot
dorsalis pedis artery
covers the glottis during swallowing of food
epiglottis
a "lid" for the larynx
epiglottis cartilage
food passageway posterior to the trachea
esophagus
what the external iliac artery becomes on entry into the thigh
femoral
what pressure point would you compress to help stop bleeding in the thigh?
femoral artery
pneumonia is an infectious disease in which fluid accumulates in the alveoli. patients who are diagnosed with pneumonia are monitored for their oxygen saturation levels. describe how pneumonia could affect the amount of oxygen in the blood.
gas exchange occurs at or along the membranes of the alveoli, if the alveoli are filled with fluid, gas exchange cannot occur. oxygen will not be able to diffuse form the inspired air into the blood and overall blood oxygen levels will decrease
what structural characteristics of the alveoli make them an ideal site for the diffusion of gases?
great surface area and thin walls
veins draining the liver
hepatic veins
indentation on the lung where the lung root structures enter and exit
hilum
effect on blood pressure: arteriosclerosis
increase
effect on blood pressure: increased blood viscosity
increase
effect on blood pressure: increased cardiac output
increase
effect on blood pressure: increased pulse rate
increase
two paired arteries serving the brain
internal carotid artery and vertebral artery
The two monosyllables describing the heart sounds are
lub-dup
vein that runs between the cephalic and basilic veins
median cubital vein
vein where blood is drawn from
median cubital vein
systole
period of ventricular contraction
diastole
period of ventricular relaxation
connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx
pharyngotympanic tube
what pressure point would you compress to help stop bleeding in the calf?
popliteal artery
pulse
pressure surges in an artery occurring during each contraction and relaxation of left ventricle
Why is it important that the human trachea is reinforced with cartilaginous rings?
prevents collapse during pressure changes that occur during breathing
artery generally used to take the pulse at the wrist
radial
The pulse is most often taken at the lateral aspect of the wrist, above the thumb, by compressing the _________
radial artery
artery palpated at the wrist
radial artery
what pressure point would you compress to help stop bleeding in the thumb?
radial artery
which main bronchi is larger in diameter?
right main bronchus
which main bronchi more commonly traps a foreign object that has entered the respiratory passageways?
right main bronchus
the second sound (dup) is a result of closure of the _________
semilunar valves
supplies most of the small intestine
superior mesenteric
systolic pressure
systole (ventricular contraction)
artery palpated in front of the ear
temporal artery
Why is the blood that drains into the hepatic portal circulation nutrient-rich?
the hepatic portal vein is formed by the veins that drain the digestive track which are nutrient rich
blood pressure
the pressure that is exerted by the blood against the walls of blood vessels
Most arteries of the adult body carry oxygen-rich blood, and the veins carry oxygen poor blood How does this differ in the pulmonary arteries and veins?
the pulmonary arteries carry oxygen poor blood to the lungs and the pulmonary veins carry oxygen rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart
Forms the Adam's apple
thyroid cartilage
alveoli
tiny like balloon like structures, are composed of single thing layer of squamous epithelium, they are the main structural and functional units of the lung and the actual sites of gas exchange
Connects the larynx to the main bronchi
trachea
pharyngotympanic tube
tube that opens into the lateral walls of the nasopharynx and connects the nasopharynx to the middle ear
Describe the role that valves play in returning blood to the heart
valves prevent back flow of blood to the heart and ensure that blood flows "one way" into the heart
the heart chambers that have just been filled when you hear the first heart sound are the _______
ventricles
