A&P Test 2

Which of the following epithelial tissue types is NOT correctly matched to its function? A.) Simple squamous epithelium: filtration B.) Simple cuboidal epithelium: secretion C.) Stratified squamous epithelium: absorption D.) Simple columnar epithelium: absorption

C.) Stratified squamous epithelium: absorption

Which muscle cell type has visible striations but is not under voluntary control?

Cardiac *Yes, cardiac cells, like skeletal cells, have visible striations but are not under voluntary control

Which tissues have little to no functional regenerative capacity?

Cardiac muscle and nervous tissue in the brain and spinal cord *Cardiac muscle and the nervous tissue in the brain and spinal cord have virtually no functional regenerative capacity, and they are routinely replaced by scar tissue

Under a microscope you observe a tissue that appears to have long fibers that appear striated. The nuclei are pushed off to the side of the fibers. The tissue looks very vascular. What type of tissue are you observing? A.) Dense regular connective tissue B.) Skeletal muscle tissue C.) Dense irregular connective tissue D.) Osseous tissue

B.) Skeletal muscle tissue *The striations are evidence of the myofilaments inside the muscle fibers. The position of the nuclei and vascularity are also signs of muscle tissue

T/F Pseudostratified epithelia are well adapted to the digestive system because the cilia increase the surface area for absorption.

False *Pseudostratified epithelia are found in the respiratory linings. Cilia are used for movement, not increasing surface area

Which property is most consistent in the majority of connective tissues? A.) Avasculartiy B.) Large amounts of ground substance C.) Large number of connective fibers D.) Greater amount of extracellular matrix compared to cellular content

D.) Greater amount of extracellular matrix compared to cellular content *Even in blood, the cellular portion is less concentrated than the plasma matrix that surrounds the blood cells.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of nervous tissue? A.) Transmits electrical impulses B.) Creates linings C.) Highly branched cells D.) Used for support and insulation

B.) Creates linings *Cells that create the body's linings are all derived from epithelia

Which of the following is a property of epithelial tissue? A.) Epithelial tissue is typically unable to regenerate. B.) Epithelial tissue is innervated. C.) Epithelial tissue does not exhibit polarity. D.) Epithelial tissue contains blood vessels.

B.) Epithelial tissue is innervated. *Epithelial tissue is an innervated, avascular tissue that exhibits polarity. Epithelial tissue is also highly regenerative.

You observe a uniform tissue under a microscope. There is no lumen. The material looks densely packed, but you do not observe many nuclei. It appears that there are strands of fibers running in parallel directions. What type of tissue are you looking at?

Connective Tissue *It is not muscle tissue because there is a lot of nuclei present. You are probably looking at dense regular connective tissue. Connective tissue has a low cell count compared to the extracellular matrix.

Which tissue is correctly paired with its primary cell type? A.) Connective tissue proper; chondroblast B.) Cartilage; fibroblast C.) Bone; fibrocyte D.) Bone; osteoblast

D.) Bone; osteoblast *Osteoblasts/cytes are the primary cell type for bone.

Connective tissues are made of different combinations of ground substance and fibers. As you compare slides of connective tissues, which would most likely be the strongest type of connective tissue based on the composition of ground substance and fibers? A.) Connective tissue high in reticular fibers B.) Connective tissue high in elastic fibers C.) connective tissue high in ground substance D.) Connective tissues high in collagen fibers

D.) Connective tissues high in collagen fibers *Collagen is the toughest of the fibers. If you saw collagen in high amounts, that would indicate strength in the connective tissue.

Smooth muscle __________. A.) Has long, cylindrical cells B.) Contains intercalated discs C.) Has striations D.) Is under involuntary control

D.) Is under involuntary control *Smooth and cardiac muscle are under involuntary control. Skeletal muscle is under voluntary control

Which of the following is NOT a manner in which any epithelial tissue is classified? A.) Shape of the cells B.) Type of secretion C.) Number of cell layers D.) Location

D.) Location *This is one way that epithelia are not classified. Epithelia are classified by their shape and layering. Epithelial glands are named based on their type of secretion, number of cells, and structure.

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? A.) Simple squamous epithelia are associated with filtration and exchange. B.) Simple columnar epithelia are associated with absorption and secretion. C.) Stratified squamous epithelia are found in areas subjected to wear and tear. D.) Simple cuboidal epithelia are found in areas that stretch.

D.) Simple cuboidal epithelia are found in areas that stretch. *This statement is false, so it is the correct answer. Transitional (not simple cuboidal) epithelia are found in areas that stretch, in particular the ureters and urinary bladder. Simple cuboidal epithelia are adapted for absorption and secretion. We find that most glands consist of cuboidal epithelia.

Which of the following characteristics is lacking in the typical areolar connective tissue pictured in the figure? A.) Ability to support other tissues B.) Vascularity C.) Ground substance D.) Elastic properties E.) None of these characteristics is lacking

E.) None of these characteristics is lacking

What tissue type has polarity and is avascular?

Epithelium *Epithelia have polarity, which is to say that there is directionality. There is always an exposed surface and an attached surface. Epithelia are also avascular.

