A&P Study Questions Chapters 1-3&22

Ace your homework & exams now with Quizwiz!

Homeostasis body internal temperature should remain between

97 and 99 F

The plasma membrane is made up of?

A double layer of phospholipids with cholesterol and proteins embedded at various spots

Homestatis is referred to as maintaining

A dynamic equilibrium Dynamic -means active Equilibrium -means balanced

Hypertonic

A solution with a higher concentration of solutes as that inside the cell

Hypotonic

A solution with a lower concentration of solutes as that inside the cell

Isotonic

A solution with the same concentration of solutes as that inside the cell

DNA base pairing

A-T, G-C

Which body cavity contains the stomach, spleen, and liver?

Abdominal cavity (subdivision of the abdominopelvic cavity)

Which type of substance releases a hydrogen ion when dissolved in water?

Acid

The study of the structure of the body is?

Anatomy

To reproduce, viruses?

Assume a hosts DNA

Imbalances in the microbiome have been linked to which of the following disorders?

Asthma, heart disease, obesity

Microbes

Bacteria and viruses

The nucleus of the cell is called the control center because it?

Contains all the genetic material for the cell

Which cavity contains the brain?

Cranial

Chromatin is

DNA

Diseases linked to microbiome imbalance

Diabetes Heart disease Asthma Multiple sclerosis Obesity

What structure separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity?

Diaphragm

Racheal have a cut in her leg jus above her ankle. The injured area is

Distal to her knee

Midline

Divided into right side or left side

Frontal plane

Divides the body into anterior and posterior also called coronal plane

The two major body cavities

Dorsal cavity and ventral cavity

The first step in building a microbiome occurs?

During the birth process

Which of the following is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into two or more substance?

Element

A chemical compound contains at least two?

Elements

Which organ system controls hormone production?

Endocrine

Which organ system is primarily responsible for regulating muscle growth?

Endocrine system

The pancreas is both involved?

Endocrine system and digestive system

What is the term used to describe the abdominal region just under the breastbone?

Epigastric

What type of tissue covers or lines body surfaces?

Epithelial

What is the process by which larger molecules can leave the cell even though they are too large to move through the plasma membrane?

Exocytosis

The lateral side of the right knee would be?

Farthest from left knee

Cytoskeleton (Microtubule)

Framework of the cell, determines cell shape and strength

The body stores glucose in the form of?

Glycogen

Identifying bacteria

Gram-positive bacteria or Gram-negative bacteria

The Human Microbiome Project discovered that healthy adults?

Harbor more bacterial cells than they have human cells

What statement about bacteria is most accurate?

Have the ability to transmit DNA from one bacterium to another

What is homeostasis?

Homeostasis is the state of dynamic equilibrium of the body's internal environment

Which organ system functions to destroy pathogens that enter the body?

Immune system

One difference between DNA and RNA is?

In RNA adenine bonds with uracil

Capsomeres

Individual structural units forming the viral capsid

Which organ system consists of skin, hair, and nails?

Integumentary

What bond occurs when one atom transfers an electron to another atom?

Ionic

All electrolytes are

Ions

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Is a polymer, has a double strand and made up of nucleus acid

What purpose does the capsule serve in bacteria?

It helps ward off attacks by larger microorganisms

Which of the following correctly describe diffusion?

It is a form of passive transport in which particles move from an area of higher to lower concentration

Which statement about DNA is correct?

It stores all of a cells genetic information

What effect do bacterial genes have on human health?

Just as great of an influence on human health as human genes do

The term patellar is used to identify which region of the body?

Knee

If red blood cells are immersed in a hypertonic solution, the cells will?

Lose fluid and shrivel

Which organ system plays a key role in defending the body against disease?

Lymphatic

Which organ system supplies the body with immune cells?

Lymphatic system

Which organ system supply the body with immune cells?

Lymphatic system

Translation

Making protein

The term used to describe something toward the body's midline is?

Medial

The heart is located?

Mediastinum

mRNA stands for?

Messenger RNA

Human microbiome

Microbial makeup of healthy humans

Microbe

Microscopic organism, including bacteria, viruses and fungi

Cells depend on which organelle for energy?

Mitochondria

What type of feedback occurs when an effector opposes the stimulus and reverses the direction of change?

Negative

The body maintains equilibrium through the process of?