Which of these terms applies best to all material in this tissue that is not cellular? A.) Interstitial fluid B.) Extracellular matrix C.) Mesenchyme D.) Ground substance

Extracellular matrix *The term matrix applies to all extracellular material seen, including the ground substance and all fibers.

T/F All muscle cells contain striations

False *Smooth muscle cells do not contain striations. Although they do contain myofilaments, their arrangement is not regular enough to generate the striations seen in skeletal or cardiac muscle cells.

T/F All epithelia have two surfaces, an apical surface and a basal surface, that differ in both structure and function. This property is called polarity.

True

Which survival need shortage would most affect articular cartilage's ability to rebound after joint compression, and why does it have this effect?

Water, since it makes up to 80% of cartilage's content and helps cushion articular bone surfaces

The epithelium of the esophagus is composed of which type of epithelial tissue?

Stratified squamous epithelium *Yes, this epithelium protects underlying tissues from the wear and tear of constant swallowing in the esophagus.

What function do transitional epithelia have?

Stretching *Transitional epithelium is found in the urinary system. It lines the ureters, bladder, and proximal part of the urethra--organs that are subjected to distention or stretching as urine passes through or fills them

How are endocrine and exocrine glands different from each other?

Endocrine glands have no ducts *Endocrine glands secrete substances (hormones) into blood without the use of ducts, whereas exocrine glands use ducts to secrete substances into the external environment.

Which part of the neuron (a specialized nerve cell) receives signals from other cells and is also the main metabolic region of the neuron?

Soma *Yes, the soma or cell body receives inputs (signals) from other cells and sends the information to the axon. But unlike a dendrite, it also is the main metabolic and nutritional center of the cell.

Which of the following is NOT a role of connective tissue? A.) Absorption B.) Insulation C.) Support D.) Transport

A.) Absorption *Absorption, the movement of substances into the body, is a role of epithelial tissue. Roles of connective tissue include binding and support, protection, insulation, and transportation of substances, via blood, within the body

Which is the most atypical connective tissue since it does NOT act as a binding or packaging material under normal conditions or provide structural support? A.) Blood B.) Cartilage C.) Osseous D.) Areolar connective tissue

A.) Blood *Blood, the fluid connective tissue (CT) within blood vessels, is the most atypical CT. It does not act as a binding or packing material; it does not provide structural support. It is classified as a CT only because it develops from mesenchyme and consists of cells (blood cells) surrounded by an extracellular fluid matrix (blood plasma).

Which of the following statements is true? A.) Dense connective tissue includes a large amount of reticular fibers B.) Dense connective tissue includes a great deal of collagen C.) All subclasses of loose connective tissue do not contain collagen fibers D.) Loose connective tissue includes cartilage

B.) Dense connective tissue includes a great deal of collagen *Correct, the prominent element of dense connective tissue are the fibers. Dense regular connective tissue primarily has parallel collagen fibers and a few elastic fibers. Dense irregular connective tissue primarily has irregularly arranged collagen fibers and some elastic fibers. Elastic connective tissue contains a high proportion of elastic fibers. Reticular connective tissue, a type of loose connective tissue, consists of a network of reticular fibers in a typical loose ground substance. The reticular fibers form a soft internal skeleton that supports cells.

Which tissue type consists of a sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity?

Epithelial

In connective tissue, the role of elastic fibers is to __________.

Provide flexibility *Elastic fibers contain elastin, a rubberlike protein that allows them to stretch and recoil like rubber bands, making them very flexible.

You observe a tissue under a microscope. There appears to be a lumen on one side of the tissue. Lining this lumen, the cells seem to have long, fingerlike projections. Beneath the projections, the cells seem to have the shape of shoeboxes and are packed tightly together. What type of tissue are you looking at?

Simple columnar epithelia *The shoebox represents the columnar shape. Additionally, the fingerlike projections are likely to be microvilli

The proximal tubule of the nephron (kidney tubule) in the kidney is composed of which type of epithelium?

Simple cuboidal epithelium *Yes, the simple cuboidal cells line the kidney tubules (nephrons) so that secretion and absorption can take place.

The wall of the alveolus (air sac) in the lung is composed of which type of epithelium?

Simple squamous epithelium *Yes, this single layer of squamous cells is ideal for the diffusion of gases in the lungs

Which of the three muscle cell types has multiple nuclei?

Skeletal *Yes, skeletal muscle cells are elongated and many can be quite long; therefore, they have multiple nuclei

Injured cartilage might heal more quickly if a treatment were discovered that would __________.

Stimulate blood vessels to develop within cartilage *Cartilage is normally avascular, so nutrients required for healing must diffuse from distant blood vessels, which delays the healing process

Why are adipose tissue, blood, and bone all considered to be connective tissues?

They have a common origin: mesenchyme *Adipose tissue, bone, and blood (like all connective tissues) are derived from mesenchyme, an embryonic tissue. Also common to all connective tissues is the presence of cells and an extracellular matrix that consists of fibers bathed in ground substance