Negative feedback

The process of homeostatic regulation operates most often through a system of?

Negative feedback

Which statement is true?

Nucleotides consist of a sugar, a phosphate group, a nitrogen base

A cells genetic information is contained in?

Nucleus

Electrons found in?

Nucleus

Ionic bonds are formed when?

One atom transfers an electron from its outer shell to another atom

What are the metabolic units within cells that perform specific functions necessary to the life of the cell?

Organelles

Molecules are organized into various structures including

Organelles, organs, tissues, cells, organ system, a human organism (one complete individual)

Osmotic pressure

Osmotic pressure has no role in venous

Portal of entry

Pathway by which infectious organisms gain access to the body

Which bacterial structure allows bacteria to develop resistance?

Plasmids

The dorsal body cavity is ________ to the ventral body cavity?

Posterior

What is the chief purpose of the Golgi apparatus?

Prepare and package proteins in vesicles for export to other parts of the body

Which of the following is a key function of the sodium-potassium pump?

Provision of electrical potential necessary for the nervous system activity

Which of the following statements about RNA is true?

RNA exists in three forms

The ovaries are part of the ________ system?

Reproductive

The trachea is part of the ______ system?

Respiratory

Which body plane divides the body lengthwise into right and left sides?

Sagittal

The plane that divides the body into the right and left sides is the?

Sagittal plane

Diaphragm

Separates the thoracic from the abdominal pelvic

Bacteria

Single cell microscopic organisms that are the chief inhabitants of microbiome

Plasmids

Small loops of DNA contained within bacteria that allow them to transmit DNA from one cell to another

Gram stain

Staining technique used to classify bacteria into one or two groups

What was the goal of the Human Microbiome Project?

To identify microorganisms residing within and on healthy adults

RNA base pairing

U-T, G,C

What is the most common way a persons microbiome can become disrupted?

Use of broad-spectrum antibiotics

Exocytosis (exit)

Uses vesicles to release substances outside the cell

What is the name of the major body cavity encompassing the front portion of the body?

Ventral

Which statement most accurately describes viruses?

Viruses are not cells but are a bundle of centric material surrounded by a protein shell

Which is the most abundant inorganic compound in the body?

Water

Osmotic pressure?

Water pressure that develops as a result of osmosis

How does a persons microbiome normally develop?

begins to develop as the infant passes through the birth canal

Patho

means suffering from a disease

The smallest living units that make up the body's structure are?

Cells

What is the function of the mitochondria?

To convert organic compounds into ATP

Electrolytes are

Compounds that dissociate in water

The hair-like processes on the surface of a cell that beat in waves to help propel materials across its surface are called?

Cilia

Endocytosis (inside)

Bring substance into the cell - Phagocytosis- cell eating Pinocytosis- cell drinking

What is the body's main source of energy?

Carbohydrates

What is the body's primary energy source?

Carbohydrates

What is the name of the process used to break down complex compounds into simpler ones to release energy?

Catabolism

In which phase does the cell make an extra set of DNA?

Synthesis

Which statement about the human microbiome is most accurate?

The components of the microbiome vary considerably between sites on the body and between individuals

Transcription

The copy of DNA- that one copy is your messenger RNA

The atomic number of an element is determined by?

The number of protons in the nucleus

Which statement correctly describes the sodium-potassium pump?

The pump uses energy in the form of ATP to transfer sodium from inside the cell to outside the cell and to transfer potassium from outside the cell to inside the cell

How do cells obtain the energy they need?

They receive energy when the phosphate bonds of ATP are broken

Gram-positive bacteria

Thick layer of peptidoglycan in their cell walls- retain dye, stain purple (exist)

Gram-negative bacteria

Thin layer of peptidoglycan , outer membrane, lose dye when rinse, appear red or pink after a counterstain is applied (doesn't exist)

Which body cavity contains the heart and lungs?

Thoracic

Which nitrogenous base is not found in RNA?

Thymine

Specialized groups of cells with similar structure and function are?

Tissue

What are specialized groups of cells with similar structure and function called?

Tissue

Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

a single stranded, is a copy of DNA- one gene that makes one protein


Related study sets

International Business 300 exam 1

View Set

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning- The invisible killer

View Set

PrepU Postoperative Nursing Management

View Set

Culture & Health Final Review Fall 2020

View Set

Social Changes: Positive Contributions

View Set